1、翻译三级笔译实务分类真题 3及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：2，分数：60.00)1.A year ago, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coars
2、e yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sourcesand a measure of concern about the future of the planetEuropean farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into
3、fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after their counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.“This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,“ said Marcello Pini, a farmer, standing in front of the se
4、a of waving yellow flowers he planted for the first time this year. “Of course we hope it helps the environment, too.“In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry in Europe, approved a directive that included a “binding target“ requiring member states t
5、o use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.Most EU states are currently far from achieving the target, and are introducing new incentives and subsidies to boost production.As a result, bioenergy crops have now replaced food as the most profitable
6、crop in a number European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 per 100 kilograms, or $13.42 per 100 poundsnearly twice the 11-to-12 rate per 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market last year. Better still, European farmers are
7、 allowed to plant biofuel crops on “set-aside“ fields, land that EU agriculture policy would otherwise require them to leave fallow to prevent an oversupply of food.But an expert panel convened by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization this month pointed out that the biofuels boom produces both be
8、nefits as well as tradeoff and risksincluding higher and wildly fluctuating global food prices. In some markets grain prices have nearly doubled because farmers are planting for biofuels.“At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life in
9、to rural areas,“ said Gustavo Best, an expert at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. “But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, were seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.“Josette Sheeran, the new head of the
10、UN World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new dilemmas for her agency. “An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food. So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.“In Europe, the rapid conversion o
11、f fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel oils like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.“New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on
12、the whole world grain market,“ said Claudia Conti, a spokeswoman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. “Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to historical highs.“For some experts, more worrisome is th
13、e potential impact to low-income consumers from the displacement of food crops by bioenergy plantings. In the developing world, the shift from growing food to growing more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment in places where wil
14、d land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the FAO expert panel concluded.But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent the worst price and supply problems that have plagued American markets.“We see in the United States farmers going crazy growin
15、g corn for biofuels, but also producing shortages of food and feed,“ said Michael Mann, a commission spokesman. “So we see biofuel as a good opportunitybut it shouldnt be the be-all and end-all for agriculture.“In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the EU agriculture and rural development commis
16、sioner, said that the 10 percent EU target was “not a shot in the dark,“ but rather carefully chosen to encourage a level of biofuel industry growth that would not produce undue hardship for the Continents poor. Over the next 14 years, she calculated, it would push up raw material prices for cereal
17、by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed may rise between 5 percent and 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.（分数：30.00）_2.LONGYEARBYEN, NorwayWith plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global n
18、etwork of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the worlds food supply to climate change. This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here, received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into the middle of a f
19、rozen Arctic mountain topped with snow, the vaults goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world. As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seedspeas from Nigeria, corn from Mexicoreside in this glazed cavelike structur
20、e, forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world. Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An automated digital monitoring syste
21、m controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for entrance. The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valu
22、able than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds that can be st
23、ored. For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and shoot collections in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently consolidated and systematized, in part because of better techn
24、ology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production. “We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hurricane Katrina,“ said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a nonprofit group that
25、 runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didnt anyone prepare for a hurricane before? We knew it was going to happen. “Well, we are losing biodiversity every dayits a kind of drip, drip, drip. Its also inevitable. We need to do something about it.“ This week the urgency of the problem was undersco
26、red as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world. “The erosion of plants genetic resources is really going fast,“ said Dr. Rony Swennen, head of the division of cro
27、p biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the worlds 1,200 banana types. “Were at a critical moment and if we dont act fast, were going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.“ The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, rati
28、fied in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of new seeds. A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and pl
29、ant strains better able to cope with a changed environment. Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like the abili
30、ty to withstand drier, warmer climate.（分数：30.00）_二、BSection Chine(总题数：2，分数：40.00)3.中国历来重视人才工作，并实施“人才强国”战略，大力开发人力市场资源，为人才发挥作用创造必要的条件和环境。中国目前实行的是工程技术人员职称聘任制度，经过多年的实践，中国已经形成了一套比较完整的工程技术人员制度，并探索实行工程技术人员职称聘任制度。 工程技术人员职务聘任制度形成于计划经济时期，随着社会主义市场经济的建立和经济社会的发展需要进一步完善和改革，人事部、建设部、教育部、中国工程院、中国科协等部门专门成立了领导小组，组织关于技
31、术人才的研究，提出工程技术人才改革框架，建立以业绩和能力为导向的、科学的、人才绩效评价制度，并积极促进工程师国际互认和资格准入制度。（分数：20.00）_4.中国人民选择和平发展道路，是基于中国的传统文化、惨痛的历史和现实的巨大成就所作出的明智选择。中国是一个有 5000年历史的文明古国，有着与外来文化取长补短、兼容并蓄的传统。我们的祖先历来强调“以和为贵”。历史上，中国在对外交往中始终强调亲仁善邻、和而不同。2000 年前，中国与周边国家有使节往来、商品交易、文化交流，汉朝张骞出使西域开辟了陆上“丝绸之路”。1000 年前，中国对外交往海陆并重，盛况空前，茶叶、丝绸、瓷器等商品远销亚欧诸多国
32、家；600 多年前，中国明代航海家郑和率领舰队“七下西洋”，足迹遍及亚非 30多个国家和地区，带去的是先进的农耕和手工艺技术，还有精美的产品和真诚的友谊。这样的文化传统决定了今天的中国必然选择和平发展延续历史，并融入当今世界和平与发展的潮流。 从 19世纪 80年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，到庚子之乱乃至 20世纪 30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路
33、的信念。 1949 年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从 1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。（分数：20.00）_翻译三级笔译实务分类真题 3答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：2，分数：60.00)1.A year ago, this l
34、ush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned int
35、o biofuel.Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sourcesand a measure of concern about the future of the planetEuropean farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after th
36、eir counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.“This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,“ said Marcello Pini, a farmer, standing in front of the sea of waving yellow flowers he planted for the first time this year. “Of course we hope it hel
37、ps the environment, too.“In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry in Europe, approved a directive that included a “binding target“ requiring member states to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020the most ambitious and specific goal in the wor
38、ld.Most EU states are currently far from achieving the target, and are introducing new incentives and subsidies to boost production.As a result, bioenergy crops have now replaced food as the most profitable crop in a number European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guara
39、ntees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 per 100 kilograms, or $13.42 per 100 poundsnearly twice the 11-to-12 rate per 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market last year. Better still, European farmers are allowed to plant biofuel crops on “set-aside“ fields, land that EU agriculture policy would
40、otherwise require them to leave fallow to prevent an oversupply of food.But an expert panel convened by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization this month pointed out that the biofuels boom produces both benefits as well as tradeoff and risksincluding higher and wildly fluctuating global food price
41、s. In some markets grain prices have nearly doubled because farmers are planting for biofuels.“At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,“ said Gustavo Best, an expert at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Orga
42、nization in Rome. “But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, were seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.“Josette Sheeran, the new head of the UN World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created
43、 new dilemmas for her agency. “An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food. So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.“In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel oils like rapeseed is already leading to s
44、hortages of ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.“New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,“ said Claudia Conti, a spokeswoman for Barilla, one of the larg
45、est Italian pasta makers. “Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to historical highs.“For some experts, more worrisome is the potential impact to low-income consumers from the displacement of food crops by bioenergy p
46、lantings. In the developing world, the shift from growing food to growing more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment in places where wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the FAO expert panel concluded.But officials at t
47、he European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent the worst price and supply problems that have plagued American markets.“We see in the United States farmers going crazy growing corn for biofuels, but also producing shortages of food and feed,“ said Michael Mann, a com
48、mission spokesman. “So we see biofuel as a good opportunitybut it shouldnt be the be-all and end-all for agriculture.“In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the EU agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent EU target was “not a shot in the dark,“ but rather carefully chosen to encourage a level of biofuel industry growth that would not produce undue hardship for the Continents poor. Over the next 14 years, she calculated, it would push up raw material
