1、翻译三级笔译实务-工业发展(Industry)及答案解析(总分：140.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.We are soberly aware that China remains the worlds largest developing country, with a large population, weak economic foundation, uneven development, and challenges of unparalleled magnitude and complexity.（分数：2.00）_2.Britains
2、 largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and Britain remains one of the worlds major steel-producing nations.（分数：2.00）_3.The unprecedented high-level exchanges between the two sides have given a strong boost to the strategic mutual trust and the overall improvement and growth o
3、f the China-US relations.（分数：2.00）_4.The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world.（分数：2.00）_5.Being the worlds fourth largest exporter of medicines, Britains pharmaceutical industry has some of the wor
4、lds largest multinational research-intensive manufacturers.（分数：2.00）_6.Ranked as one of the most important industries in Britain, the motor components industry consists of over 2,000 companies.（分数：2.00）_7.The footwear manufacturing industry is made up predominantly of small companies, increasingly u
5、nder pressure from imports.（分数：2.00）_8.Bio-medicine production, well-knows as a “Golden Industry“ and remaining stagnant for years, was showing vigor of growth.（分数：2.00）_9.A sound China-U. S. relationship serves the fundamental interest of the two countries and their people, and the peace, stability
6、 and development of the Asia-Pacific region and the world as well.（分数：2.00）_10.Chinas WTO entry makes it imperative for enterprises to increase their competitive power, and for industries to establish their comparative advantages.（分数：2.00）_二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)11.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，
7、其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。（分数：2.00）_12.此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何时刻都要多。（分数：2.00）_13.从她的文字看来，她是一个亲切而慷慨的朋友，又不失敏锐的头脑和绝佳的幽默感。（分数：2.00）_14.我是 1929 年 8 月 17 日在阿巴拉契山脉煤矿区中心的肯塔基州出生的，父亲叫奥利弗鲍尔斯，母亲叫埃达鲍尔斯，我在他们的六个子女中排行老二。（分数：2.00）_15.他的眼睛格外大，却少了原本该有的那份天真无邪，看着陌生人时尤其显得老成。（分数：2.00）_16.每个人都有各自的长处与缺点，应该互相学习，才能取人之长，
8、补己之短。（分数：2.00）_17.他点点头，喉头发紧，一句话也说不出来。（分数：2.00）_18.中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十到七十年间发展起来。（分数：2.00）_19.另外一些人可以在工厂农村住几个月，在那里做调查，交朋友。（分数：2.00）_20.胡先生背着手，似乎在很有兴趣地“欣赏”这幅作品。（分数：2.00）_三、B/B(总题数：1，分数：60.00)21.Bobal Industrialization/B Industrialization changed the world. Few places on earth have escaped its impact. Howe
9、ver, the nature of the impact varies from place to place. Understanding the global consequences of industrialization requires an understanding of how industrialization differed in each place. Industrialization is always initially a regional, not a national, phenomenon as demonstrated by the long ind
10、ustrial lag of the American South. Many other parts of Western Europe plus the United States followed Britain in the early 19th century. A few other European regions - Sweden, Holland, northern Italy - began serious industrialization only at mid-century. The next big wave of new industrialization, b
11、eginning around the 1880s, embraced Russia and Japan. A final round (to present) included the rapid industrialization of the rest of the Pacific Rim (especially South Korea and Taiwan) by the 1960s. Various factors shaped the nature of industrialization in each place. In Britain, for example, indust
12、rialization succeeded when it depended on individual inventors and relatively small companies. It began to lag, however, in the corporate climate of the later 19th century. In contrast, Germany surged forward when industrialization featured larger organizations, more impersonal management structures
13、, and collaborative research rather than artisan-tinkerers. In Germany, the state was also more directly involved in industrialization than in Britain. French industrialization emphasized updated craft products. This reflected not only earlier national specialties, but also less adequate resources i
14、n coal, a factor that held heavy industry back. Furniture workers, for example, used pre-set designs to turn out furniture quickly, but they resented dilutions of their artistic skill. The United States industrialization depended on immigrant labor. Unlike Germany, however, the United States introdu
15、ced laws that combated businesses big enough to throttle competition, though the impact of these laws was uneven. The United States with its huge market also pioneered the new economic stage of mass consumerism that ultimately had a worldwide impact. The consequences of industrialization are, ultima
16、tely, global. By the early 19th century, Europes factories pushed back more traditional manufacturing in areas like Latin America and India. At the same time, industrial centers sought new food resources and raw materials, prompting these sectors to expand in places like Chile and Brazil. Gradually,
17、 however, other societies copied industrialization or at least developed an independent industrial sector. Much of 20th-century world history, in fact, involves efforts by societies like India, China, Iran, or Brazil to reduce their dependence on imports and mount a selective export operation throug
18、h industry. Industrializations environmental impact has also been international. Industrialization quickly affected local water and air quality around factories. Industrial demands for agricultural products, like robber, caused deforestation and soil changes in places like Brazil. These patterns hav
19、e accelerated as industrial growth has spread more widely, creating modern issues such as global warming. The world impact of industrialization, in these senses, remains an unfinished story as the 21st century begins. Given the global impact of industrialization, it is increasingly important that we
20、 understand its nature and its consequences. Whereas the impact of industrialization is easy to understand on a personal level - how it affects where and how we work or live our lives - it is more difficult to understand its nature on a global level, particularly when its global pattern is so comple
21、x. History provides a means toward this understanding. By understanding the causes, the variations, and the historic consequences of the Industrial Revolution, we can better understand our present circumstances and, hopefully, shape future industrializations for the good.（分数：60.00）_四、B/B(总题数：1，分数：40
22、.00)22.B中国加入 WTO 对国内汽车工业的影响/B 中国的汽车工业大致可以分为两部分：中方独资公司和跨国公司控股的中国公司。中国汽车工业有以下优势：首先，中国在 21 世纪将成为世界上最大的消费市场。其次，中国已建立起完整的汽车工业体系，某些产品已达到 20 世纪 90 年代国际技术水平。再次，某些进口车型已高度本土化。最后，廉价的劳动力是中国战胜外国竞争者的武器。 中国加入 WTO 将对国内汽车工业产生重大积极影响。第一，加入 WTO 可以加快汽车市场的发展。第二，加入 WTO 可以降低用于汽车工业的某些产品的价格。第三，贸易自由化将刺激国际贸易的发展并刺激汽车出口。最后，随着个人成
23、为汽车的主力，加入 WTO 将加速私有汽车市场的发展。 中国加入 WTO 也将产生消极影响。第一，来自日本、美国、德国、法国、意大利以及其它国家的大型汽车公司将显示出他们的优势并利用其技术、营销以及运转资金方面的优势。第二，加入 WTO 后，市场的快速自由化将使中国的汽车制造商的税收和利润大幅下跌，这将迫使汽车制造商解聘许多雇员。1992 年年末，中国汽车工业在岗人数约为 185 万人。第三，税收和利润的萎缩将大幅减少政府征自汽车工业的税收。1992 年，汽车工业的总产值占全年国内工业总产值的 12%。1997 年，汽车工业缴纳利税 200 亿人民币，占国民生产总值重要部分。进口的减少将造成关
24、税及其它从国外进口的汽车相关的产品税收的显著下降。最后，一旦跨国公司在中国建立起销售网络，他们将能够在国内市场上推出许多产品和服务。（分数：40.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-工业发展(Industry)答案解析(总分：140.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.We are soberly aware that China remains the worlds largest developing country, with a large population, weak economic foundation, uneven development,
25、and challenges of unparalleled magnitude and complexity.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。中国人口多、底子薄、发展很不平衡，在发展中遇到的矛盾和问题，无论是规模还是复杂性，都是世所罕见的。2.Britains largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and Britain remains one of the worlds major steel-producing nations.（分数：2.00
26、）_正确答案：()解析：英国最大的制造业是钢铁工业，而且英国一直是世界重要钢铁生产国之一。3.The unprecedented high-level exchanges between the two sides have given a strong boost to the strategic mutual trust and the overall improvement and growth of the China-US relations.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：双方高层接触之多前所未有，大大增加了两国战略互信，推进了中美关系的改善和发展。4.The automo
27、bile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：汽车工业是世界上最重要的工业，它不仅影响世界经济，也影响世界文化。5.Being the worlds fourth largest exporter of medicines, Britains pharmaceutical industry has some of the worlds
28、largest multinational research-intensive manufacturers.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：作为世界第四大药品出口国，英国制药业拥有一些世界上最大的跨国研究型生产商。6.Ranked as one of the most important industries in Britain, the motor components industry consists of over 2,000 companies.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：作为英国最重要的工业，汽车配件工业拥有 2000 多家公司。7.The footwear
29、 manufacturing industry is made up predominantly of small companies, increasingly under pressure from imports.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：鞋、袜制造业主要是一些小型企业，它们越来越受到进口的压力。8.Bio-medicine production, well-knows as a “Golden Industry“ and remaining stagnant for years, was showing vigor of growth.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解
30、析：生物制药，作为“金色产业”多年来一直处于停滞状态，开始显示出勃勃生机。9.A sound China-U. S. relationship serves the fundamental interest of the two countries and their people, and the peace, stability and development of the Asia-Pacific region and the world as well.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：一个良好的中美关系符合两国和两国人民的根本利益，也有利于亚太乃至世界的和平、稳定与发展。10.
31、Chinas WTO entry makes it imperative for enterprises to increase their competitive power, and for industries to establish their comparative advantages.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：中国加入 WTO 迫切要求企业加强竞争力，确立产业竞争优势。二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)11.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：Ch
32、ina is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.12.此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何时刻都要多。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：At this moment, through the wonder of
33、 telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.13.从她的文字看来，她是一个亲切而慷慨的朋友，又不失敏锐的头脑和绝佳的幽默感。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：Her writing revealed her to be a kind and generous friend with a sharp wit and marvellous sense of humour.14.我
34、是 1929 年 8 月 17 日在阿巴拉契山脉煤矿区中心的肯塔基州出生的，父亲叫奥利弗鲍尔斯，母亲叫埃达鲍尔斯，我在他们的六个子女中排行老二。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：Born on August 17,1929 in Kentucky, in the heart of the Appalachian coal-mining country, I was the second of six children of Oliver and Ida Powers.15.他的眼睛格外大，却少了原本该有的那份天真无邪，看着陌生人时尤其显得老成。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：Hi
35、s eyes are too wide yet not as innocent as they should have been, especially when catching sight of strangers.16.每个人都有各自的长处与缺点，应该互相学习，才能取人之长，补己之短。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：Everyone has his own strong points as well as his shortcomings. They should learn from each other, so that each can adopt the others s
36、trong points, offset his own weaknesses.17.他点点头，喉头发紧，一句话也说不出来。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：He nodded, unable to say anything through the tightness of his throat.18.中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十到七十年间发展起来。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：By pursuing a policy of reform and opening to the outside world, China is striving to become develo
37、ped within a 50-70 years.19.另外一些人可以在工厂农村住几个月，在那里做调查，交朋友。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：Others can stay for a few months in the factories or villages, conducting investigations and making friends.20.胡先生背着手，似乎在很有兴趣地“欣赏”这幅作品。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：()解析：Mr. Hu, with his hands resting behind his back, seemed to be “appreciating“ the picture with great interest.三、B/B(总题数：1，分数：60.
