1、翻译三级笔译实务-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.A recent study in the United States reports that the family life, education and health of Americas children are generally improving, though child poverty has risen for the first time in a decade, according to the governments bro
2、adest measure of childrens well-being. The report shows that the teenage birth rate is down, young people are less likely to be involved in violent crimes and the death rate for this group has declined. Experts say that teenagers who give birth are less likely to finish high school or to graduate fr
3、om college than other girls of their age. Also, infants born to teenage mothers are more likely to be of low birth weight, which increases their chances of blindness, deafness, mental retardation, mental illness and cerebral palsy. The study shows that young people were less likely to be victimized
4、in a serious violent crime - murder, rape, robbery or aggravated assault - or to commit one. In 2002, there were 11 serious violent crimes per 1,000 people aged 12 to 17, compared with 15 per 1,000 youths in 2001. Child mortality declined, too. In 2000, there were 18 deaths for every 100,000 childre
5、n aged 5 to 14; a year later, there were 17 deaths for every 100,000 children in this age group. The infant mortality rate slightly increased. Seven of every 1,000 infants died before their first birthday in 2002, compared with a record low of 6.8 per. 1,000 in 2001. Still, children are more likely
6、to be overweight than they were before and child poverty has inched up after several years of decline. The number of overweight children increased to 16 percent between 1999 and 2000, compared with from 11 percent in the early 1990s and 6 percent in the late 1970s. That development “jeopardizes our
7、childrens future, making them vulnerable to chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension previously associated more with adults than with children,“ said Edward J. Sondik, director of the Center for Disease Controls National Center for Health Statistics. The report said Mexican-American boys
8、 were at the highest risk, with 27 percent overweight followed by non-Hispanic girls at 23 percent. The child obesity issue is a major cause for concern, a health expert said to reporters. “This is a trend thats been at work since 1980 . and as a trend, it shows no sign of reversing,“ the expert sai
9、d. Child poverty also grew, reaching 11. 6 million in 2002, compared with 11. 2 million a year earlier. Children living with single females continued to experience a higher poverty rate in 2002 than their counterparts in married-couple families - 40 percent compared with 9 percent. In 2002, 73 milli
10、on children under 18 lived in the United States and made up 25 percent of the population.（分数：60.00）_二、BSection Chine(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.2006 年我省实现国内生产总值 7493 亿元，同去年相比增长 12.1%，人均生产总值 11830 元，约合 1500美元。正处于加速发展的新阶段。我省农业比较发达，主要农产品产量一直位居全国前列。工业门类齐全，已基本形成 10 大优势产业集群和 77 个初具规模、各具特色的工业园区，全省有近 30 种工业产品产量居全国前 1
11、0 位。第三产业快速发展，商贸、物流、电信、广播影视、旅游、出版、动漫卡通等产业呈现良好发展势头，在全国均有一定地位。 我省是 6774 万人口的大省，消费市场非常活跃、潜力巨大。在我省投资设厂，可以辐射东南沿海市场、中西部地区市场以及国内外市场。我省综合营商成本相对低廉，劳动力、水电、土地使用价格与沿海地区相比低 1/3 左右，近年来加快了产业配套和现代物流业发展步伐，企业营商成本将进一步降低。因此，我省已由历史上兵家必争之地发展成现代商家必争之地。（分数：40.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-7 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：1，分
12、数：60.00)1.A recent study in the United States reports that the family life, education and health of Americas children are generally improving, though child poverty has risen for the first time in a decade, according to the governments broadest measure of childrens well-being. The report shows that t
13、he teenage birth rate is down, young people are less likely to be involved in violent crimes and the death rate for this group has declined. Experts say that teenagers who give birth are less likely to finish high school or to graduate from college than other girls of their age. Also, infants born t
14、o teenage mothers are more likely to be of low birth weight, which increases their chances of blindness, deafness, mental retardation, mental illness and cerebral palsy. The study shows that young people were less likely to be victimized in a serious violent crime - murder, rape, robbery or aggravat
15、ed assault - or to commit one. In 2002, there were 11 serious violent crimes per 1,000 people aged 12 to 17, compared with 15 per 1,000 youths in 2001. Child mortality declined, too. In 2000, there were 18 deaths for every 100,000 children aged 5 to 14; a year later, there were 17 deaths for every 1
16、00,000 children in this age group. The infant mortality rate slightly increased. Seven of every 1,000 infants died before their first birthday in 2002, compared with a record low of 6.8 per. 1,000 in 2001. Still, children are more likely to be overweight than they were before and child poverty has i
17、nched up after several years of decline. The number of overweight children increased to 16 percent between 1999 and 2000, compared with from 11 percent in the early 1990s and 6 percent in the late 1970s. That development “jeopardizes our childrens future, making them vulnerable to chronic conditions
18、 such as diabetes and hypertension previously associated more with adults than with children,“ said Edward J. Sondik, director of the Center for Disease Controls National Center for Health Statistics. The report said Mexican-American boys were at the highest risk, with 27 percent overweight followed
19、 by non-Hispanic girls at 23 percent. The child obesity issue is a major cause for concern, a health expert said to reporters. “This is a trend thats been at work since 1980 . and as a trend, it shows no sign of reversing,“ the expert said. Child poverty also grew, reaching 11. 6 million in 2002, co
20、mpared with 11. 2 million a year earlier. Children living with single females continued to experience a higher poverty rate in 2002 than their counterparts in married-couple families - 40 percent compared with 9 percent. In 2002, 73 million children under 18 lived in the United States and made up 25
21、 percent of the population.（分数：60.00）_正确答案：()解析：据美国一项最新研究报告说，按照美国政府关于少年儿童福利的最低标准，尽管少年儿童贫困率在近十年里首次出现上升势头，但是美国少年儿童的家庭生活、教育以及健康状况普遍得到了改善。 这项研究显示，少年儿童生育率、涉及少年儿童的暴力犯罪率以及少年儿童死亡率都有所下降。 专家们指出，跟别的同龄女性比，少年妈妈完不成中学或大学学业的可能性更大，而且由少年妈妈生产的婴儿多有体重偏低者，而体重偏低的婴儿更容易患失明、聋哑、精神发育不全、精神病和大脑性麻痹症。 研究表明，少年儿童成为谋杀、强奸、抢劫或加重恐吓行为等严重
22、暴力犯罪的受害者或从事此类犯罪的人数有所下降。2002 年，年龄在 12-17 岁的未成年人中涉及严重暴力犯罪的比例是 11 起/1 000 人，而 2001 年则是 15 起/1 000 人。 少年儿童死亡率也有所下降。2000 年，年龄在 5-14 岁的儿童死亡率为 18/100000，到 2001年则下降为 17/100000。但婴儿死亡率稍有上升。2002 年，未满周岁儿童死亡率是 7/1 000，超过了 2001年的历史最低点 6.8/1000。 不过，少年儿童肥胖症较之以前有所增加，而且过去几年呈下降趋势的少年儿童贫困率开始抬头。 少年儿童肥胖人数，从 1970 年代末的 6%和
23、1990 年代初的 11%，增加到 1999 年到2000 年之间的 16%。 疾病控制中心下属的全国健康统计中心主任爱德华 J桑迪克说，这种状况“会危及孩子们未来的发展，因为肥胖容易引发像糖尿病和高血压这样的慢性疾病，而以前这些疾病以成人患者居多。” 报告显示，墨西哥裔男孩患肥胖症的比例最高，达到 27%，其次是非西班牙(或墨西哥)裔女孩，达到 23%。 一位健康专家对记者说，儿童肥胖问题应当引起人们的关注。这位专家说，“从 1980 年来，这种情况早已成为一种趋势而且现在并没有任何逆转的迹象。” 此外，少年儿童贫困人数也有所增加，2002 年达到 1160 万，而 2001 年是 1120
24、 万。2002 年，与单身母亲生活在一起的少年儿童，继续保持高于生活在婚姻家庭中的少年儿童贫困率前者为 40%，后者为 9%。) 2002 年，美国 18 岁以下未成年人数为 7300 万， 占全国总人口的 25%。 采分点解析 1. A recent study in the United States reports that the family life, education and health of Americas children are generally improving, though child poverty has risen for the first time
25、 in a decade, according to the governments broadest measure of childrens wellbeing. 据美国一项最新研究报告说，按照美国政府关于少年儿童福利的最低标准，尽管少年儿童贫困率在近十年里首次出现上升势头，但是美国少年儿童的家庭生活、教育以及健康状况普遍得到了改善。 分析 理解结构采分点。 “. though child poverty has risen for the first time in a decade”本句是对首句表达内容的一个转折，因此应根据汉语表达习惯，在翻译时将其放在首句。即，“尽管少年儿童贫困率在
26、近十年里首次出现上升势头，但是美国少年儿童的家庭生活、教育以及健康状况普遍得到了改善”。 2The report shows that the teenage birth rate is down，young people are less likely to be involved in violent crimes and the death rate for this group has declined. 这项研究显示，少年儿童生育率、涉及少年儿童的暴力犯罪率以及少年儿童死亡率都有所下降。 分析 理解结构采分点。 选词用词采分点。 Birth rate，本应指“出生率”，但是根据本段后
27、文的意思，这里的 teenage birth rate 应该指的是“青少年生育率”，而非青少年出生率。 3Experts say that teenagers who give birth are less likely to finish high school or to graduate from college than other girls of their age. Also，infants born to teenage mothers are more likely to be of low birth weight，which increases their chances
28、 of blindness，deafness，mental retardation，mental illness and cerebral palsy. 专家们指出，跟别的同龄女性比，少年妈妈完不成中学或大学学业的可能性更大，而且由少年妈妈生产的婴儿多有体重偏低者，而体重偏低的婴儿更容易患失明、聋哑、精神发育不全、精神病和大脑性麻痹症。 分析 理解结构采分点及基本素质采分点。 采用合句法把上面两个句子合译成一句。mental retardation=mental deficiency 指“智力缺陷，反应迟钝”。retardation，本义为“延迟，迟缓，发育迟缓的”。 cerebral 指“大
29、脑的，脑部的”。palsy 指“麻痹，中风”。cerebral palsy 可译为“大脑性麻痹”。 4The study shows that young people were less likely to be victimized in a serious violent crimemurder，rape，robbery or aggravated assaultor to commit one. 研究表明，少年儿童成为谋杀、强奸、抢劫或加重恐吓行为等严重暴力犯罪的受害者或从事此类犯罪的人数有所下降。 分析 选词用词采分点。 根据上下文，young people 应译成“少年儿童”。ag
30、gravate 指“使恶化，加重”， assault 指“攻击，袭击”，此句短语理解为“恶意攻击或加重恐吓行为”。 5Seven of every 1，000 infants died before their first birthday in 2002，compared with a record low of 6.8 per 1,000 in 2001. 2002 年，未满周岁儿童死亡率是 7/1000，超过了 2001 年的历史最低点6.8/1000。 mortality(基本素质采分点。mortality，死亡率，致命性，失败率。) 分析 理解表达采分点。 infants died
31、before their first birthday 指的是“婴儿在第一个生日前死亡”，即还不满一岁的婴儿，所以，翻译成“未满周岁儿童”。 6Still，children are more likely to be overweight than they were before and child poverty has inched up after several years of decline. 不过，少年儿童肥胖症较之以前有所增加，而且过去几年呈下降趋势的少年儿童贫困率开始抬头。 分析 表达理解采分点。 短语 are likely to 可以省译。翻译 child poverty
32、 时要增译，翻译成“少年儿童贫困率”。Inch up 作为动词短语，inch 在这里指“缓缓上升或下降，使渐进”的意思。因此 inch up 在这里应翻译成“逐渐开始上升”。 7The number of overweight children increased to 16 percent between 1999 and 2000， compared with from 11 percent in the early 1990s and 6 percent in the late 1970s. 少年儿童肥胖人数，从 1970 年代末的 6%和 1990 年代初的 11%，增加到 1999
33、年到 2000年之间的 16%。 分析 理解结构采分点。 首先，在翻译 increased to 16 percent between 1999 and 2000，compared with from 11 percent in the early 1990s and 6 percent in the late 1970s 时，应按照汉语表达方式，把时间点顺序调整过来，译为：从 1970 年代末的 6%和 1990 年代初的 11%，增加到1999 年到 2000 年之间的 16%。 8That development“jeopardizes our childrens future，maki
34、ng them vulnerable to chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension previously associated more with adults than with children.” said Edward J. Sondik，director of the Center for Disease Controls National Center for Health Statistics. 疾病控制中心下属的全国健康统计中心主任爱德华 J桑迪克说，这种状况“会危及孩子们未来的发展，因为肥胖容易引发像糖尿病和高
35、血压这样的慢性疾病，而以前这些疾病以成人患者居多。” 分析 理解结构采分点。 用断句法翻译此句。首先把 that development “jeopardizes our childrens future.”单独译成一句：这种状况“会危及孩子们未来的发展”其中，development 指“状况，情况”，不能理解成“发展”。分词短语 making them vulnerable to chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension 译成另一句“因为肥胖容易引发像糖尿病和高血压这样的慢性疾病”。过去分词短语 previously assoc
36、iated more with adults than with children 译成第三个单独的句子“而以前这些疾病以成人患者居多”。短语 associate with 如果译成“与有关系”不符合汉语的表达方式，应变通翻译。chronic 指“慢性的，延续很长时间的”。condition，本意为“条件，情形，环境，地位”讲，但在这里根据下文所说的都是些病症，因此这里 chronic conditions 翻译为“慢性病”较为贴切。diabete 意为“糖尿病”； hypertension 指“高血压”。 9The child obesity issue is a major cause f
37、or concern，a health expert said to reporters.一位健康专家对记者说，儿童肥胖问题应当引起人们的关注。 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句的动词是 is，但翻译时最好把名词 cause 转译成动词“引起”。concern 指“关心，关注”，但因为所谈的是社会问题，人们对这些问题多给予关注，因此，该此译成“关注”更好。obesity 指“肥胖，肥胖症”。 10Child poverty also grew，reaching 11.6 million in 2002，compared with 11.2 million a year earlier. 此外，少年
38、儿童贫困人数也有所增加，2002 年达到 1 160 万，而 2001 年是 1120 万。 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句可分译成三个小句。child poverty also grew 译成“少年儿童贫困人数也有所增加”。分词短语 reaching 11.6 million in 2002用 2002 作主语，译成“2002 年达到 1160 万”。过去分词短语 compared with 11.2 million a year earlier 中的 compared with 省译，a year earlier 作主语，译成“2001 年”，最后译为“而 2001 年是 1120 万”。二
39、、BSection Chine(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.2006 年我省实现国内生产总值 7493 亿元，同去年相比增长 12.1%，人均生产总值 11830 元，约合 1500美元。正处于加速发展的新阶段。我省农业比较发达，主要农产品产量一直位居全国前列。工业门类齐全，已基本形成 10 大优势产业集群和 77 个初具规模、各具特色的工业园区，全省有近 30 种工业产品产量居全国前 10 位。第三产业快速发展，商贸、物流、电信、广播影视、旅游、出版、动漫卡通等产业呈现良好发展势头，在全国均有一定地位。 我省是 6774 万人口的大省，消费市场非常活跃、潜力巨大。在我省投资设厂，可以辐
40、射东南沿海市场、中西部地区市场以及国内外市场。我省综合营商成本相对低廉，劳动力、水电、土地使用价格与沿海地区相比低 1/3 左右，近年来加快了产业配套和现代物流业发展步伐，企业营商成本将进一步降低。因此，我省已由历史上兵家必争之地发展成现代商家必争之地。（分数：40.00）_正确答案：()解析：In 2006, the GDP of our province came to 749.3 billion RMB yuan, an increase of 12.1% over the previous year. Its per capita total output value was 11,8
41、30 yuan, equivalent to about US 1,500. It is entering a new stage of accelerated development. Its agriculture is developed. The output of its major farm products has remained in the front rank in the country. It has a wide range of industries and basically formed 10 major advantageous industries and
42、 77 large industrial parks with different characteristics. Its outputs of about 30 industrial products remain in the first ten places in the country. Its tertiary industry expands rapidly. Commerce, trade, logistics, telecommunications, radio, film, TV, tourism, publishing, animation, cartoon and ot
43、her industries maintain a good momentum in their development and are of importance to some extent in the country. Our province is a large one with a population of 67.74 million. Its consumer market is dynamic and has great potential. If investment is made here to build factories, their products can
44、be sold in the southeastern coastal market, the market in the central and western parts of the country and the market at home and abroad. The comprehensive operating costs are relatively low, and prices for labor, water, electricity and land use are about one-third lower than those of the coastal re
45、gion. In recent years, it has accelerated the development of supporting industries and modem logistics industry. Enterprises operating costs will further fall. So it shifts from a place of strategic importance in history to a region of modern business competition. 采分点解析 1国内生产总值 GDP。 分析 基本素质采分点。 “国内生
46、产总值 GDP”是常用时事词汇。另一个类似的时事词汇是“国民生产总值 GNP”，gross national product。 22006年我省实现国内生产总值 7 493 亿元，增长 12.1%，人均生产总值 11 830 元，约合 1 500 美元，正处于加速发展的新阶段。In 2006，the GDP of our province came to 749.3 billion RMB yuan，an increase of 12.1% over the previous year. Its per capita total output value was 11，830 yuan，equ
47、ivalent to about US 1，500It is entering a new stage of accelerated development 分析 理解结构采分点。 原句是个多个分句组成的复合句，需要断句来译。根据句意将句子分译成三句话。“2006 年我省实现国内生产总值 7 493 亿元，增长 12.1%”译成“In 2006，the GDP of our province came to 749.3 billion RMB yuan，an increase of 12.1% over the previous year”，其中，原文中主语是“我省”，改成“我省的国内生产总值
48、 the GDP of our province”，原文谓语“实现”也不必直译成 realize，而译成 come to 达到。动词的“增长”译成名词。“人均生产总值11 830 元，约合 1 500 美元”译成第二个单句 Its per capita total output value was 11，830 yuan，equivalent to about US 1，500。“约合 1 500 美元”就是等于 1 500 美元之意，因此译成equivalent to，在句中作定语。动宾结构“正处于加速发展的新阶段”要增加主语，翻译为：It is entering a new stage of accelerated development。 3位居全国前列 remained in the front rank in the country。 分析 选词用词采分点。 in the front rank 是固定词组，意思是：在前列，著名。4工业门类齐全，已
