1、翻译三级笔译实务-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.There is an ever-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counterparts, says the American Council on Education (ACE). Twenty years ago, according to ACEs “Annual Status Report on Minorities in
2、 Higher Education,“ 30 percent of African American male high school graduates (ages 18 to 24) were enrolled in college, compared with 28 percent of same-age black females and 41 percent of white males. Now, some 37 percent of black men are enrolled, compared with 42 percent of African American women
3、 and 44.5 percent of white males. So while there are more black males enrolling in college today than 20 years ago, other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and, even more importantly, in retention rates. The graduation rate of black men is lower than that of any group. Only 35 percent of bla
4、ck males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996, compared with 59 percent of white males, 46 percent of Hispanic men, 41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year. Surveys and reports are hinting that the countrys educational app
5、aratus is stacked against the black male. Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school, have a set of college-prep courses on their high school transcripts and “demonstrate basic literacy“ - the necessities for being “college ready.“ Another glaring problem is that black
6、males are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions. As if thats not enough, says ACEs William Harvey, theres a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money coupled with jacked-up tuitions, wh
7、ich make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20,000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum. “For those in the lower economic category, the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to college and who doesnt,“ observes Harvey. Harvey points out that, over the years,
8、 federal funding has undergone a “complete reversal,“ from “a 70 percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago“ to the exact opposite today. “An 18-year-old male will be more inclined to say, I want money in my pocket now and attempt to get a job,“ adds Harvey. “But many take on the debt, b
9、ecome part-time students, work 20-plus hours a week and become five-year students at a four-year college.“ The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who persevere - those who go on to finish high school, earn a bachelors degree and even finish gr
10、ad school. A recently released Census report shows that, whether they have a high school diploma or a masters degree, black men will earn roughly 25 percent less than Whites.（分数：60.00）_二、BSection Chine(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.北京上周宣布人民币不再盯住美元，给全球货币、债券和商品市场带来冲击波。北京新的影响力由此清晰可见。 通过购买国库券，中国向美国消费者和政府提供着廉价资金。如果人民
11、币转而盯住一篮子货币导致中国减持美元资产，那么美国的债券收益率可能就会上升。美国的中国抨击者们要求人民币再上调25%或者更多，他们这下应该小心了。这种大幅重新定值一定会将债券收益率推向一个更高的水平，从而严重损害美国经济。其实，如果说调整人民币币值会对美国的贸易逆差产生什么实际影响，那不会是通过重新定值本身，而是因为债券收益率升高压缩了国内需求。 美国的贸易逆差主要是开支过度和储蓄不足引起的，并非源自中国的不公平竞争。如果说美国贸易逆差的责任中国也有份儿，那不是通过压低汇率，而是通过降低债券收益率从而刺激家庭过度借贷和开支。从这个角度看，现在制定全球货币政策的是北京，而不是华盛顿。（分数：40
12、.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-4 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.There is an ever-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counterparts, says the American Council on Education (ACE). Twenty years ago, according to ACEs “Annual Status Report on Minoritie
13、s in Higher Education,“ 30 percent of African American male high school graduates (ages 18 to 24) were enrolled in college, compared with 28 percent of same-age black females and 41 percent of white males. Now, some 37 percent of black men are enrolled, compared with 42 percent of African American w
14、omen and 44.5 percent of white males. So while there are more black males enrolling in college today than 20 years ago, other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and, even more importantly, in retention rates. The graduation rate of black men is lower than that of any group. Only 35 percent of
15、 black males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996, compared with 59 percent of white males, 46 percent of Hispanic men, 41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year. Surveys and reports are hinting that the countrys educational
16、 apparatus is stacked against the black male. Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school, have a set of college-prep courses on their high school transcripts and “demonstrate basic literacy“ - the necessities for being “college ready.“ Another glaring problem is that bl
17、ack males are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions. As if thats not enough, says ACEs William Harvey, theres a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money coupled with jacked-up tuitions
18、, which make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20,000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum. “For those in the lower economic category, the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to college and who doesnt,“ observes Harvey. Harvey points out that, over the ye
19、ars, federal funding has undergone a “complete reversal,“ from “a 70 percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago“ to the exact opposite today. “An 18-year-old male will be more inclined to say, I want money in my pocket now and attempt to get a job,“ adds Harvey. “But many take on the deb
20、t, become part-time students, work 20-plus hours a week and become five-year students at a four-year college.“ The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who persevere - those who go on to finish high school, earn a bachelors degree and even finis
21、h grad school. A recently released Census report shows that, whether they have a high school diploma or a masters degree, black men will earn roughly 25 percent less than Whites.（分数：60.00）_正确答案：()解析：美国教育委员会报告，美国黑人男性的大学入学率与黑人女性及白人男性的大学入学率之间出现了越来越大的差距。 根据美国教育委员会关于高校少数民族学生状况年度报告，20 年前，30%的男性黑人中学毕业生(18-
22、24 岁)进入大学，与此相比，同龄女性黑人是 28%，男性白人是 41%。 现在，男性黑人的大学入学率上升为 37%，而女性黑人为 42%，男性白人为 44.5%。这就是说，虽然男性黑人的大学入学率比之 20 年前有了提高，但是其他群体的入学增长率却更高，而且更重要的是在巩固率方面。 男性黑人的毕业率也低于任何其他群体。1996 年，进入大学的男性黑人只有 35%在 6 年内完成学业毕业，相比之下，在同年入学者中，男性白人的毕业率是 59%，西班牙(或墨西哥)裔男性是 46%，印第安人男性是 41%，女性黑人是 45%。) 各项调查和报告都显示，美国的教育机制对男性黑人是不利的。有色人种学生只
23、有不到1/5 在中学毕业时，能在成绩报告单上获得完成大学预科课程的记录，用以“证明具备基本读写能力”这是“符合上大学条件”的基本要求。 另一个突出的问题是，黑人男性往往被过多地贴上不守纪律和行为不当的标签，因而常常受到开除和停学处分而被早早地逐出中学的校门。 美国教育委员会的威廉哈维说，问题似乎还不止这些。联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭，而学费却在上涨，这样一来，低收入学生要完成 4 年的学业，必须获得平均 2 万美元的贷款。 哈维说，“对于经济条件较差的学生来说，能不能得到财政帮助决定着谁能进入大学、谁不能进入大学。”哈维指出，联邦基金的流向在过去几十年里发生了“彻底逆转”：20 年前的
24、补助信贷比是 70%比 30%，现在的比数恰好前后掉过来。“和过去相比，一位 18 岁的男青年更有可能说，我希望现在口袋里有钱，所以想先找一份工作干，”哈维补充道。“但多数是先贷款，当非全日制学生，每周打 20 多个小时的工，结果用 5 年的时间读完 4 年制的大学。” 如果考查一下那些能读完中学、继而读完学士甚至硕士的黑人男性，那么，这种教育机制的弊端就特别清楚地表现出来。 根据最近公布的一项人口普查报告，不论持有中学文凭还是大学文凭，黑人男性的薪水要比白人男性的薪水低大约 25%。 采分点解析 1. There is an ever-widening gap between black m
25、ale college enrollees and their female and white counterparts，says the American Council on Education (ACE). 美国教育委员会报告，美国黑人男性的大学入学率与黑人女性及白人男性的大学入学率之间出现了越来越大的差距。 分析 理解表达采分点。gap，这里表示“差距”。counterpart 原指“相似的人或物”，这里应该指“相同的入学者”。 2So while there are more black males enrolling in college today than 20 years
26、ago，other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and，even more importantly，in retention rates. 这就是说，虽然男性黑人的大学入学率比之 20 年前有了提高，但是其他群体的入学增长率却更高，而且更重要的是在巩固率方面。 分析 理解表达采分点。 介词短语 in retention rates 可以翻译成“在巩固率方面”。groups 指“群体”。 3Only 35 percent of black males enrollees graduated within six years from col
27、leges in 1996，compared with 59 percent of white males，46 percent of Hispanic men，41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year. 1996 年，进入大学的男性黑人只有 35%在 6 年内完成学业毕业，相比之下，在同年入学者中，男性白人的毕业率是59%，西班牙(或墨西哥)裔男性是 46%，印第安人男性是 41%，女性黑人是 45%。 分析 理解结构采分点。句中的 Only
28、35 percent of black males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996 可以翻成一个小句，后面由 compared with 引导的过去分词短语译成另外一个小句，其中包含的定语从句 who entered the same year 放在 compared.的最开头先进行翻译，并把定语从句转译成状语。 4Surveys and reports are hinting that the countrys educational apparatus is stacked against the bla
29、ck male. 各项调查和报告都显示，美国的教育机制对男性黑人是不利的。 分析 理解表达采分点。 stack against sb. 指“使事情、情况)对某人不利”。hint 指“暗示，示意”，所以译成“显示”。短语 the countrys educational apparatus 中的 country 实际指的是“美国”，所以，这里不译成“国家”。 5Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school，have a set of college-prep courses on their hi
30、gh school transcripts and “demonstrate basic literacy” the necessities for being “college ready.”有色人种学生只有不到五分之一在中学毕业时，能在成绩报告单上获得完成大学预科课程的记录，用以“证明具备基本读写能力”这是“符合上大学条件”的基本要求。 分析 理解表达采分点。 Fewer than one in five 中的 fewer 要译出来“不到”。color 指的是“肤色”，因此译成有色人种的(学生)。短语 the necessities for being “college ready”放在破
31、折号后面了，可以单独翻译成一句话“这是符合上大学条件的基本要求”。 6Another glaring problem is that black males are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions. 另一个突出的问题是，黑人男性往往被过多地贴上不守纪律和行为不当的标签，因而常常受到开除和停学处分而被早早地逐出中学的校门。 分析 选词用词采分点。 glari
32、ng，本义为“耀眼的”，这里用 glaring 形容 problem，应该指“比较突出的”问题较为合适。disproportionately 指“不成比例的，不相称的”，根据该句的意思，该词应该指与事实不完全相符的，考虑到黑人在美国受到的种族歧视，这个词引申翻译成“过多的”更合适。 7As if thats not enough，says ACEs William Harvey，theres a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money coupled with jacked-up tuitions，which make
33、 it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20，000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum. 美国教育委员会的威廉哈维说，问题似乎还不止这些。联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭，而学费却在上涨，这样一来，低收入学生要完成 4 年的学业，必须获得平均 2 万美元的贷款。 分析 理解结构采分点。 这个复合句可以翻成两个独立的句子。As if thats not enough，says ACEs William Harvey 译成一个句子。后面部分可以译成三个小分句：theres a
34、virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money 译成“联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭”；jacked-up tuitions 译成“学费却在上涨”；后面的非限定性定语从句 which make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20，000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum 译成一个条件句“这样一来，低收入学生要完成 4年的学业，必须获得平均 2 万美元的贷款”。dry up 指“干涸，枯竭”。jac
35、k up 指“顶起，托起”，在这里实际应指“逐渐增加”。 8“For those in the lower economic category，the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to college and who doesnt，”bserves Harvey. 哈维说，“对于经济条件较差的学生来说，能不能得到财政帮助决定着谁能进入大学、谁不能进入大学。” 分析 选词用词采分点。 category 指“分类，范畴”，因为在谈论学生的经济条件对学业的影响，所以，和前面的两个单词一起理解，译成“经济条件较差的”即
36、可。 9Harvey points out that，over the years，federal funding has undergone a“complete reversal，” from“a 70percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago”to the exact opposite today. 哈维指出，联邦基金的流向在过去几十年里发生了“彻底逆转”：20 年前的补助信贷比是 70%比 30%，现在的比数恰好前后掉过来。 分析 理解表达采分点。 句中的 70%to 30%是和后面的 grant-to-loan 相对应
37、的，即 70%的补助金和 30%的贷款。 10The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who perseverethose who go on to finish high school，earn a bachelors degree and even finish grad school. 如果考查一下那些能读完中学、继而读完学士甚至硕士的黑人男性，那么，这种教育机制的弊端就特别清楚地表现出来。 分析 理解结构采分点及理解表达采分点。 原句中
38、含有状语从句、定语从句，翻译时可以译成一个条件句。句中的 when 译成“如果”。apparatus，指“器械，设备，仪器；机构，机关、政党的基层组织，地下活动组织”，这里应该选用后者。即“组织、机制”。inequity 指“不公平，不公正”，可以直译，虽然“不公正”是教育体制的一个现象，而文章在谈论美国的整个教育体制，所以，用一个概括性的词语“弊端”会更好。 11A recently released Census report shows that，whether they have a high school diploma or a masters degree，black men w
39、ill earn roughly 25 percent less than Whites. 根据最近公布的一项人口普查报告，不论持有中学文凭还是大学文凭，黑人男性的薪水要比白人男性的薪水低大约 25%。 分析 基本素质采分点。 “人口普查报告”为常用报刊词汇。二、BSection Chine(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.北京上周宣布人民币不再盯住美元，给全球货币、债券和商品市场带来冲击波。北京新的影响力由此清晰可见。 通过购买国库券，中国向美国消费者和政府提供着廉价资金。如果人民币转而盯住一篮子货币导致中国减持美元资产，那么美国的债券收益率可能就会上升。美国的中国抨击者们要求人民币再上调
40、25%或者更多，他们这下应该小心了。这种大幅重新定值一定会将债券收益率推向一个更高的水平，从而严重损害美国经济。其实，如果说调整人民币币值会对美国的贸易逆差产生什么实际影响，那不会是通过重新定值本身，而是因为债券收益率升高压缩了国内需求。 美国的贸易逆差主要是开支过度和储蓄不足引起的，并非源自中国的不公平竞争。如果说美国贸易逆差的责任中国也有份儿，那不是通过压低汇率，而是通过降低债券收益率从而刺激家庭过度借贷和开支。从这个角度看，现在制定全球货币政策的是北京，而不是华盛顿。（分数：40.00）_正确答案：()解析：Beijing announced last week that the Ren
41、minbi (RMB) yuan would no longer be pegged to the US dollar, which brought shockwaves to global currency, bond and commodity markets. Beijings new influence was clear from it. China has provided cheap finance to Americas consumers and its government by buying Treasury bonds. If the switch to a curre
42、ncy basket causes China to reduce its new purchases of dollar assets, then American bond yields could rise. Americas China bashers, who demand a further RMB revaluation of 25% or more, should therefore be careful. Such a large-scale revaluation would surely push bond yields higher and badly hurt Ame
43、ricas economy. Indeed, if the yuans adjustment has any real impact on Americas trade deficit, it will not be through the revaluation itself, but because higher bond yields squeeze domestic demand. Americas trade deficit is due mainly to excessive spending and inadequate saving, not to unfair Chinese
44、 competition. If China has contributed to Americas deficit it is not through its undervalued exchange rate, but by holding down bond yields and so fuelling excessive household borrowing and spending. From this point of view, global monetary policy is now made in Beijing, not Washington. 采分点解析 1北京上周宣
45、布人民币不再盯住美元，给全球货币、债券和商品市场带来冲击波。Beijing announced last week that the Renminbi (RMB) yuan would no longer be pegged to the us dollar，which brought shockwaves to global currency，bond and commodity markets. 分析 基本素质采分点。 “国库券”是常用时事词汇，可译成 treasury bill，treasury bonds，exchequer bill。“盯住”应该用 peg。 2如果人民币转而盯住一篮
46、子货币导致中国减持美元资产，那么美国的债券收益率可能就会上升。If the switch to a currency basket causes China to reduce its new purchases of dollar assets，then American bond yields could rise. 分析 理解表达采分点。 “人民币转而盯住一篮子货币”译成名词性短语做主语，其中的动词“转、盯”也相应译成名词，这样使句子更简洁。“一篮子货币”是常用时事词汇，可译为 a currency basket，也可译为 a basket currency。“债券收益率”译为bond
47、yields，也可译为 yield rate of bonds 或者 bond rate of return。 3其实，如果说调整人民币币值会对美国的贸易逆差产生什么实际影响，那不会是通过重新定值本身，而是因为升高压缩了国内需求。Indeed，if the yuans adjustment has any real impact on Americas trade deficit，it will not be through the revaluation itself，but because higher bond yields squeeze domestic demand. 分析 选词用
48、词采分点及基本素质采分点。 “压缩”实际的含义是“挤压”，所以，译成squeeze。贸易逆差“trade deficit”，债券收益率“bond yields”是常用词汇。 4如果说美国贸易逆差的责任中国也有份儿，那不是通过压低汇率，而是通过降低债券收益率从而刺激家庭过度借贷和开支。If China has contributed to Americas deficit，it is not through its undervalued exchange rate，but by holding down bond yields and so fuelling excessive household borrowing and spending. 分析 理解结构采分点。 译文结构与原文结构基本相同，“压低汇率”不译成动宾结构，而是译成形容词修饰名词 undervalued exchange ra
