1、翻译三级笔译实务-22 及答案解析(总分：41.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percent of pup
2、ils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents.Many, aged 3-4 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, reception classes in primary schools). Pre-school education may also be provided in some priva
3、te day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents).The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is providing free
4、nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with private and voluntary providers, have drawn up “early years development plans“ for securing
5、these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools call best serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated wi
6、th early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish “early excellence centers“ designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare.In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from Au- gust 1
7、998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998.Northern Ireland has a lower c
8、ompulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards, other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school pl
9、aces.（分数：1.00）_二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.地球上散落分散着一百多个互不相连且面积不大的火山活动区，被地质学家称为热区。与大多数火山不同的是，它们都不位于形成地球表面的巨大漂移板块的连接处，许多反倒藏于板块的深处。大多数热区移动极其缓慢，有时，板块滑过这些热区，便留下死火山的痕迹。热区及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。板块漂移现在已是无可争辩的了。以非洲和南美洲为例，由于有新物质嵌入洋底，两个大陆距离越来越远。虽然远隔大洋，但相互吻合的海岸线和好像跨越过海的地质特征，会使人想到这两个大陆曾是连成一片的。带着两个大陆漂移的板块做相对运动，
10、这已得到详细说明，但不能把一个板块相对于另一板块的运动简单地解释为板块与地球内部之间的运动。人们还不能确定两个大陆是否在朝相反的方向运动，也不能确定是否是一个大陆原地不动，另一个大陆正在离它而去。位于地壳深处的热区提供了解决这一问题的测量仪。从热区的人口情况分析来看，似乎非洲板块是固定的，三千万年过去了也没有移动。（分数：40.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-22 答案解析(总分：41.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Parents are required by law to see that their children re
11、ceive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents.Many, age
12、d 3-4 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, reception classes in primary schools). Pre-school education may also be provided in some private day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents).The Government has stated its commitment to a ma
13、jor expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is providing free nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision f
14、or 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with private and voluntary providers, have drawn up “early years development plans“ for securing these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools call best serve
15、the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish “early excellen
16、ce centers“ designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare.In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from Au- gust 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private p
17、roviders. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998.Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, underta
18、ken through partnership between the education and library boards, other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school places.（分数：1.00）_正确答案：(按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在 5岁至 16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为 4岁至 16岁。大约 93%的学生享受公家提供经费的免费教育，其他学生上独立学校，这种学校
19、靠学生家长缴费来筹措经费。许多三、四岁的孩子上幼儿园和幼儿班(在英格兰还有小学校里的小班)。某些民办的日托幼儿园和学前游戏小组(大都是家长组织的)也提供学前教育。政府已作出承诺，要大力发展学前教育，使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候在识字和识数方面都有一点基础。在英格兰和威尔土，政府从 1998年 9月开始为所有 4岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育，如果他们的父母需要的话。政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。为达到这些目标，地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出“早期教育发展计划”。制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长服务。从 1
20、999年 4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。此外，政府还在英格兰与地方当局以及其它部门合作建立“优秀早期教育中心”，以展示教育与儿童保健方面的好的做法。在苏格兰，地方教育当局一直领导这方面的工作。1998 年 8月以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。政府计划在 1998年冬季前使所有的儿童在上学前一年享受到良好的非全日制教育。北爱尔兰义务教育入学年龄较低，为 4岁，每年 9月学生按统一日期入学。一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已经增加了学前教育学生的名额。
21、)解析：解析 1see that 务必使，保证，注意，专心分析 理解结构采分点。短语 see that：make sure；take care 务必使，保证，注意，专心在本文中表示“要确保，(务必)使”2full-time education 全日制教育分析 基本素质采分点。full-time(工作、学习等)全部规定时间；(足球等的)比赛结束full-time education是固定的专有名词，要用公认的名称来译。对照part-time education 非全日制教育；compulsory education 义务教育； free education 免费教育3Parents are re
22、quired by law to see that their children receive full-time education，at school or elsewhere，between the ages of 5 and 16 in England，Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在 5岁至 16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为 4岁至 16岁。分析 理解结构采分点。此句是个复合句。主句是个被动语态结构，that 引导一个宾语从句
23、，之后又分别带有地点状语和时间状语。要分析其语法结构来理解词义，但翻译时要根据汉语的语言习惯来译，词序也要作相应的调整：汉译时，英语中的一些状语可放到主句之前，被动语态有时在汉语中不必译出。4About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds，while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents大约 93%的学生享受公家提供经费的免费教育，其他学生上独立学校，这种学校靠学生家长缴费来筹措经费。分析 理解结构采分点
24、。这是一个由连词 while连接的并列句。independent schools 后有分词短语 financed by fees paid by parents，可将句子断开来译。另外还要注意英语中有些词用法很活，要根据上下文的不同而变换译法和词性；此外还要根据汉语习惯来扩展释义，将话说完整。本句中的 receive译成“享受”，from 不要译成“来自”而是译成“由”，中间可增加“提供的”，funds 可译成“投资或经费”；前半句即可译成：享受由公家(政府)提供的免费教育。finance 在此不是名词“财政，金融”，而是动词，译成“负担经费”，fees paid by parents 译成：
25、靠学生家长交费。5The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy政府已作出承诺，要大力发展学前教育，使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候在识字和识数方面都有一点基础。分析 理解结构采分点。翻译此句时要根据汉语的语言习惯来译，词性要作相应的转换，如将名词译作动词：a major expansion of pr
26、e-school education大力发展学前教育；介词译作动词，而将原来的动词不定式译成介词短语：wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候都有一点基础。并将 in literacy and numeracy 译作“在识字和识数方面”。6and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。分析 用词选词采分点。根据上下文 stag
27、ed targets在此译作：分阶段实现的目标。7Local education authorities，in partnership with private and voluntary providers，have drawn up“early years development plans”for securing these objectives，地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出“早期教育发展计划”。分析 用词选词采分点。in partnership with在此译作：与合作；providers 供应者，提供者，在此译作“志愿(协助政府的)办学者”。8The plans ar
28、e designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries，playgroups and schools can best serve the interests of children and their parents制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长服务。分析 理解结构采分点。英译汉时，经常根据汉语的习惯把英语的被动语态转为主动或反过来。本句应译为：制订这类计划旨在表明。9From April 1999，early years development partnerships
29、and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education从 1999年 4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。分析 理解结构采分点。本句中的 integrated with early education是分词短语作定语，在翻译时只需将它放到所修饰的中心词前即可，(提供)与早期教育相结合的(儿童保健)。10In Scotland，local education authorities have been taking the le
30、ading role，from August 1998，in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places，working in partnership with voluntary and private providers在苏格兰，地方教育当局一直领导这方面的工作。1998年 8月以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。分析 理解结构采分点。本句虽是个简单句，但带有许多短语(状语)：我们翻译时，常常将这些短语转化成汉语中的句子，同时注意为了意思的连贯和通顺，要变换
31、译法和顺序。如上面：in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places， working in partnership with voluntary and private providers可译成：(他们)与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。11The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part- time education by the w
32、inter of 1998分析 用词选词采分点。access to 有权使用，常与 get, have，give 等词连用，在此 give access to可译作：使享受到。12Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year北爱尔兰义务教育入学年龄较低，为 4岁，每年 9月学生按统一日期入学。分析 理解结构采分点。此句又为转性译法_在翻译过程中将原文的词性进行转换。将原文中的形容词 lower变成副词“较低”，将名词短语译
33、成动词短语：a single school entry date 按统一日期入学。13A pre-school education expansion programme，undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards，other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors，has provided additional pre-school places一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前
34、教育发展计划已经增加了学前教育学生的名额。分析 理解结构采分点。(参见上面第九句)本句是断句译法。句中的划线部分是个分词短语，在翻译时将它译成定语，并将它放到所修饰的中心词前即可。本句中 other statutory providers不译作“其它法定的提供者”，而是根据上下文译成“其它法定办学单位”。二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.地球上散落分散着一百多个互不相连且面积不大的火山活动区，被地质学家称为热区。与大多数火山不同的是，它们都不位于形成地球表面的巨大漂移板块的连接处，许多反倒藏于板块的深处。大多数热区移动极其缓慢，有时，板块滑过这些热区，
35、便留下死火山的痕迹。热区及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。板块漂移现在已是无可争辩的了。以非洲和南美洲为例，由于有新物质嵌入洋底，两个大陆距离越来越远。虽然远隔大洋，但相互吻合的海岸线和好像跨越过海的地质特征，会使人想到这两个大陆曾是连成一片的。带着两个大陆漂移的板块做相对运动，这已得到详细说明，但不能把一个板块相对于另一板块的运动简单地解释为板块与地球内部之间的运动。人们还不能确定两个大陆是否在朝相反的方向运动，也不能确定是否是一个大陆原地不动，另一个大陆正在离它而去。位于地壳深处的热区提供了解决这一问题的测量仪。从热区的人口情况分析来看，似乎非洲板块是固定的，三千万年过去了也没有移动。（分数：
36、40.00）_正确答案：(Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the worlds volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earths surface. On the contrary, many
37、 of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.That the plates are moving is not
38、 beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. Th
39、e relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite d
40、irections or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.)解析：
