1、翻译三级笔译实务-21 及答案解析(总分：61.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.There is an ever-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counterparts, says the American Council on Education (ACE).Twenty years ago, according to ACEs “Annual Status Report on Minorities
2、 in Higher Education,“ 30 percent of African American male high school graduates (ages 18 to 24) were enrolled in college, compared with 28 percent of same-age black females and 41 percent of white males.Now, some 37 percent of black men are enrolled, compared with 42 percent of African American wom
3、en and 44.5 percent of white males. So while there are more black males enrolling in college today than 20 years ago, other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and, even more importantly, in retention rates.The graduation rate of black men is lower than that of any group. Only 35 percent of bl
4、ack males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996, compared with 59 percent of white males, 46 percent of Hispanic men, 41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year.Surveys and reports are hinting that the countrys educational app
5、aratus is stacked against the black male. Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school, have a set of college-prep courses on their high school transcripts and “demonstrate basic literacy“ - the necessities for being “college ready.“Another glaring problem is that black m
6、ales are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions.As if thats not enough, says ACEs William Harvey, theres a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money coupled with jacked-up tuitions, whic
7、h make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20,000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum.“For those in the lower economic category, the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to college and who doesnt,“ observes Harvey.Harvey points out that, over the years, fed
8、eral funding has undergone a “complete reversal,“ from “a 70 percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago“ to the exact opposite today.“An 18-year-old male will be more inclined to say, I want money in my pocket now and attempt to get a job,“ adds Harvey. “But many take on the debt, become
9、 part-time students, work 20-plus hours a week and become five-year students at a four-year college.“The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who persevere - those who go on to finish high school, earn a bachelors degree and even finish grad sch
10、ool.A recently released Census report shows that, whether they have a high school diploma or a masters degree, black men will earn roughly 25 percent less than Whites.（分数：60.00）_二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是， 50 年的发展已经极大地改变了其
11、昔日贫穷落后的面貌，西藏人民生活质量大大提高。社会经济的发展极大地丰富了人民的物质文化生活。2000 年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机、摩托车、手表等消费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。不少富裕起来的农牧民盖起了新房，有的还购买了汽车。西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。广播、电视、通信、互联网等现代信息传递手段已深入到人民群众的日常生活。绝大多数地区的百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解全国和全世界各地的新闻。当地百姓能够通过电话、电报、传真或互联网等手段获取信息资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。由于缺医少药状况
12、得到根本改变，人民群众的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的 35.5岁增加到现在的 67岁。（分数：1.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-21 答案解析(总分：61.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.There is an ever-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counterparts, says the American Council on Education (ACE).Twent
13、y years ago, according to ACEs “Annual Status Report on Minorities in Higher Education,“ 30 percent of African American male high school graduates (ages 18 to 24) were enrolled in college, compared with 28 percent of same-age black females and 41 percent of white males.Now, some 37 percent of black
14、men are enrolled, compared with 42 percent of African American women and 44.5 percent of white males. So while there are more black males enrolling in college today than 20 years ago, other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and, even more importantly, in retention rates.The graduation rate o
15、f black men is lower than that of any group. Only 35 percent of black males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996, compared with 59 percent of white males, 46 percent of Hispanic men, 41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year
16、.Surveys and reports are hinting that the countrys educational apparatus is stacked against the black male. Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school, have a set of college-prep courses on their high school transcripts and “demonstrate basic literacy“ - the necessities
17、 for being “college ready.“Another glaring problem is that black males are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions.As if thats not enough, says ACEs William Harvey, theres a virtual drying up of federal
18、aid-to-education grant money coupled with jacked-up tuitions, which make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20,000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum.“For those in the lower economic category, the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to college and who do
19、esnt,“ observes Harvey.Harvey points out that, over the years, federal funding has undergone a “complete reversal,“ from “a 70 percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago“ to the exact opposite today.“An 18-year-old male will be more inclined to say, I want money in my pocket now and atte
20、mpt to get a job,“ adds Harvey. “But many take on the debt, become part-time students, work 20-plus hours a week and become five-year students at a four-year college.“The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who persevere - those who go on to fi
21、nish high school, earn a bachelors degree and even finish grad school.A recently released Census report shows that, whether they have a high school diploma or a masters degree, black men will earn roughly 25 percent less than Whites.（分数：60.00）_正确答案：(美国教育委员会报告，美国黑人男性的大学入学率与黑人女性及白人男性的大学入学率之间出现了越来越大的差距
22、。根据美国教育委员会关于高校少数民族学生状况年度报告，20 年前，30%的男性黑人中学毕业生(18-24 岁)进入大学，与此相比，同龄女性黑人是 28%，男性白人是 41%。现在，男性黑人的大学入学率上升为 37%，而女性黑人为 42%，男性白人为 44.5%。这就是说，虽然男性黑人的大学入学率比之 20年前有了提高，但是其他群体的入学增长率却更高，而且更重要的是在巩固率方面。男性黑人的毕业率也低于任何其他群体。1996 年，进入大学的男性黑人只有 35%在 6年内完成学业毕业，相比之下，在同年入学者中，男性白人的毕业率是 59%，西班牙(或墨西哥)裔男性是 46%，印第安人男性是 41%，女
23、性黑人是 45%。)各项调查和报告都显示，美国的教育机制对男性黑人是不利的。有色人种学生只有不到 1/5在中学毕业时，能在成绩报告单上获得完成大学预科课程的记录，用以“证明具备基本读写能力”这是“符合上大学条件”的基本要求。另一个突出的问题是，黑人男性往往被过多地贴上不守纪律和行为不当的标签，因而常常受到开除和停学处分而被早早地逐出中学的校门。美国教育委员会的威廉哈维说，问题似乎还不止这些。联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭，而学费却在上涨，这样一来，低收入学生要完成 4年的学业，必须获得平均 2万美元的贷款。哈维说，“对于经济条件较差的学生来说，能不能得到财政帮助决定着谁能进入大学、谁不能进
24、入大学。”哈维指出，联邦基金的流向在过去几十年里发生了“彻底逆转”：20 年前的补助信贷比是 70%比30%，现在的比数恰好前后掉过来。“和过去相比，一位 18岁的男青年更有可能说，我希望现在口袋里有钱，所以想先找一份工作干，”哈维补充道。“但多数是先贷款，当非全日制学生，每周打 20多个小时的工，结果用 5年的时间读完 4年制的大学。”如果考查一下那些能读完中学、继而读完学士甚至硕士的黑人男性，那么，这种教育机制的弊端就特别清楚地表现出来。根据最近公布的一项人口普查报告，不论持有中学文凭还是大学文凭，黑人男性的薪水要比白人男性的薪水低大约 25%。)解析：解析 1. There is an
25、ever-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counterparts，says the American Council on Education (ACE). 美国教育委员会报告，美国黑人男性的大学入学率与黑人女性及白人男性的大学入学率之间出现了越来越大的差距。分析 理解表达采分点。gap，这里表示“差距”。counterpart 原指“相似的人或物”，这里应该指“相同的入学者”。2So while there are more black males enrolling
26、in college today than 20 years ago，other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and，even more importantly，in retention rates. 这就是说，虽然男性黑人的大学入学率比之 20年前有了提高，但是其他群体的入学增长率却更高，而且更重要的是在巩固率方面。分析 理解表达采分点。介词短语 in retention rates 可以翻译成“在巩固率方面”。groups 指“群体”。3Only 35 percent of black males enrollees graduate
27、d within six years from colleges in 1996，compared with 59 percent of white males，46 percent of Hispanic men，41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year. 1996年，进入大学的男性黑人只有 35%在 6年内完成学业毕业，相比之下，在同年入学者中，男性白人的毕业率是59%，西班牙(或墨西哥)裔男性是 46%，印第安人男性是 41%，女性黑人是
28、45%。分析 理解结构采分点。句中的 Only 35 percent of black males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996可以翻成一个小句，后面由 compared with 引导的过去分词短语译成另外一个小句，其中包含的定语从句 who entered the same year 放在 compared.的最开头先进行翻译，并把定语从句转译成状语。4Surveys and reports are hinting that the countrys educational apparatus is s
29、tacked against the black male. 各项调查和报告都显示，美国的教育机制对男性黑人是不利的。分析 理解表达采分点。stack against sb. 指“使事情、情况)对某人不利”。hint 指“暗示，示意”，所以译成“显示”。短语 the countrys educational apparatus 中的 country 实际指的是“美国”，所以，这里不译成“国家”。5Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school，have a set of college-prep
30、courses on their high school transcripts and “demonstrate basic literacy” the necessities for being “college ready.”有色人种学生只有不到五分之一在中学毕业时，能在成绩报告单上获得完成大学预科课程的记录，用以“证明具备基本读写能力”这是“符合上大学条件”的基本要求。分析 理解表达采分点。Fewer than one in five 中的 fewer要译出来“不到”。color 指的是“肤色”，因此译成有色人种的(学生)。短语 the necessities for being “c
31、ollege ready”放在破折号后面了，可以单独翻译成一句话“这是符合上大学条件的基本要求”。6Another glaring problem is that black males are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions. 另一个突出的问题是，黑人男性往往被过多地贴上不守纪律和行为不当的标签，因而常常受到开除和停学处分而被早早地逐出中学的校门。分析
32、选词用词采分点。glaring，本义为“耀眼的”，这里用 glaring形容 problem，应该指“比较突出的”问题较为合适。disproportionately指“不成比例的，不相称的”，根据该句的意思，该词应该指与事实不完全相符的，考虑到黑人在美国受到的种族歧视，这个词引申翻译成“过多的”更合适。7As if thats not enough，says ACEs William Harvey，theres a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money coupled with jacked-up tuitions，
33、which make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20，000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum. 美国教育委员会的威廉哈维说，问题似乎还不止这些。联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭，而学费却在上涨，这样一来，低收入学生要完成 4年的学业，必须获得平均 2万美元的贷款。分析 理解结构采分点。这个复合句可以翻成两个独立的句子。As if thats not enough，says ACEs William Harvey 译成一个句子。后面部分可以译成三个小分句：the
34、res a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money 译成“联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭”；jacked-up tuitions 译成“学费却在上涨”；后面的非限定性定语从句 which make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20，000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum 译成一个条件句“这样一来，低收入学生要完成 4年的学业，必须获得平均 2万美元的贷款”。dry up 指“干涸，枯竭
35、”。jack up 指“顶起，托起”，在这里实际应指“逐渐增加”。8“For those in the lower economic category，the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to college and who doesnt，”bserves Harvey. 哈维说，“对于经济条件较差的学生来说，能不能得到财政帮助决定着谁能进入大学、谁不能进入大学。”分析 选词用词采分点。category 指“分类，范畴”，因为在谈论学生的经济条件对学业的影响，所以，和前面的两个单词一起理解，译成“经济条件较差的
36、”即可。9Harvey points out that，over the years，federal funding has undergone a“complete reversal，” from“a 70percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago”to the exact opposite today. 哈维指出，联邦基金的流向在过去几十年里发生了“彻底逆转”：20 年前的补助信贷比是 70%比 30%，现在的比数恰好前后掉过来。分析 理解表达采分点。句中的 70%to 30%是和后面的 grant-to-loan相对应的，
37、即 70%的补助金和 30%的贷款。10The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who perseverethose who go on to finish high school，earn a bachelors degree and even finish grad school. 如果考查一下那些能读完中学、继而读完学士甚至硕士的黑人男性，那么，这种教育机制的弊端就特别清楚地表现出来。分析 理解结构采分点及理解表达采分点。原句中含有状语从
38、句、定语从句，翻译时可以译成一个条件句。句中的 when译成“如果”。apparatus，指“器械，设备，仪器；机构，机关、政党的基层组织，地下活动组织”，这里应该选用后者。即“组织、机制”。inequity 指“不公平，不公正”，可以直译，虽然“不公正”是教育体制的一个现象，而文章在谈论美国的整个教育体制，所以，用一个概括性的词语“弊端”会更好。11A recently released Census report shows that，whether they have a high school diploma or a masters degree，black men will ear
39、n roughly 25 percent less than Whites. 根据最近公布的一项人口普查报告，不论持有中学文凭还是大学文凭，黑人男性的薪水要比白人男性的薪水低大约 25%。分析 基本素质采分点。“人口普查报告”为常用报刊词汇。二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是， 50 年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌，西藏人民生活质量大大提高。社会经济的发展极大地丰富了人民的物质文化生活。2000 年，西藏全区
40、各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机、摩托车、手表等消费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。不少富裕起来的农牧民盖起了新房，有的还购买了汽车。西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。广播、电视、通信、互联网等现代信息传递手段已深入到人民群众的日常生活。绝大多数地区的百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解全国和全世界各地的新闻。当地百姓能够通过电话、电报、传真或互联网等手段获取信息资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。由于缺医少药状况得到根本改变，人民群众的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的 35.5岁增加到现在的 67岁。
41、（分数：1.00）_正确答案：(Tibet, located on the “Roof of the World“, is still an underdeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom. However, the development of Tibet in the past 50 years has greatl
42、y changed its former poor and backward look, and the Tibetan peoples living standards have greatly improved. Social and economic development has enriched the peoples material and cultural life remarkably. In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty, and had enough t
43、o eat and wear. Some of them began to live a better-off life. Along with the improvement in the peoples livelihood, consumer goods such as refrigerators, color TV sets, washing machines, motorcycles and wristwatches have entered more and more ordinary homes. Many well-off farmers and herdsmen have b
44、uilt new houses. Some have even bought automobiles. Currently, Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country. Radio, television, telecommunications, the Internet and other modem information transmission means are now part of daily life in Tibet. News about various parts of the country and t
45、he world now reach most people in Tibet by radio and TV. Local people can obtain information from and make contacts with other parts of the country and the world through telephone, telegram, fax or the Internet. The Tibetan peoples health has also improved substantially, because the situation featur
46、ing a lack of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally. The average life expectancy of the Tibetan people has increased from 35.5 years in the 1950s to 67 years presently.)解析：解析 1由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。Tibet，located on the“Roof of the World”，is st
47、ill an underdeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom分析 理解表达采分点。本句采用的是并句技巧，把汉语中的四个语言单位合译成英语的一个句子；汉译英时注意利用分词、介词、连词、不定式、从句和独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句。另外将“世界屋脊”译成 the“Roof of the World”。22000 年，西藏全区各
48、族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty， and had enough to eat and wearSome of them began to live a better-off life分析 用词选词采分点。“各族人民”应泽为：various ethnic groups“摆脱贫困，实现温饱”应译为：shook off poverty，and had enough to eat and wear“生活达到了小康水平”应译为：live a better-off life3西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。Currently，Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country分析 用词选词采分点。“处于
