1、翻译三级笔译实务-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.As the importance of recycling becomes more apparent, questions about it linger. Is it worth the effort? How does it work? Is recycling waste just going into a landfill in China? Here are some answers.It is an awful lot of
2、rubbish. Since 1960 the amount of municipal waste being collected in America has nearly tripled, reaching 245m tonnes in 2005. According to European Union statistics, the amount of municipal waste produced in western Europe increased by 23% between 1995 and 2003, to reach 577kg per person. (So much
3、for the plan to reduce waste per person to 300kg by 2000.) As the volume of waste has increased, so have recycling efforts. In 1980 America recycled only 9.6% of its municipal rubbish ; today the rate stands at 32%. A similar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the
4、 Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste. Britains recycling rate, at 27%, is low, but it is improving fast, having nearly doubled in the past three years.Even so, when a city introduces a kerbside recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around c
5、an raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves. “We are constantly being asked: Is recycling worth doing on environmental grounds?“ says Julian Parfitt, principal analyst at Waste and although incinerators are not as polluting as
6、 they once were, they still produce noxious emissions, so people dislike having them around.) But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving in energy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollution that result when scrap materials are substituted for virgin feed-stock. “If you
7、 can use recycled materials, you dont have to mine ores, cut trees and drill for oil as much,“ says Jeffrey Morris of Sound Resource Management, a consulting firm based in Olympia, Washington.Extracting metals from ore, in particular, is extremely energy-intensive. Recycling aluminium, for example,
8、can reduce energy consumption by as much as 95%. Savings for other materials are lower but still substantial: about 70% for plastics, 60% for steel, 40% for paper and 30% for glass. Recycling also reduces emissions of pollutants that can cause smog, acid rain and the conta-mination of waterways.（分数：
9、60.00）_二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。“我已有多年没有写诗了，”她微笑说，“可是我还是爱读好诗。”冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并披学生会任命负责宣传工作。她写了诗歌，文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。
10、她在 1923 年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是寄小读者。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。（分数：40.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-18 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.As the importance of recycling becomes more apparent, questions about it linger. Is it wo
11、rth the effort? How does it work? Is recycling waste just going into a landfill in China? Here are some answers.It is an awful lot of rubbish. Since 1960 the amount of municipal waste being collected in America has nearly tripled, reaching 245m tonnes in 2005. According to European Union statistics,
12、 the amount of municipal waste produced in western Europe increased by 23% between 1995 and 2003, to reach 577kg per person. (So much for the plan to reduce waste per person to 300kg by 2000.) As the volume of waste has increased, so have recycling efforts. In 1980 America recycled only 9.6% of its
13、municipal rubbish ; today the rate stands at 32%. A similar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste. Britains recycling rate, at 27%, is low, but it is improving fast, having nearly doubled in the past t
14、hree years.Even so, when a city introduces a kerbside recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves. “We are constantly being asked: Is recycling wo
15、rth doing on environmental grounds?“ says Julian Parfitt, principal analyst at Waste and although incinerators are not as polluting as they once were, they still produce noxious emissions, so people dislike having them around.) But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving in ener
16、gy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollution that result when scrap materials are substituted for virgin feed-stock. “If you can use recycled materials, you dont have to mine ores, cut trees and drill for oil as much,“ says Jeffrey Morris of Sound Resource Management, a consulting firm bas
17、ed in Olympia, Washington.Extracting metals from ore, in particular, is extremely energy-intensive. Recycling aluminium, for example, can reduce energy consumption by as much as 95%. Savings for other materials are lower but still substantial: about 70% for plastics, 60% for steel, 40% for paper and
18、 30% for glass. Recycling also reduces emissions of pollutants that can cause smog, acid rain and the conta-mination of waterways.（分数：60.00）_正确答案：(回收利用之真相随着回收利用的重要性日渐凸显，关于这方面的问题也日益叠加：值得这么做吗?如何进行操作?在中国，回收的垃圾都涌向垃圾场吗?以下是一些相关答案。垃圾的数量真是惊人之多。自从 1960 年以来，美国市区收集到的垃圾总量几乎翻了三倍，到 2005 年达到了 245 万吨之多。根据欧盟数据显示，西欧国
19、家市区产生的垃圾数量在 1995 年至 2003 年之间增长了23%。人均产生垃圾量高达 577 公斤(远远超过了当时到 2000 年人均垃圾量为 300 公斤的计划量)。随着垃圾总量的增加，垃圾回收利用所做的努力也显得日益重要。1980 年，美国市区垃圾的回收率仅为 9.6%，但今天垃圾的回收率已达 32%。欧洲国家也呈现出相应趋势，例如奥地利和荷兰，他们现在的垃圾回收率已达 60%或以上。英国的垃圾回收率目前只有 27%，但其回收率快速增长，在过去三年里几乎翻了两番。尽管如此，当城市启动路边垃圾回收项目后，满大街垃圾车竞相奔走的情景不禁引起人们的怀疑：垃圾回收后可利用的能源是否远不抵收集和
20、运输这些垃圾所消耗的能源?英国废物及资源行动计划组织的首席分析员朱迪帕菲说道：“常常有人问我们：回收真的有益于环境保护吗?”该组织是英国一家非盈利性组织，提倡回收理念并努力开拓回收市场。关于特定事物生命周期的研究，以一特定事例便可以阐明这一问题。但是，英国废物及资源行动计划组织决定一探究竟，它委托丹麦技术大学和丹麦废物主题中心对 55 篇相关生命周期分析报告进行再次研究。这 55 篇报告均因其精确分析的特点而被选出重新研究。接着，研究人员研读了 200 多个研究方案，并将回收垃圾与掩埋或焚烧特殊种类的废弃物两者各自所产生的影响进行比较。结果他们发现 83%关于回收的方案中确实证明回收有益于环境
21、。在这项研究的基础上，英国废物及资源行动计划组织得出以下结论：英国对废弃物的回收每年减少了10001500 万吨二氧化碳的排放量。相当于英国每年汽车的二氧化碳排放量减少了 10%，或者大致相当于英国公路上少了 350 万辆汽车。无独有偶，据美国环境保护局估计，到 2005 年，回收将使美国碳氧化物排放量减少 4900 万吨。回收还有其他诸多益处：保护自然资源；减少掩埋和焚烧废弃物总量。掩埋和焚烧废弃物根本算不上是理想的垃圾处理方式。(垃圾场占据了宝贵的土地资源，并产生甲烷一种破坏力极强的温室气体；尽管现在垃圾堆污染严重程度有所改善，但它们依然产生有毒气体，因此，人们讨厌周围有垃圾场的存在)，但
22、回收的最大益处也许就在于能源的节约，温室气体和废品转换成原料过程中所产生的污染物的减少。来自华盛顿奥林匹亚一家咨询公司优化能源管理部门的杰弗里莫里斯如是说道：如果都能使用回收利用的材料，我们大可不必大肆挖掘矿物、砍伐树木和开采石油钻井。尤其，从矿中冶炼金属是一个极其消耗能量的过程。就拿铝金属的回收来说，它能节约高达 95%的能源消耗。其他物质回收的能源节约比例相对较小一些，但其总量也很可观：塑料回收能源节约达 70%，钢铁回收能源节约约达 60%，纸质回收节能约达 40%，而玻璃回收节能则约达 30%。回收利用同时还减少那些能造成大雾、酸雨和排水沟污染的污染物排放量。)解析：解析 1. A s
23、imilar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste.译句 欧洲国家也呈现出相应趋势，例如奥地利和荷兰，他们现在的垃圾回收率已达 60%或更高。句子结构分析 该句主干为“A similar trend can be seen in Europe.”where 引导定语从句，修饰Europe; such as 后引导的内容为插入语。2. Even so, when
24、a city introduces a kerbside recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves.译句 尽管如此，当城市启动路边垃圾回收项目后，满大街垃圾车竞相奔走的情景不禁引起人们的怀疑：垃圾回收后可利用的能源是否远不抵收集和运输这些垃圾所消
25、耗的能源?句子结构分析 该句主干为“the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts.”；when 引导时间状语从句；whether 引导宾语从句，作 doubts about 的宾语。3. But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving in energy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollution that result when scrap mate
26、rials are substituted for virgin feedstock译句 但回收的最大益处也许就在于能源的节约，温室气体和废品转换成原料过程中所产生的污染物的减少。句子结构分析 该句主干为“But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving.”；that 引导定语从句；when 引导时间状语从句。二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下
27、她是怎样成为诗人的。“我已有多年没有写诗了，”她微笑说，“可是我还是爱读好诗。”冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并披学生会任命负责宣传工作。她写了诗歌，文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。她在 1923 年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是寄小读者。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰心的作品使
28、他们走上了其后所走的道路。（分数：40.00）_正确答案：(It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins house, i felt very excited, I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I havent w
29、ritten poetry for many years,“ she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.“Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a womens college in Beijing in 1919, an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the
30、 May 4th Movement, a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems, articles and stories, attacking imperialism and feud
31、alism in its various forms.Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature, she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame, not only because she was a woman writer, but also because of the
32、 noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xins writings that started them on the road they have since followed.)解析：解析 1向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthda
33、y. So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins house, I felt very excited.分析 理解表达采分点。原文是四个单句。译成英语时，要根据英语的语法结构和语言习惯进行调整，本句采用并句的技巧将之译为两个句子。前两个单句译为用形式主语 it 代替主语从句的结构：It isnt often that. 后两句用顺译法 So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins house, I felt very excited.2我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的
34、。I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about bow she became a poet.分析 理解表达采分点。本句用顺译的方法即可，但翻译时需根据英语习惯采用增词技巧，汉语中所用动词在翻译过程中要通过主从复合句的层次来体现：原文中的“解释说”、“希望”、“讲一下”、“成为”译作 I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet.3冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。Bing Xin was fortunat
35、e to have parents who encouraged her to study and write.分析 理解表达采分点。汉语中常将定语放在所修饰的中心词前，之间用“的”连接，而在英语中定语常用一个从句来表达，因此本句中的“鼓励她学习和写作的父母”可译作 parents who encouraged her to study and write。4一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。When she was attending a womens college in Beijing in l919, an event occurred which
36、changed the whole course of her life.分析 理解表达采分点。本句要采用补译法，因为“改变了她生命的事件”指的是“当时发生的”，所以在译文中按英语习惯加入了 occurred，句子结构也因此有所变化。5五四运动 the May 4th Movement分析 基本素质采分点。五四运动是个专有名词。6她在 1923 年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature, she wrote down her impressions on the way and durin
37、g her stay there.分析 理解表达采分点。原文是两个单句。译成英语时，要根据英语的语法结构和语言习惯进行调整，本句采用并句法将之译为一个句子，前面一句用分词短语作状语，后面一句作主句。7这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。The book brought her instant fame, not only because she was a woman writer, but also because of the noble sentiments in the book.分析 理解表达采分点。本句可用并句法翻译。因后面的两个单句表原因，可作状浯从句；并将之与前面一个句子合并成一个复合句，使得句子结构更为严谨，更符合英语习惯。
