1、翻译三级笔译实务-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1: English-C(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.The proportion of children in America who are overweight has tripled over the past 20 years and now exceeds 17% , according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The health problems that this causes inc
2、lude hypertension and type-2 diabetes, formerly known only among the nations overweight adult population. A group sponsored by the National Institute on Ageing has warned that this may be the first generation ever to have a shorter lifespan than their parents.All the while, the proportion of childre
3、n who take part in daily exercise at high school has dropped from 42% in 1991 to only 28% in 2004, according to the CDC. Snacking has greatly in-creased; the Government Accountability Office found in 2003 that 99% of Americas high schools now sell snacks and other food as well as providing lunches.I
4、n an attempt to get the problem tackled at local level, Congress in 2004 passed an act directing school districts that get money from the national school-lunch programme to create “wellness“ policies by the start of the 2006-07 school year. The districts were told to set standards for nutrition, phy
5、sical activity and education about good food, then make sure that schools actually implement them.One year after the deadline, the results are haphazard. School districts plans range from a few paragraphs long to more than 25 pages. Some states, like Texas and Arkansas, have pre-emptively set standa
6、rds for school districts under their jurisdiction, forcing schools to ban fizzy drinks and junk food while increasing the amount of exercise the pupils take. Others offer guidelines rather than man-dates, with no repercussions for schools that dont comply. And in some areas, schools are being eased
7、into change very slowly. Oregons legislature passed a bill in June that gives its schools ten years to meet its new physical-education requirements.Last October the School Nutrition Association (SNA), a pressure group, analysed health policies from the 100 largest school districts in the country, wh
8、ich account for almost a quarter of the nations primary-and-secondary-school students. Many districts had indeed created guidelines for nutrition education, physical activity and school food, as required, but the rules tended to be fairly broad. Some policies merely defaulted to the state recommenda
9、tions and some to the federal governments minimal requirements. The physical-activity guidelines were also varied; only 62% of schools made physical education obligatory.Action for Healthy Kids, another schools-oriented NGO, also looked at a smattering of policies last year. Of the 112 districts it
10、analysed, only 30% specified a time requirement for physical-edu-cation classes and 42% offered only general guidelines for the sort of food and drink allowed to be sold in the schools. Cafeterias where nachos, French fries and cookies are tucked alongside salads, juice and fresh fruit do not encour
11、age children to eat well.The SNA has now done a follow-up. It found that less than half of the schools were implemen-ting their nutrition-education guidelines and enforcing vending-machine rules. The sporty bits fared better, with 64% of the schools meeting their physical-education requirements.Brin
12、ging the issue to a local level is meant to make up for the dearth of guidelines from the fe-deral government. Other than banning chewing-gum and sweets from the cafeteria at lunchtime, there are no national guidelines for food sold outside the school lunch programme, nor are there any requirements
13、for physical education. So far, the 2004 act does not seem to be doing enough to change that.（分数：60.00）_二、Section 2: Chinese-E(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.没有哪家公司乐意听到别人说它败坏了社会风气。上星期参议员罗伯特多尔质问时代华纳公司经理们时说，“莫非这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，难道还一定要腐蚀整个民族，威胁下一代吗?”不过，对于成立于 1990 年的时代华纳公司来说，这样的质询只不过是公司自我解剖的最新表白，是在不同时期关系到责任、创
14、作自由和利润等问题的自我检查。56 岁的董事长杰拉尔德莱文是争论的焦点人物。莱文是在 1992 年取代已故董事长史蒂夫罗斯的。财政上，他承受着抬高股价、减少公司巨额债务的压力。在谈定两笔新的有线电视买卖后，债务将达到 173亿美元。他已答应出售部分财产，重组公司。然而，投资者正在焦急地等待着。夸大说唱音乐的作用并未使他的日子好过一些。莱文一直以表达情感为借口捍卫公司的说唱音乐。1992年，公司因出品冰特乐队的狂暴的说唱歌曲警察杀手而备受责难时，莱文说，这是街头文化的合法表达形式，它应该有自己的宣泄渠道。（分数：40.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-17 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90
15、分钟)一、Section 1: English-C(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.The proportion of children in America who are overweight has tripled over the past 20 years and now exceeds 17% , according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The health problems that this causes include hypertension and type-2 diabete
16、s, formerly known only among the nations overweight adult population. A group sponsored by the National Institute on Ageing has warned that this may be the first generation ever to have a shorter lifespan than their parents.All the while, the proportion of children who take part in daily exercise at
17、 high school has dropped from 42% in 1991 to only 28% in 2004, according to the CDC. Snacking has greatly in-creased; the Government Accountability Office found in 2003 that 99% of Americas high schools now sell snacks and other food as well as providing lunches.In an attempt to get the problem tack
18、led at local level, Congress in 2004 passed an act directing school districts that get money from the national school-lunch programme to create “wellness“ policies by the start of the 2006-07 school year. The districts were told to set standards for nutrition, physical activity and education about g
19、ood food, then make sure that schools actually implement them.One year after the deadline, the results are haphazard. School districts plans range from a few paragraphs long to more than 25 pages. Some states, like Texas and Arkansas, have pre-emptively set standards for school districts under their
20、 jurisdiction, forcing schools to ban fizzy drinks and junk food while increasing the amount of exercise the pupils take. Others offer guidelines rather than man-dates, with no repercussions for schools that dont comply. And in some areas, schools are being eased into change very slowly. Oregons leg
21、islature passed a bill in June that gives its schools ten years to meet its new physical-education requirements.Last October the School Nutrition Association (SNA), a pressure group, analysed health policies from the 100 largest school districts in the country, which account for almost a quarter of
22、the nations primary-and-secondary-school students. Many districts had indeed created guidelines for nutrition education, physical activity and school food, as required, but the rules tended to be fairly broad. Some policies merely defaulted to the state recommendations and some to the federal govern
23、ments minimal requirements. The physical-activity guidelines were also varied; only 62% of schools made physical education obligatory.Action for Healthy Kids, another schools-oriented NGO, also looked at a smattering of policies last year. Of the 112 districts it analysed, only 30% specified a time
24、requirement for physical-edu-cation classes and 42% offered only general guidelines for the sort of food and drink allowed to be sold in the schools. Cafeterias where nachos, French fries and cookies are tucked alongside salads, juice and fresh fruit do not encourage children to eat well.The SNA has
25、 now done a follow-up. It found that less than half of the schools were implemen-ting their nutrition-education guidelines and enforcing vending-machine rules. The sporty bits fared better, with 64% of the schools meeting their physical-education requirements.Bringing the issue to a local level is m
26、eant to make up for the dearth of guidelines from the fe-deral government. Other than banning chewing-gum and sweets from the cafeteria at lunchtime, there are no national guidelines for food sold outside the school lunch programme, nor are there any requirements for physical education. So far, the
27、2004 act does not seem to be doing enough to change that.（分数：60.00）_正确答案：(胖了，还越来越胖根据美国疾病与预防中心的数据显示，近 20 年，美国肥胖儿童的人数翻了两番，现在超过了 17%。因肥胖而引起的健康问题有高血压、二型糖尿病，以前，这些疾病只有肥胖的成年人才可能患上。国立老年研究所资助的研究人员发出警告：这代儿童的寿命可能首次要比他们的父辈短。一直以来，根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据显示中学生参加日常锻炼的比率由 1991 年的 42%下降到了 2004 年的 28%。越来越多的孩子喜欢吃零食。2003 年政府责任
28、办公室调查发现，美国 99%的中学目前除了提供午餐以外，还兼售其他食品。为了从根源上解决问题，2004 年国会通过了一项法案，规定获得国家校园午餐资助项目的学区必须在2006 至 2007 学年开学前制定相关“健康”政策，同时规定这些学区制定与营养、体育活动以及健康饮食教育的一系列相关标准，并确保学校能切实遵守准则。距法案规定的期限已经有一年之余了，各地的实施成效却显得仍然杂乱无章。学区制定的计划标准不一：有的只有短短几段话，有的则长达 25 页。像德克萨斯、阿肯色等州的学区早就应各州司法部门的要求，为各自辖区的学校制定了标准：一面强制学校禁止销售碳酸饮料和垃圾食品，另一面则加强学生的体育锻炼
29、。其他州则只是制定了指导性方针而没有要求学校强制执行，面对校方不履行准则时也没有做出任何回应。另外有些地区的学校改革期限拉得很长，显得相对缓慢，如 6 月，俄勒冈州立法机构通过了一项法案，要求该州的学校 10 年内要达到新的体育教学要求。去年 10 月，美国高压组织学校营养协会分析了全国最大的 100 个学区的健康政策。这 100 个学区的学生人数将近占全国中小学生总数的 1/4。许多学区确实依照要求制定了营养教育、体育活动以及学校饮食方面的相关规定，但都相对宽泛。其中有些规定并没有履行州政府的提议，有的则只符合联邦政府规定的最低要求。体育活动的规定也各式各样，只有 62%的学校把体育课列为必
30、修课。“为了孩子健康”是美国定位于学校的另一个民间组织。去年，这个组织也对部分政策做了一些研究。研究发现，112 个学区里只有 30%的学区有体育教学课时的要求细则，42%的学区仅泛泛规定了学校内可销售的食品和饮料种类。一些餐厅把烤干酪辣味玉米片、炸薯条和饼干放在沙拉、果汁和新鲜水果的旁边出售，这种行为有悖于学生健康饮食的理念。现在，学校营养协会进一步采取行动。它发现遵守营养教育规则、实行自动贩卖机规则的学校还不到一半。学生体育成绩取得进展的学校里，有 64%的学校达到了体育课的要求。从根源上解决这个问题也就意味着联邦政府得补全规则，而不是禁止在校内食堂午餐时间出售口香糖、水果糖。因为国家并没
31、有出台校外午餐时间不得出售相关食物的规定，校外也没有相关体育锻炼的体育教育规则。就目前来看，2004 年通过的法案要改变这一现状，显然还不够完善。)解析：长难句分析1. In an attempt to get the problem tackled at local level, Congress in 2004 passed an act directing school districts that get money from the national school-lunch programme to create “wellness“ policies by the start o
32、f the 2006-07 school year.译句 为了从根源上解决问题，2004 年国会通过了一项法案，规定获得国家校园午餐资助项目的学区必须在 2006 至 2007 学年开学前制定相关“健康”政策。句子结构分析 该句主干为“Congress passed an act.”；介词结构 In an attempt to get the problem tackled at local level 作目的状语；现在分词结构 directing school districts to create “wellness“ policies 作目的状语；that 引导定语从句，修饰 schoo
33、l districts；介词结构 by the start of the 2006-07 school year 作时间状语。 2. Some states, like Texas and Arkansas, have pre-emptively set standards for school districts under their jurisdiction, forcing schools to ban fizzy drinks and junk food while increasing the amount of exercise the pupils take.译句 像德克萨斯、
34、阿肯色等州的学区早就应各州司法部门的要求，为各自辖区的学校制定了标准：一面强制学校禁止销售碳酸饮料和垃圾食品，另一面则加强学生的体育锻炼。句子结构分析 该句主干为“Some states have pre-emptively set standards for school districts”；介词结构 like Texas and Arkansas 为插入语；现在分词结构 forcing schools to banfizzy drinks and junk food 和 increasing the amount of exercise the pupils take 作状语，这两部分由
35、转折连词 while 连接。3. Other than banning chewing-gum and sweets from the cafeteria at lunchtime, there are no national guidelines for food sold outside the school lunch programme, nor are there any requirements for physical education.译句 因为国家并没有出台校外午餐时间不得出售相关食物的规定，校外也没有相关体育锻炼的体育教育规则。句子结构分析 该句主干为“there are
36、 no national guidelines for food, nor are there any requirements for physical education.”；介词结构 Other than banning chewing-gum and sweets from the cafeteria at lunchtime 作状语；nor are there any requirements for physical education 为倒装结构。二、Section 2: Chinese-E(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.没有哪家公司乐意听到别人说它败坏了社会风气。上星期参议
37、员罗伯特多尔质问时代华纳公司经理们时说，“莫非这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，难道还一定要腐蚀整个民族，威胁下一代吗?”不过，对于成立于 1990 年的时代华纳公司来说，这样的质询只不过是公司自我解剖的最新表白，是在不同时期关系到责任、创作自由和利润等问题的自我检查。56 岁的董事长杰拉尔德莱文是争论的焦点人物。莱文是在 1992 年取代已故董事长史蒂夫罗斯的。财政上，他承受着抬高股价、减少公司巨额债务的压力。在谈定两笔新的有线电视买卖后，债务将达到 173亿美元。他已答应出售部分财产，重组公司。然而，投资者正在焦急地等待着。夸大说唱音乐的作用并未使他的日子好过一些。莱文一
38、直以表达情感为借口捍卫公司的说唱音乐。1992年，公司因出品冰特乐队的狂暴的说唱歌曲警察杀手而备受责难时，莱文说，这是街头文化的合法表达形式，它应该有自己的宣泄渠道。（分数：40.00）_正确答案：(No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?“ Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week
39、. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?“ At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a self-exami-nation that has,
40、at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys
41、 mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice Ts violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.)解析：
