1、翻译三级笔译实务-11 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1: English-C(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.As the importance of recycling becomes more apparent, questions about it linger. Is it worth the effort? How does it work? Is recycling waste just going into a landfill in China? Here are some answers.It is an awful lot o
2、f rubbish. Since 1960 the amount of municipal waste being collected in America has nearly tripled, reaching 245m tonnes in 2005. According to European Union statistics, the amount of municipal waste produced in western Europe increased by 23% between 1995 and 2003, to reach 577kg per person. (So muc
3、h for the plan to reduce waste per person to 300kg by 2000.) As the volume of waste has increased, so have recycling efforts. In 1980 America recycled only 9.6% of its municipal rubbish ; today the rate stands at 32%. A similar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and t
4、he Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste. Britains recycling rate, at 27%, is low, but it is improving fast, having nearly doubled in the past three years.Even so, when a city introduces a kerbside recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around
5、 can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves. “We are constantly being asked: Is recycling worth doing on environmental grounds?“ says Julian Parfitt, principal analyst at Waste and although incinerators are not as polluting
6、as they once were, they still produce noxious emissions, so people dislike having them around.) But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving in energy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollution that result when scrap materials are substituted for virgin feed-stock. “If y
7、ou can use recycled materials, you dont have to mine ores, cut trees and drill for oil as much,“ says Jeffrey Morris of Sound Resource Management, a consulting firm based in Olympia, Washington.Extracting metals from ore, in particular, is extremely energy-intensive. Recycling aluminium, for example
8、, can reduce energy consumption by as much as 95%. Savings for other materials are lower but still substantial: about 70% for plastics, 60% for steel, 40% for paper and 30% for glass. Recycling also reduces emissions of pollutants that can cause smog, acid rain and the conta-mination of waterways.（分
9、数：60.00）_二、Section 2: Chinese-E(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.科学与文化的其他方面关系长期紧张。想一想，17 世纪的伽利略因其信念离经叛道，遭到天主教会的审判；诗人威廉布莱克尖税地批评了艾萨克牛顿的机械论世界观。在本世纪如果说有区别的话，那就是科学与人文科学间的裂痕更深了。前些年，科学界势力强大，对批评者可以置之不理但现在不同了。由于科研经费减少，科学家推出几本书来抨击“反科学”的倾向。其中，值得注意的有弗吉尼亚大学生物学家保罗R格罗斯与拉特格斯大学教学家诺曼莱维持合著的高级迷信以及康奈尔大学的卡尔萨根著的鬼怪世界。科学捍卫者还在集会上表达他们的忧虑，比如，
10、1995 年在纽约城举行的“飞越科学与理性”大会和去年 6 月在巴法罗附近召开的“信息(迷信)时代的科学”大会。很明显，反科学对不同的人有着不同的含义。格罗斯和莱维特针对那些质疑科学客观性的社会学家、哲学家及其他学者，主要挑他们的毛病。萨根更关注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物以及信奉其他与科学世界观相左的人。（分数：40.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-11 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1: English-C(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.As the importance of recycling becomes more apparent, questi
11、ons about it linger. Is it worth the effort? How does it work? Is recycling waste just going into a landfill in China? Here are some answers.It is an awful lot of rubbish. Since 1960 the amount of municipal waste being collected in America has nearly tripled, reaching 245m tonnes in 2005. According
12、to European Union statistics, the amount of municipal waste produced in western Europe increased by 23% between 1995 and 2003, to reach 577kg per person. (So much for the plan to reduce waste per person to 300kg by 2000.) As the volume of waste has increased, so have recycling efforts. In 1980 Ameri
13、ca recycled only 9.6% of its municipal rubbish ; today the rate stands at 32%. A similar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste. Britains recycling rate, at 27%, is low, but it is improving fast, having
14、 nearly doubled in the past three years.Even so, when a city introduces a kerbside recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves. “We are constantly
15、 being asked: Is recycling worth doing on environmental grounds?“ says Julian Parfitt, principal analyst at Waste and although incinerators are not as polluting as they once were, they still produce noxious emissions, so people dislike having them around.) But perhaps the most valuable benefit of re
16、cycling is the saving in energy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollution that result when scrap materials are substituted for virgin feed-stock. “If you can use recycled materials, you dont have to mine ores, cut trees and drill for oil as much,“ says Jeffrey Morris of Sound Resource Mana
17、gement, a consulting firm based in Olympia, Washington.Extracting metals from ore, in particular, is extremely energy-intensive. Recycling aluminium, for example, can reduce energy consumption by as much as 95%. Savings for other materials are lower but still substantial: about 70% for plastics, 60%
18、 for steel, 40% for paper and 30% for glass. Recycling also reduces emissions of pollutants that can cause smog, acid rain and the conta-mination of waterways.（分数：60.00）_正确答案：(回收利用之真相随着回收利用的重要性日渐凸显，关于这方面的问题也日益叠加：值得这么做吗?如何进行操作?在中国，回收的垃圾都涌向垃圾场吗?以下是一些相关答案。垃圾的数量真是惊人之多。自从 1960 年以来，美国市区收集到的垃圾总量几乎翻了三倍，到 20
19、05 年达到了 245 万吨之多。根据欧盟数据显示，西欧国家市区产生的垃圾数量在 1995 年至 2003 年之间增长了23%。人均产生垃圾量高达 577 公斤(远远超过了当时到 2000 年人均垃圾量为 300 公斤的计划量)。随着垃圾总量的增加，垃圾回收利用所做的努力也显得日益重要。1980 年，美国市区垃圾的回收率仅为 9.6%，但今天垃圾的回收率已达 32%。欧洲国家也呈现出相应趋势，例如奥地利和荷兰，他们现在的垃圾回收率已达 60%或以上。英国的垃圾回收率目前只有 27%，但其回收率快速增长，在过去三年里几乎翻了两番。尽管如此，当城市启动路边垃圾回收项目后，满大街垃圾车竞相奔走的情景
20、不禁引起人们的怀疑：垃圾回收后可利用的能源是否远不抵收集和运输这些垃圾所消耗的能源?英国废物及资源行动计划组织的首席分析员朱迪帕菲说道：“常常有人问我们：回收真的有益于环境保护吗?”该组织是英国一家非盈利性组织，提倡回收理念并努力开拓回收市场。关于特定事物生命周期的研究，以一特定事例便可以阐明这一问题。但是，英国废物及资源行动计划组织决定一探究竟，它委托丹麦技术大学和丹麦废物主题中心对 55 篇相关生命周期分析报告进行再次研究。这 55 篇报告均因其精确分析的特点而被选出重新研究。接着，研究人员研读了 200 多个研究方案，并将回收垃圾与掩埋或焚烧特殊种类的废弃物两者各自所产生的影响进行比较。
21、结果他们发现 83%关于回收的方案中确实证明回收有益于环境。在这项研究的基础上，英国废物及资源行动计划组织得出以下结论：英国对废弃物的回收每年减少了10001500 万吨二氧化碳的排放量。相当于英国每年汽车的二氧化碳排放量减少了 10%，或者大致相当于英国公路上少了 350 万辆汽车。无独有偶，据美国环境保护局估计，到 2005 年，回收将使美国碳氧化物排放量减少 4900 万吨。回收还有其他诸多益处：保护自然资源；减少掩埋和焚烧废弃物总量。掩埋和焚烧废弃物根本算不上是理想的垃圾处理方式。(垃圾场占据了宝贵的土地资源，并产生甲烷一种破坏力极强的温室气体；尽管现在垃圾堆污染严重程度有所改善，但它
22、们依然产生有毒气体，因此，人们讨厌周围有垃圾场的存在)，但回收的最大益处也许就在于能源的节约，温室气体和废品转换成原料过程中所产生的污染物的减少。来自华盛顿奥林匹亚一家咨询公司优化能源管理部门的杰弗里莫里斯如是说道：如果都能使用回收利用的材料，我们大可不必大肆挖掘矿物、砍伐树木和开采石油钻井。尤其，从矿中冶炼金属是一个极其消耗能量的过程。就拿铝金属的回收来说，它能节约高达 95%的能源消耗。其他物质回收的能源节约比例相对较小一些，但其总量也很可观：塑料回收能源节约达 70%，钢铁回收能源节约约达 60%，纸质回收节能约达 40%，而玻璃回收节能则约达 30%。回收利用同时还减少那些能造成大雾、
23、酸雨和排水沟污染的污染物排放量。)解析：长难句分析1. A similar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste.译句 欧洲国家也呈现出相应趋势，例如奥地利和荷兰，他们现在的垃圾回收率已达 60%或更高。句子结构分析 该句主干为“A similar trend can be seen in Europe.”where 引导定语从句，修饰Europe; such
24、as 后引导的内容为插入语。2. Even so, when a city introduces a kerbside recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves.译句 尽管如此，当城市启动路边垃圾回收项目后，满大街垃圾车竞相奔走的情景不禁引起人们
25、的怀疑：垃圾回收后可利用的能源是否远不抵收集和运输这些垃圾所消耗的能源?句子结构分析 该句主干为“the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts.”；when 引导时间状语从句；whether 引导宾语从句，作 doubts about 的宾语。3. But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving in energy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollut
26、ion that result when scrap materials are substituted for virgin feedstock译句 但回收的最大益处也许就在于能源的节约，温室气体和废品转换成原料过程中所产生的污染物的减少。句子结构分析 该句主干为“But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving.”；that 引导定语从句；when 引导时间状语从句。二、Section 2: Chinese-E(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.科学与文化的其他方面关系长期紧张。想一想，17 世纪的伽利略因其信
27、念离经叛道，遭到天主教会的审判；诗人威廉布莱克尖税地批评了艾萨克牛顿的机械论世界观。在本世纪如果说有区别的话，那就是科学与人文科学间的裂痕更深了。前些年，科学界势力强大，对批评者可以置之不理但现在不同了。由于科研经费减少，科学家推出几本书来抨击“反科学”的倾向。其中，值得注意的有弗吉尼亚大学生物学家保罗R格罗斯与拉特格斯大学教学家诺曼莱维持合著的高级迷信以及康奈尔大学的卡尔萨根著的鬼怪世界。科学捍卫者还在集会上表达他们的忧虑，比如，1995 年在纽约城举行的“飞越科学与理性”大会和去年 6 月在巴法罗附近召开的“信息(迷信)时代的科学”大会。很明显，反科学对不同的人有着不同的含义。格罗斯和莱维
28、特针对那些质疑科学客观性的社会学家、哲学家及其他学者，主要挑他们的毛病。萨根更关注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物以及信奉其他与科学世界观相左的人。（分数：40.00）_正确答案：(Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileos 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the
29、mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics, but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have att
30、acked “antiscience“ in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University, and The Demon-Haunted World, by Car Sa-gan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their conc
31、erns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,“ held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,“ which assembled last June near Buffalo.Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.)解析：
