1、大学英语四级阅读-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：2，分数：20.00)The Hakka people are seen as a united people in China. This character is especially (1) among overseas Hakkas. They share their good and bad times together. This spirit of unity and cooperation is (2
2、) in the culture of Hakka Earth Buildings.It was because when it was hard for individuals to survive on their own, people had to help each other and learn to unite and cooperate. Only in this way could they hope to (3) more. The design and (4) of Hakka Earth Buildings made it easy to pull together a
3、ll the weaker forces and form one stronger force. With this stronger force, better results could be achieved in terms of developing business as well as improving living (5) .A Hakka Earth Building used to hold together the (6) interest of a family clan (家族) or a whole village community. But now this
4、 fortress-like (城堡般的) structure can no longer meet the needs of a (7) society. People have moved out.Hakka Earth Buildings have recorded a (8) of history as well as the life road of several generations of the Hakka people. For those later generations who have never lived and will never live in these
5、 earth buildings, they may well become a tourist (9) in the villages. But the (10) tradition represented by these earth buildings should be kept and passed on by the Hakka people as their own family culture and ethnic culture.A. generating B. standards C. modern D. achieveE. unique F. vain G. period
6、 H. attractionI. constitution J. rooted K. distinguish L. structureM. almost N. shared O. remarkable（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_It is common for new students to share a room with other university students. The number of roommates will depend upon t
7、he university, but will (1) anywhere from one to three. The most (2) setting is for two students to share one room. The room will have beds, desks, closets and storage compartments (drawers) for personal items. The (3) will be plain but adequate.A key to (4) in your studies is a good understanding a
8、nd a positive relationship with your roommate. You will need to learn your roommates (5) and activities in order to have a positive experience from the beginning. Your roommate may become your close friend or you may not spend much time together. It all (6) on you and your roommate. Respect your roo
9、mmates possessions and privacy and ask your roommate to do the same for you. Some roommates are very (7) and some are not. A good rule to go by is “If you value something, keep it out of sight and under lock and key.“ This will keep your roommate from being (8) to take something that belongs to you.
10、If you discover that your schedule and your roommates schedule (9) and you have little time to study, you will find the library a nice quiet place to get away and study. Some (10) are not very quiet and if you need a quiet place to study, you may need to go to the library.A. intimate B. tempted C. s
11、uccess D. furnishingsE. conflict F. loyal G. dormitories H. succeedsI. gracefully J. common K. depends L. scheduleM. range N. discharged O. trustworthy（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Section B(总题数：2，分数：40.00)Pub-talkA. Pub-talk, the most popular acti
12、vity in all pubs, is a native dialect with its own distinctive grammar. There are very few restrictions on what you can talk about in pubs: pub etiquette (礼节) is concerned mainly with the form of your conversation, not the content. When a regular enters the pub, you will often hear friendly greeting
13、s from other regulars, the publican and bar staff (“Evening, Joe“, “Alright, Joe?“, “Wotcha, Joe“, “Usual is it, Joe?“, etc.). The regular responds to each greeting, usually addressing the greeter by name or nickname (“Evening, Doc“, “Alright, there, Lofty?“, “Wotcha, Bill Usual, thanks, Pauline“, e
14、tc.). No one is conscious of obeying a rule or following a formula, yet you will hear the same greeting ritual in every pub in the country. Pub etiquette does not limit the actual words to be used in this exchangeand you may hear some inventive and peculiar variations. The words may not even be part
15、icularly polite: a regular may be greeted with “Back again, Joe?havent you got a home to go to?“ or “Ah, just in time to buy your round, Joe!“B. When you first enter a pub, dont just order a drinkstart by saying “Good evening“ or “Good morning“, with a friendly nod and a smile, to the bar staff and
16、the regulars at the bar counter. For most natives, this will start an automatic greeting-response, even ff it is only a nod. Dont worry if the initial response is somewhat reserved. By greeting before ordering, you have communicated friendly intentions. Although this does not make you an “instant re
17、gular“, it will be noticed, and your subsequent attempts to initiate contact will be received more favorably.C. You may well hear a lot of arguments in pubsarguing is the most popular pastime of regular pub-goersand some may seem to be quite heated. But pub-arguments are not like arguments in the re
18、al world. They are conducted in accordance with a strict code of etiquette: You should not take things too seriously. The etiquette of pub-arguments reflects the principles governing all social interaction in the pub: equality, interaction, the pursuit of intimacy and a non-aggression agreement. Any
19、 student of human relations will recognize these principles as the essential foundation of all social bonding, and social bonding is what pub-arguments are all about.D. Rule number one: The pub-argument is an enjoyable gameno strong views or deeply held convictions are necessary to engage in a livel
20、y dispute. Pub regulars will often start an argument about anything, just for the fun of it. A bored regular will often deliberately spark off an argument by making an outrageous or extreme statement, and then sit back and wait for the inevitable cries of “Rubbish!“or something less polite. The init
21、iator will then hotly defend his statements (which he secretly knows to be indefensible), and counter-attack by accusing his opponents of stupidity, ignorance or worse. The exchange may continue in this fashion for some time, although the attacks and counter-attacks will often drift away from the or
22、iginal issue, moving on to other contentious subjects and eventually focusing almost entirely on the personal qualities of the participants. You may notice, however, that opponents continue to buy each other drinks throughout the match.E. By the end, everyone may have forgotten what the argument was
23、 supposed to be about. No-one ever wins, no-one ever surrenders. When participants become bored or tired, the accepted formula for ending the argument is to finish a sentence with“and anyway, its your round“. Opponents remain the best of mates, and a good time has been had by all.F. Do not try to jo
24、in in arguments taking place at tables: only those which occur at the bar counter are “public“ arguments. Even at the bar counter, watch for the “open“ body-language which signals that others are welcome to participate. Involvement of the bar staff or publican is another sign that the argument is pu
25、blic rather than personal. Body-language and facial expressions are also your best guide to the level of “seriousness“ of the dispute. Heated and even insulting words may be used, but in most pub-arguments the relaxed posture and expressions of the participants reveal the lack of any real hostility.
26、 Once you have established that the argument is both public and non-hostile, feel free to add your comments and opinionsbut remember that this is a game, and do not expect to be taken seriously. Also remember that round-buying is the most effective non-aggression signal. If you unknowingly cause off
27、ence, or find yourself in any trouble, buy a round of drinks for your companions. The phrase “I think it must be my round“ should get you out of almost any difficulty.G. Listen carefully, and you will realize that most pub-talk is also a form of free-association. In the pub, the naturally reserved a
28、nd cautious natives give voice to whatever passing thought happens to occur to them. You will notice that pub-conversations rarely progress in any kind of logical manner; they do not stick to the point, nor do they reach a conclusion. Pub-talk moves in a mysterious waymostly in apparently random sid
29、eways leaps. A remark about the weather starts a prediction as to which horse will win the big race at Cheltenham, which starts an argument about the merits of the National Lottery, which leads to a discussion of the latest political scandal, which is interrupted by another regular demanding assista
30、nce with a crossword clue, one element of which leads to a comment about a recent fatal traffic accident in the neighborhood, which somehow turns into a discussion about the barmans new haircut and so on. There is a vague logic in some of the connections, but most changes of subject are started by p
31、articipants “free-associating“ with a random word or phrase.H. Jokes, puns, teasing, wit, and backchat (回嘴) are all essential ingredients of pub-talk. In fact, you will notice that most pub-talk has an undercurrent of humor, never far below the surface. Most pub humor is quite subtleoccasionally to
32、the point of obscurityand some participants have a command of irony that would impress Jane Austen. Rule number two: Be prepared to laugh at yourself, as you will almost certainly be teased. Like Austens Mr. Bennet, pub regulars are disposed to find the faults and mistakes of others amusing, rather
33、than distressing. A boastful person will often be encouraged to explain his favorite topic (“Oh, did you really?“ “Do tell us about it!“) purely so that the audience may laugh at his serf-importance. If you are inclined to take yourself a bit too seriously, to mention your high-powered job more ofte
34、n than is strictly necessary, or to derive too much enjoyment from the sound of your own voicebeware! Any over-obvious attempts to impress the natives will have the opposite effect.I. But if you are teased about your failings, do not be upset or offended. Teasing is a sign that you are liked, in spi
35、te of your faults. Among regulars, everyone is subjected to at least some teasingeven the most kind and popular person will be found to have some quality worth laughing at. If the natives did not like you, they would not tease you, but would simply ignore and avoid you. As a newcomer, it is best to
36、show that you can laugh at yourself before malting fun of your new acquaintances. You may not be able to match the dry wit and quick response of native pub-goers, but as a foreigner, you do have two advantages. First, British pub-goers tend to regard all foreigners as instinctively funny, ff you are
37、 prepared to laugh at yourself, all of your apparent disadvantages such as language difficulties, unfamiliarity with native customs, ignorance about British beer etc. are potential sources of amusement. Second, regulars may well be bored with each others familiar jokes, and will welcome any fresh ma
38、terial you can offer.（分数：20.00）(1).When free-association is involved, pub talks may rarely involve logic.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).All of your obvious disadvantages as a foreigner will become sources of amusement when you are prepared to laugh at yourself.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).When a pub staff takes part in
39、 a pub-argument, it suggests that the argument is public.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).If you find yourself in any trouble in the pub, round-buying should be the most effective way to get out of difficult situations.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Pub etiquette focuses mainly on the form of the conversation, rather than
40、the content.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).The etiquette of pub-arguments reflects the principles of equality, interaction, the pursuit of intimacy and a non-aggression agreement.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Those who want to show off their serf-importance in the pub will usually have the opposite effect.（分数：2.00）填空项 1
41、:_(8).Pub-goers spend most of their time in pub arguing with others.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).It is necessary for someone who first enters a pub to greet before ordering because it will make his future contact easier.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).If the other pub regulars make fun of you, it indicates that they li
42、ke you.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_GPSA. The Global Positioning System is a space-based triangulation system using satellites and computers to measure positions anywhere on earth. It is first and foremost a defense system developed by the United States Department of Defense, and is referred to as the “Navigatio
43、n Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System“ or NAVSTAR GPS. The uniqueness of this navigational system is that it avoids the limitations of other land-based systems such as limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage, and the limited accuracies of other related nav
44、igational instruments. The high accuracies obtainable with the Global Positioning System also make it a precision survey instrument. GPS Components: the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the User Segment.B. The Space Segment of the system consists of the GPS satellites. These space vehicles (S
45、Vs) send radio signals from space. The GPS Operational Constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. There are often more than 24 operational satellites as new ones are launched to replace older satellites. The satellite orbits repeat almost the same ground track (as the
46、earth turns beneath them) once each day. The orbit altitude is such that the satellites repeat the same track and area over any point approximately each 24 hours (4 minutes earlier each day). There are six orbital planes (with four SVs in each), equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and inclined at abo
47、ut fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial (赤道的) plane. This constellation provides the user with between five and eight SVs visible from any point on the earth.C. The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations located around the world. The Master Control facility is located
48、 at Schriever Air Force Base (formerly Falcon AFB) in Colorado. These monitor stations measure signals from the SVs which are incorporated into orbital models for each satellites. The models compute precise orbital data and SV clock corrections for each satellite. The Master Control station uploads orbital data and clock data to the SVs. The SVs then send subset
