1、大学英语四级综合-简答(二)及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)The Internet is the worlds largest group of cooperating computer networks. All the computers on the more than 100,000 networks that comprise the lnternet voluntarily use the same technical standards for their network date so that any of the computers on any of
2、 the networks can exchange messages with any other. Each message sent is broken up into small chunks of roughly uniform (相同的) size, called packets; each packet is sent along to its destination. If a packers destination is on a different network from its origin, the packet is switched from network to
3、 network until it reaches its destination. The destination computer reassembles incoming packets into the desired message. The “packet switched“ design has let the Internet grow from its original two networks to its current size and beyond without any fundamental changes in the way that it works.The
4、 Internets origins date from the late 1960s. During the 1980s, many new networks connected to the growing Interact-including both academic networks and the commercial networks. In 1996, Microsofts Explorer challenged Netscapes dominance as Microsoft aggressively released new versions at no charge. M
5、ost Interact growth since 1994 has been centered around the Web, which has adopted or made obsolete (废弃的) most of the older serves other than e-mail. The Web easier is far to use than previous Net services, since it combines graphics with text and requires little typing; most actions are clicks of t
6、he mouse.（分数：10.00）(1).One computer exchanges messages with other computers through_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Whats the definition of Packet?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).When did the idea of Intemet come into being?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Microsoft Explorer challenged Netscapes dominance by_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Whats
7、 the character of Interact since 1994?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_In recent years, many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive.Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is e
8、vidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is
9、 important, and there is no doubt that this is tree. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to
10、create it.Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories, the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each w
11、orker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly th
12、ink this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither Want
13、more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.（分数：10.00）(1).What will make a worker enjoy his life?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).In a modern factory with its complicated machinery, a worker is required_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to paragraph four, what plays an important role in incre
14、asing productivity?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Greater degree of worker contribution results from_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).As far as the workers are concerned, perhaps the preferable thing is_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Do women talk more than men? Do men talk in the same way as women? According to the latest research fro
15、m the United States of America, men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to communicate. Professor Deborah Tannen, of Georgetown University, has noticed differences in the style of boys and girls conversations from an early age. She says t
16、hat little girls conversation is less definite than boys and expresses more doubts. Little boys use conversation to establish status with their listeners.These differences continue into adult life, she says. In public conversations men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversa
17、tions, men and women speak in equal amounts-although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, fur women, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy (亲密). For men, private talking is a way to explore the power structure of a relationship.Teaching is one job w
18、here the differences between mens and womens ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. He used his language to show this. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely
19、to take a sharing approach and to encourage her student to join in.But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they achieve power by being able to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor
20、 Tannen says women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy(亲密) and help to establish a relationship. Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is preprogrammed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely th
21、at the brain must have a sexual bias in its programming; otherwise, male speech patterns would not arise at all.（分数：10.00）(1).Compared with little boys conversation, girls conversation_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Differences between men and women in adult conversations are that in private conversations_.（分
22、数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to the passage, study shows that a female teacher_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to Professor Tannen, women feel they achieve power by_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Women allow men to talk more and interrupt more because_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Currently, higher education is confronting
23、urgent calls to return to its original mission of developing a well-informed, and critically thinking citizen. What exactly can higher education do to promote sense of citizenship among students, and at the same time solve the numerous social problems that continue to annoy society?One answer may be
24、 found within the college or university curriculum( . ), through the simple but extremely powerful academic tool known as “service learning.“ The basic idea behind service learning is to use a community or public service experience to enhance the meaning and impact of traditional course content. Con
25、necting service directly with academic courses makes it quite different from “volunteer“ work that is performed in the community. Service learning also involves more than simply sending a class of students into communities for additional course credit (学分).Properly designed service learning courses
26、relate the community service experience to the course material and require that students reflect on their experiences through writings, discussions, or class presentations. Service learning not only enriches traditional course content by giving the student an opportunity to test or demonstrate abstr
27、act theory in the real world, it also improves the quality of the service being performed by giving it a theoretical support.Service learning may be achieved in any academic fields. For example, students enrolled in a psychology class could conduct counseling (咨询), and drug education for at-risk sch
28、ool children. We have also examined the relationship between the service experience and 35 college outcomes in the following areas: civic responsibility, academic attainment, and life skills. The most remarkable result of the study was that all 35 student outcome measures were favorably influenced b
29、y service participation.（分数：10.00）(1).What does service learning aim at?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Whats the traditional course mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Whats the main feature of“service learning“?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Service learning improves the quality of the service by_.（分数：2.00）填空项
30、1:_(5).Any students could take part in service learning because_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Only about two percent of Antarctica peeks through the thick sheets of ice that blanket the continent. In the winter, the lowest recorded temperatures (without wind chill) have reached -89 (-129F). The continent average
31、s 2.4 kilometers in height (1.5 miles) above sea level, making it 1.5 kilometers (almost a mile) higher than the global average land height! Each year the South Pole receives less than an inch of water.in the form of snow, of course! This amount of precipitation is similar to that of another desert,
32、 the Sahara! Katabatic winds, reaching 300 kilometers per hour (185 miles/hour), blow out of the continental interior and make the Antarctic coastal regions rather breezy.Antarctica is an important part of Earths system. By acting as a global heat sink, it helps control our climate and weather. The
33、stability of the Antarctic ice sheets is of concern to those living in low-lying areas; they contain enough water to raise global sea level almost 70 meters.Antarctica holds 70% of Earths freshwater, and 91% of Earths ice! Antarctica influences our global ocean. Cold, dense, oxygen-rich water origin
34、ates in Antarctica and replenishes the oceans supply of bottom water, helping to drive ocean circulation. The sea surrounding Antarctica supports marine life from tiny ice- dwelling algae to the great whales. Through investigations of Antarctica we will develop a better understanding of how this vas
35、t, ice-covered continent responds to environmental change. This knowledge will better enable us to predict the response of all of Earths systems to future environmental changes.Antarctica is located in the Southern Hemisphere (the half of the globe that is south of the equator). The continent overli
36、es the south pole and covers 13,824,000 square kilometers (5,400,000 square miles). It is the fifth largest landmass on the globe.Early Greek geographers hypothesized the existence of Antarctica well before anyone actually saw the continent. They believed that a landmass must exist at the bottom of
37、the world to balance the land in the Northern Hemisphere. They called the mythological land “Antarctica,“ meaning “opposite the Arctic.“ No one set foot on the continent until John Davis went ashore on the Antarctic Peninsula in 1820.（分数：10.00）(1).From the figures given in the first paragraph, we ca
38、n describe Antarctica in the following words:_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Why did the author consider Antarctica to be an important part of Earths system?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The freshwater Antarctica holds reaches as much as_of Earths freshwater.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Who was the first man stepped on Antarcti
39、ca?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).What does Antarctica mean?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-简答(二)答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)The Internet is the worlds largest group of cooperating computer networks. All the computers on the more than 100,000 networks that comprise the lnternet voluntarily use the same technical standar
40、ds for their network date so that any of the computers on any of the networks can exchange messages with any other. Each message sent is broken up into small chunks of roughly uniform (相同的) size, called packets; each packet is sent along to its destination. If a packers destination is on a different
41、 network from its origin, the packet is switched from network to network until it reaches its destination. The destination computer reassembles incoming packets into the desired message. The “packet switched“ design has let the Internet grow from its original two networks to its current size and bey
42、ond without any fundamental changes in the way that it works.The Internets origins date from the late 1960s. During the 1980s, many new networks connected to the growing Interact-including both academic networks and the commercial networks. In 1996, Microsofts Explorer challenged Netscapes dominance
43、 as Microsoft aggressively released new versions at no charge. Most Interact growth since 1994 has been centered around the Web, which has adopted or made obsolete (废弃的) most of the older serves other than e-mail. The Web easier is far to use than previous Net services, since it combines graphics wi
44、th text and requires little typing; most actions are clicks of the mouse.（分数：10.00）(1).One computer exchanges messages with other computers through_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：the Internet）解析：解析 细节题。由on the more than 100，000 networks that comprise the Internet可知，计算机间的信息交流是通过互联网完成。因此，由第一段关于信息交换过程的介绍也可得出本
45、题答案。comprise意为“包含”，惯用用法为：be comprised of(由组成)，例如：The committee comprises five persons该委员会由五人组成。(2).Whats the definition of Packet?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：The small unit broken up from a computer message）解析：解析 细节题。文章在介绍计算机信息交换中提到 Each message sent is broken up into small chunks of roughly uniform size
46、，called packets，由此可以得出 Packet的定义。(3).When did the idea of Intemet come into being?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：The late 1960s）解析：解析 细节题。第二段一句话说 The Internets origins date from the late 1960s，由此可知，互联网的概念到 19世纪后期才成型。(4).Microsoft Explorer challenged Netscapes dominance by_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：putting new
47、 versions into the market for free）解析：解析 细节题。由最后一段中的released new versions at no charge 可以得到解答本题的信息点。(5).Whats the character of Interact since 1994?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：The development of most Internet is Wed-oriented）解析：解析 推断题。结合文章中的关键句 Most Internet growth since 1994 has been centered around the Web可概括出 1994年以后互联网的特点。In recent years, many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive.Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivit
