1、大学英语四级综合-完形填空(一)及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)In every cultivated language, there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words (1) which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we (2) , that is to say, from the (3) of our own
2、 family and from our familiar associates, and (4) we should know and use even if we could not read or write. They (5) the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who (6) the language. (7) words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people at large and are not the exclusi
3、ve (8) of a limited class. On the other hand, our language (9) a multitude of words which are comparatively (10) used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every (11) person, but there is little (12) to use them at home or in the marketplace. Our (13) acquaintance with them comes not
4、 from our mothers (14) or from the talk of our schoolmates, (15) from books that we read, lectures that we (16) , or the more (17) conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular (18) in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual (19) of everyday life. Such words a
5、re called “ (20) “, and the distinction between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.（分数：20.00）A.atB.withC.byD.throughA.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learnA.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellowsA.whichB.thatC.thoseD.onesA.mindB.concernC.careD.i
6、nvolveA.hireB.applyC.adoptD.useA.BothB.EachC.SuchD.AllA.rightB.privilegeC.shareD.possessionA.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composesA.seldomB.muchC.neverD.oftenA.breedingB.cultivatingC.educatedD.learningA.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessityA.primaryB.firstC.principalD.priorA.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongu
7、eA.besidesB.andC.orD.butA.hearB.attendC.goD.listenA.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formativeA.themeB.topicC.ideaD.pointA.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extentA.usedB.learnedC.knownD.newWe have spoken of marriage as a formal contract. It should be noted, however, that this contract does not (1) the same form in dif
8、ferent societies. In Western societies, the (2) of a man and a woman (3) given the status of legal marriage by being registered by an official (4) by the state. In some African cities, (5) , marriage has nothing to do (6) an official registration of this kind but is legalized by the formal (7) of go
9、ods. Generally (8) is the bridegroom who is required to make a payment of goods to the brides kin(亲戚), though (9) a payment is also made by the bridegrooms kin to (10) of the bride.Among the Nuer, a (11) living in Southern Sudan, the payment made over to the brides kin, (12) as bride- wealth, is in
10、the (13) of cattle. Once the (14) of bride- wealth is agreed (15) , and the formal payment is made, the marriage becomes a (16) union and the offspring of the union become the acceptable (17) of the husband. They remain (18) children even (19) the wife subsequently leaves him to live with (20) man.（
11、分数：20.00）A.makeB.getC.takeD.doA.conditionB.differenceC.unionD.divorceA.isB.areC.wasD.wereA.recognizingB.recognizeC.recognizesD.recognizedA.howeverB.yetC.thoughD.stillA.withB.fromC.forD.toA.exchangeB.contactC.communicationD.connectionA.thatB.thisC.oneD.itA.oftenB.sometimesC.alwaysD.sometimeA.thatB.it
12、C.thoseD.thisA.personB.peopleC.manD.eoupleA.calledB.knownC.namedD.lookedA.shapeB.sizeC.formD.typeA.amountB.numberC.figureD.volumeA.uponB.withC.toD.forA.legalB.casualC.directD.progressiveA.brideB.eattleC.wealthD.childrenA.hisB.herC.theirD.onesA.beforeB.becauseC.whileD.ifA.otherB.anotherC.moreD.farthe
13、rMost people hate rock music. While I am not (1) nature an unreasonable or biased person, two (2) and striking personal experiences of rock music (3) the past two weeks have persuaded me that it has become a duty for those of us with enough common (4) to see its potential dangers to point them out.
14、My first experienceperhaps a (5) one, but highly symptomatic (有征兆的)was the realization that if I spoke to my teenage son when he was listening to rock music through headphones, he replied in an (6) loud voice, as if there was something wrong with his (7) . The second occurred when I went with him to
15、 a “concert“ and witnessed for (8) what these affairs are like.Till I went to that concert, my first and assuredly my last, I had always (9) the “live-and-let-live“ attitude that rock music was simply not my (10) but that other people had every right to enjoy it if it was (11) . But what I saw and h
16、eard convinced me that we are allowing something very powerful to take (12) of the younger generation. In the first place, I noticed (13) collective madness, brought about by the noise (14) . But secondly, and far more dangerously, I observed that after a time everyone was carried (15) by the noise,
17、 and gave up his/her individuality. (16) the end I was in the middle of a faceless (17) who clapped and stamped and jumped around like monkeys. It was the most degrading human spectacle I have ever had the (18) to witness, and I seriously believe that (19) time to come our present younger generation
18、 would thank us if we managed to puta (20) to it now.（分数：20.00）A.inB.fromC.byD.withA.lifelessB.vividC.energeticD.livelyA.forB.fromC.alongD.duringA.senseB.knowledgeC.ideaD.feelingA.majorB.minorC.mainD.subordinateA.unreasonablyB.unattractivelyC.unfairlyD.unnaturallyA.listeningB.earC.hearingD.mindA.mys
19、elfB.himselfC.ourselvesD.themselvesA.adaptedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.admiredA.beliefB.desireC.appetiteD.tasteA.theirsB.oursC.mineD.hisA.possessionB.noticeC.careD.the placeA.suchB.theC.anyD.aA.standardB.levelC.pollutionD.gradeA.outB.offC.alongD.onA.AtB.ByC.InD.AboutA.gangB.swarmC.crowdD.throngA.fortuneB.
20、luckC.hardshipD.misfortuneA.withB.onC.inD.byA.stopB.handC.mindD.wordThere are 210 species of insect-eating birds known as woodpeckers, living in forests in every continent (1) Australia and Antarctica. They eat mostly (2) or insect larvae, which they find living under bark. They reach their food by
21、drilling holes in (3) with their beaks. They have several characteristics that help. in their survival. For example, their short, strong legs have four (4) toes. Two of the toes extend (5) ; the other two go back- ward. This helps the bird hold its (6) when it clings to the side of a tree. This bird
22、s most unusual quality is its (7) to bore holes in wood to get its food. To do this, it has a chisel-like (8) . It is shaped so that it can drill deep into the (9) and wood of almost any tree. The woodpecker also has a shock-absorbent, thick-walled skull that allows it to use its beak as a drill wit
23、hout giving itselfa (10) . It even has a (11) tongue that is both barbed and sticky at its tip, (12) that it can dig insects out of the holes it makes. The green woodpecker lives in the forests of Eurasia(欧亚大陆) and (13) to about twelve inches. It has olive-green feathers (14) its back and wings; its
24、 head and belly are gray. (15) woodpecker found in Europe and Asia Minor is the great-spotted woodpecker. Of the North American woodpeckers, the (16) is the ivory-billed woodpecker. Birdwatchers have a very difficult time (17) this large, shy bird. On the other hand, the (18) most common woodpeckers
25、 found in North America are the downy woodpecker and the hairy woodpecker. (19) have black and white feathers. The males also grow a red patch on their heads. The downy woodpecker is about six inches long, (20) the hairy woodpecker may reach ten inches.（分数：20.00）A.besidesB.besideC.C exceptD.exceptio
26、nA.insectsB.cocksC.birdsD.fishA.wallsB.treesC.rocksD.soilA.homedB.roundC.smallD. D clawedA.forwardB.towardC.outwardD.inwardA.foodB.eggsC.balanceD.breathA.possibilityB.abilityC.flexibilityD.probabilityA.bodyB.toothC.footD.beakA.barkB.leafC.branchD.rootA.feelingB.senseC.headacheD.harmA.powerfulB.power
27、lessC.smallD.largeA.inB.withC.toD.soA.growsB.helpsC.deducesD.declinesA.inB.onC.aboutD.nearA.OneB.OtherC.AnotherD.ThisA.fastestB.smallestC.strongestD.rarestA.findingB.findsC.foundD.foundedA.oneB.twoC.threeD.fourA.AllB.EachC.BothD.NoneA.whileB.asC.whenD.if大学英语四级综合-完形填空(一)答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)In ev
28、ery cultivated language, there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words (1) which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we (2) , that is to say, from the (3) of our own family and from our familiar associates, and (
29、4) we should know and use even if we could not read or write. They (5) the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who (6) the language. (7) words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people at large and are not the exclusive (8) of a limited class. On the other hand, o
30、ur language (9) a multitude of words which are comparatively (10) used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every (11) person, but there is little (12) to use them at home or in the marketplace. Our (13) acquaintance with them comes not from our mothers (14) or from the talk of our
31、schoolmates, (15) from books that we read, lectures that we (16) , or the more (17) conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular (18) in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual (19) of everyday life. Such words are called “ (20) “, and the distinction between
32、 them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.（分数：20.00）A.atB.with C.byD.through解析：解析 惯用搭配题。由选项可知本句属于“介词+which”的定语从句结构，修饰先行词 those words；从句中谓语动词部分的 acquainted 常和 with 构成短语，意为“认识，了解”，故 B 正确。A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn 解析：解析 词义辨析题。由空格后的线索词 t
33、hat is to say(也就是说)可知，第二个 which 从句是对第一个 which 从句的解释。另外，that is to say 作为插入语，分析句子结构时可以忽略。因此本题的解题点就是要找一个与 from 连用的动词。study 意为“学习”，可与 from 连用，但常指比较深入的学习或研究，而且学习对象又常常是科学、艺术或其他需要深入探讨的学科，不是单纯地获得技巧；imitate意为“模仿”，用作及物动词；stimulate 意为“刺激，激发”；learn 意为“学习，学会”，常与 from连用，指通过学习、练习或别人教授以获得某种知识或技能，故 D 正确。A.matesB.re
34、lativesC.members D.fellows解析：解析 惯用搭配题。此题可由常用表达 family member(家庭成员)得出答案，即 members of our own family。A.which B.thatC.thoseD.ones解析：解析 语法结构题。本题所属的句子看似结构复杂，其实是限制性定语从句，和前面 1、2 题所在句并列，共同修饰先行词 those words。所以由三个并列的由 which 引导的定语从句可以推知选 A。that和 which 都可以引导定语从句，但在以下情况下只能用 that 来引导：先行词为 all，little，something，any
35、，many，anything，nothing 时；先行词 all，the same，the only，few，much，some，any，no 修饰时；当先行词既有人又有物时；当先行词被最高级或表示次序的词修饰时。非限制性定语从句只能由 which，who，whose，when，where，as 引导。A.mindB.concern C.careD.involve解析：解析 词义辨析题。mind 和 care 意为“介意，计较”，concern 意为“涉及”，involve 意为“卷入；包含”，结合句意可知，B 正确。A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use 解析：解析 词义辨析题。
36、hire 意为“雇用”，apply 意为“运用，申请”，adopt 意为“采用，采纳”，use 意为“使用”，本题的宾语为 the language，所以 D 正确，即“使用语言”。A.BothB.EachC.Such D.All解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。由后半句 since 引导的原因状语从句可知，such 意为“这样的，这种”，符合句意，指代之前所讲的一类 words。A.rightB.privilege C.shareD.possession解析：解析 词义辨析题。right 意为“权利”，指一种“法律主张”，是抽象的概念；privilege 意为“特权”，被一部分人所拥有的权利；shar
37、e 意为“份额”，指人们所拥有的一部分；possession 意为“拥有”，指拥有的状态。由本句末尾的 limited class 可知，是说特定阶级的特权，所以选 B。A.consistsB.comprises C.constitutesD.composes解析：解析 词义辨析题。consist 是不及物动词，后面需要接 of，意为“由组成”；comprise 是及物动词，意为“包括，由组成”；constitute 是及物动词，意为“组成，构成”；compose 作“构成，组成”讲时，为及物动词，常用于 be composed of(由组成)；结合句意可知，B 正确。consist 和 co
38、mprise 意为“由组成”，constitute 和 compose 意为“组成，构成”，两组词词义相反。A.seldom B.muchC.neverD.often解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。seldom 意为“很少，不常”，从形容第一种词汇的 daily，common，popular等词可推断，第二种词汇应为比较少用的，故选 A。A.breedingB.cultivatingC.educated D.learning解析：解析 词义辨析题。用过去分词 educated 作定语修饰 people，意为“受过教育的人”，符合句意，故选 C；其他选项分别是意为“养育”、“培养”和“学习”的现在分词形
39、式，不可直接修饰people，均排除。A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity 解析：解析 词义辨析题。necessity 意为“必要性”，本句是指在家里或集市上没有必要使用这些词汇；prospect 意为“前景”，way 意为“方式”，reason 意为“理由”，均排除。A.primaryB.first C.principalD.prior解析：解析 词义辨析题。first 意为“起初，首先”，本句的意思是“我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的”；primary 意为“首要的；最初阶段的”，principal 意为“主要的，首要的”，prior
40、意为“优先的，在前的”，后三个词都暗含在重要性方面的比较，但文中并未体现此意，故排除。A.tipsB.mouthC.lips D.tongue解析：解析 惯用搭配题。from ones lips 是惯用搭配，意为“从某人嘴里”，故选 C。A.besidesB.andC.orD.but 解析：解析 惯用搭配题。由上一句comes not from和本句_from可推知，该空应为notbut的惯用搭配，所以 D 正确。notbut 意为“不是而是”，连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折，可连接表语、谓语、宾语和主语。连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致，例如：Not the
41、 students but the teacher is hoping to go there不是学生而是老师希望去那儿。A.hearB.attend C.goD.listen解析：解析 惯用搭配题。attend a lecture 是惯用搭配，意为“参加讲座”，故选 B。A.formerB.formulaC.formal D.formative解析：解析 词义辨析题。formal 意为“正式的”，从上文的相关信息词 books，lectures 和 highly educated speakers 可知，C 正确，即“更加正式的交谈”；former 意为“以前的”，formula 意为“公式
42、，方程”，formative 意为“形成的”，均排除。A.themeB.topic C.ideaD.point解析：解析 词义辨析题。topic 意为“话题”，本题指讨论的话题，故选 B；theme 意为“(谈话的)题目，(文章的)主题”，idea 意为“主意，观点”，point 意为“观点，论点”，因此可知 B 符合句意。A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent 解析：解析 词义辨析题。degree 和 extent 均可表示程度，但 degree 多用来衡量质量、感情和能力，而 extent 可表示“范围”。本句意为“讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围”，所以 exte
43、nt 正确；border 意为“边界”，link 意为“连接”，均排除。A.usedB.learned C.knownD.new解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。本题属于反义复现，由第一种词汇 popular 以及文中所说的第二种词汇的出处可知答案为 learned，即“学术上的”。We have spoken of marriage as a formal contract. It should be noted, however, that this contract does not (1) the same form in different societies. In Western soci
44、eties, the (2) of a man and a woman (3) given the status of legal marriage by being registered by an official (4) by the state. In some African cities, (5) , marriage has nothing to do (6) an official registration of this kind but is legalized by the formal (7) of goods. Generally (8) is the bridegr
45、oom who is required to make a payment of goods to the brides kin(亲戚), though (9) a payment is also made by the bridegrooms kin to (10) of the bride.Among the Nuer, a (11) living in Southern Sudan, the payment made over to the brides kin, (12) as bride- wealth, is in the (13) of cattle. Once the (14)
46、 of bride- wealth is agreed (15) , and the formal payment is made, the marriage becomes a (16) union and the offspring of the union become the acceptable (17) of the husband. They remain (18) children even (19) the wife subsequently leaves him to live with (20) man.（分数：20.00）A.makeB.getC.take D.do解析
47、：解析 惯用搭配题。take the form of 是惯用搭配，意为“采取形式”，故选 C。A.conditionB.differenceC.union D.divorce解析：解析 词义辨析题。union 意为“结合”，即“在西方社会，男女的结合只有由政府认可的官员登记后才算合法婚姻”，所以 C 正确；condition 意为“条件”，difference 意为“区别”，divorce 意为“离婚”，均不符合句意。A.is B.areC.wasD.were解析：解析 语法结构题。谓语动词的主语是 the union，为单数，且联系上下文的时态可知，空格处应填入一般现在时，故选 A。A.re
48、cognizingB.recognizeC.recognizesD.recognized 解析：解析 语法结构题。recognized 意为“经过验证的，认可的”，过去分词短语 recognized by the state 作定语修饰 official，即“被认可的官员”，故选 D。A.however B.yetC.thoughD.still解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。结合上下文可知，marriage has nothing to do _ an official registration of this kind 与given the status of legal marriage by b
49、eing registered by an official 形成对比，所以空格处应填入表转折的词，排除 C、D 项；由于空格前后用逗号隔开，故选 A。A.with B.fromC.forD.to解析：解析 惯用搭配题。have nothing to dowith 是惯用搭配，意为“与无关”，故选 A。A.exchange B.contactC.communicationD.connection解析：解析 词义辨析题。exchange 意为“交换”，结合句意“婚姻通过正式的货物取得合法地位”可知，A 正确；contact 意为“接触”，communication 意为“交流，交换(消息)”，connection 意为“连接”，均排除。A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it 解析：解析 语法结构题。此处考查强调句型，即 It iswho/that 结构，it 作形式主语，故选 D。A.oftenB.sometimes C.alwaysD.sometime解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。由句首的 Generally
