1、大学英语四级综合-45 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Since the settlement of Jamestown in 1607, well over 45 million people have immigrated to the United States. Up until 1882, the policy of the United States was almost one of free and unrestricted admittance. The country was
2、 regarded as the land of the free, a haven for those oppressed by tyrants, and a place of opportunity.Immigration of white ethnics to the United States can be viewed from the perspective of old migration and new migration. The old migration consisted of people from northern Europe who came before th
3、e 1880s. The new migration was much larger in numbers and consisted of people from southern and eastern Europe who came between 1880 and 1920. The ethnic groups that made up the old migration included the English, Dutch, French, Germans, Irish, Scandinavians, Scots, and Welsh. The new migration incl
4、uded Poles, Hungarians, Ukrainians, Russians, Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, and Armenians.The new migration sent far more immigrants to the United States than the old migration. The earlier immigrants felt threatened by the waves of unskilled and uneducated newcomers whose appearance and culture wer
5、e so different from their own. Public pressure for immigration restriction increased. After 1921 quotas were established limiting the number of people that could arrive from any particular country. The quotas were specifically designed to discriminate against potential immigrants from the southern a
6、nd eastern European countries. This discriminatory immigration policy remained in effect until 1965 when a new policy was established.In contrast to the stereotype of the European immigrant arriving at Ellis Island as in previous eras, todays immigrant is likely to be from the Orient and arrive by p
7、lane. Since 1970, Asian immigrants have been rising rapidly both in number and as a percentage of all immigrants to the United States. In fact, the United States Asian immigrant population is increasing faster than the foreign born population from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and Canada c
8、ombined. Europe, on the other hand, no longer sends many of its natives to Americas shores. Even with the massive immigration from Europe during their early history, only 26 percent of todays foreign born population came from Europe, and only 13 percent of them have arrived since 1980.（分数：20.00）(1).
9、What was the policy of immigration of the United States up until 1882?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(2).What people did the old immigration consist of?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to the passage, the new immigration consists of_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(4).People from _were discriminated against by the quotas of immigra
10、tion restriction.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(5).In contrast to the stereotype of the European immigrant arriving at Ellis Island, what are the differences of todays immigrant?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：60.00)The Space Age officially began on October 4, 1957, (1) the Soviet Union launched the modest 185-p
11、ound Sputnik , the first (2) satellite to orbit the earth. The following month, Russians succe- ssfully launched the 1100-pound Sputnik , (3) carried into space the globe, a female dog (4) Laika, who suffocated (窒息) on the sixth day of the (5) because of a failure (6) the internal temperature of the
12、 craft. But the satellite itself orbited the earth for 162 days and (7) up on reentering the earths atmosphere.The United States, (8) second fiddle (小提琴) to its superpower (9) , orbited its first satellite, Explorer I, on January 31, 1958. It was a lightweight, 18-pound craft, carrying not animals b
13、ut (10) instruments to study the (11) bands of energy in space (12) as the Van Allen radiation belts. Within the (13) fifteen years man had gone to the moon, searching beneath its (14) and dusty soil for (15) of life (there were (16) ), and begun probing more distant (17) of the solar system. (18) p
14、hysicist, Werner Von Braun, played a crucial role in this odyssey (史诗), especially in (19) the bold scheme for the 1969 (20) of three Americans on the moon.（分数：60.00）A.andB.whenC.thenD.beforeA.spaceB.mannedC.trueD.artificialA.whichB.theyC.thatD.itA.namedB.nameC.namingD.namesA.courseB.flightC.orbitin
15、gD.passageA.onB.aboutC.inD.withA.crashedB.hitC.damagedD.burnedA.playB.playedC.playingD.playsA.rivalB.partnerC.enemyD.friendA.sensibleB.sensitiveC.accurateD.exactA.intenseB.sharpC.passionateD.violentA.calledB.thatC.namedD.knownA.followedB.anotherC.nextD.pastA.wetB.dampC.moistD.dryA.indicationB.signC.
16、symbolD.referenceA.noB.notC.neitherD.noneA.universeB.sphereC.realmsD.spaceA.OneB.ItsC.ThisD.ThatA.inventingB.planningC.devisingD.plottingA.carryingB.launchingC.sendingD.landing三、Translation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1.Our conclusion is based on all available knowledge, 1 (而不是基于猜测和想像).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_2.In our c
17、ountry, more and more people 1(关心自然环境).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_3.The prices of these goods 1(从几美元到数百美元不等).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_4.Not until I began to work 1(我才知道自己已经浪费掉了多少时间 ).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_5. 1(如果地球上没有空气的话), we would die.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-45 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.
18、00)Since the settlement of Jamestown in 1607, well over 45 million people have immigrated to the United States. Up until 1882, the policy of the United States was almost one of free and unrestricted admittance. The country was regarded as the land of the free, a haven for those oppressed by tyrants,
19、 and a place of opportunity.Immigration of white ethnics to the United States can be viewed from the perspective of old migration and new migration. The old migration consisted of people from northern Europe who came before the 1880s. The new migration was much larger in numbers and consisted of peo
20、ple from southern and eastern Europe who came between 1880 and 1920. The ethnic groups that made up the old migration included the English, Dutch, French, Germans, Irish, Scandinavians, Scots, and Welsh. The new migration included Poles, Hungarians, Ukrainians, Russians, Italians, Greeks, Portuguese
21、, and Armenians.The new migration sent far more immigrants to the United States than the old migration. The earlier immigrants felt threatened by the waves of unskilled and uneducated newcomers whose appearance and culture were so different from their own. Public pressure for immigration restriction
22、 increased. After 1921 quotas were established limiting the number of people that could arrive from any particular country. The quotas were specifically designed to discriminate against potential immigrants from the southern and eastern European countries. This discriminatory immigration policy rema
23、ined in effect until 1965 when a new policy was established.In contrast to the stereotype of the European immigrant arriving at Ellis Island as in previous eras, todays immigrant is likely to be from the Orient and arrive by plane. Since 1970, Asian immigrants have been rising rapidly both in number
24、 and as a percentage of all immigrants to the United States. In fact, the United States Asian immigrant population is increasing faster than the foreign born population from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and Canada combined. Europe, on the other hand, no longer sends many of its natives to
25、 Americas shores. Even with the massive immigration from Europe during their early history, only 26 percent of todays foreign born population came from Europe, and only 13 percent of them have arrived since 1980.（分数：20.00）(1).What was the policy of immigration of the United States up until 1882?（分数：
26、4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Almost one of free and unrestricted admittance）解析：解析 细节题。根据第一段 up until 1882，the policy of the United States was almost one of free and unrestricted admittance 可知，直到 1882 年，美国政策对移民几乎没有限制。(2).What people did the old immigration consist of?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：People from northern
27、 Europe who came before the 1880s）解析：解析 细节题。根据第二段 The old migration consisted of people可知，旧移民指的是1880 年前来自北欧的人。(3).According to the passage, the new immigration consists of_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：people from southern and eastern Europe between 1880 and 1920）解析：解析 细节题。根据第二段 The new migration was much
28、 larger in numbers andconsisted of可知，新移民指的是 1880 到 1920 年间来自南欧和东欧的人。(4).People from _were discriminated against by the quotas of immigration restriction.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：the southern and eastern European countries）解析：解析 细节题。根据第三段 The quotas were specifically designed to discriminate against po
29、tential immigrants可知，1921 年后美国移民政策实施配额限制，配额尤其歧视来自南欧和东欧的人。(5).In contrast to the stereotype of the European immigrant arriving at Ellis Island, what are the differences of todays immigrant?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Most come from the Orient and arrive by plane）解析：解析 细节题。根据最后一段 todays immigrant is likely
30、 to be from the Orient and arrive by plane 可知，现在的移民大部分来自东方国家，而且与以往不同的是，他们不是乘轮船来的，而是乘飞机来的。二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：60.00)The Space Age officially began on October 4, 1957, (1) the Soviet Union launched the modest 185-pound Sputnik , the first (2) satellite to orbit the earth. The following month, Russians su
31、cce- ssfully launched the 1100-pound Sputnik , (3) carried into space the globe, a female dog (4) Laika, who suffocated (窒息) on the sixth day of the (5) because of a failure (6) the internal temperature of the craft. But the satellite itself orbited the earth for 162 days and (7) up on reentering th
32、e earths atmosphere.The United States, (8) second fiddle (小提琴) to its superpower (9) , orbited its first satellite, Explorer I, on January 31, 1958. It was a lightweight, 18-pound craft, carrying not animals but (10) instruments to study the (11) bands of energy in space (12) as the Van Allen radiat
33、ion belts. Within the (13) fifteen years man had gone to the moon, searching beneath its (14) and dusty soil for (15) of life (there were (16) ), and begun probing more distant (17) of the solar system. (18) physicist, Werner Von Braun, played a crucial role in this odyssey (史诗), especially in (19)
34、the bold scheme for the 1969 (20) of three Americans on the moon.（分数：60.00）A.andB.when C.thenD.before解析：解析 语法结构题。结合空格后的内容可知，这是一个缺少引导词的时间状语从句，所以 B 正确。A.spaceB.mannedC.trueD.artificial 解析：解析 词义辨析题。space 意为“太空”；manned 意为“载人的”；true 意为“真实的”；artificial 意为“人造的”。结合句意可知，此处提到的这颗卫星应是“第一颗人造卫星”，故选 D。A.which B.th
35、eyC.thatD.it解析：解析 语法结构题。在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词用 which 而不用 that，故选 A。A.named B.nameC.namingD.names解析：解析 语法结构题。name 意为“给取名”，常接复合宾语，在本句中应使用过去分词作定语，即 named，故选 A。A.courseB.flight C.orbitingD.passage解析：解析 词义辨析题。course 意为“路线，过程”，passage 意为“通道”，night 意为“飞行”，orbiting 意为“环绕”。人造卫星是绕地球飞行的，而对于小狗来说，这只是一种飞行，所以 B 正确。A.onB
36、.aboutC.in D.with解析：解析 惯用搭配题。“在某方面失败”一般用 failure in sth或 failure to do sth，所以C 正确。A.crashedB.hitC.damagedD.burned 解析：解析 词义辨析题。crash 虽可作不及物动词，但一般指与某物撞击后毁灭，排除 A；hit 也暗示了“撞击”；damage 用作不及物动词时表示“受到损坏”，但不与 up 接用，故排除；burn 意为“燃烧”，burn up 有“烧毁，烧尽”之意，当飞行器进入大气时会与大气摩擦生热，热量如果不能及时散发就会导致燃烧，故选 D。A.playB.playedC.pla
37、ying D.plays解析：解析 语法结构题。此处应该用现在分词作伴随状语，play second fiddle 为习语，意为“居次要地位”，故选 C。A.rival B.partnerC.enemyD.friend解析：解析 词义辨析题。结合上文可知，为夺取制空权，关苏两个超级大国互不示弱，争先发射地球卫星。所以在竞争方面，他们既不是朋友(friend)，也不是敌人(enemy)，更不是合作伙伴(partner)，而是互为对手(rival)，所以 A 正确。A.sensibleB.sensitive C.accurateD.exact解析：解析 词义辨析题。sensible 意为“可感觉到
38、的，实用的”；sensitive 意为“敏感的”；accurate 意为“精密的”；exact 意为“确切的”。结合句意“飞行器没有携带动物，而是携带_仪器”可排除 A、D 项；且由于“精密仪器”应为 precision instrument，故排除 C，选 B。A.intense B.sharpC.passionateD.violent解析：解析 词义辨析题。intense 意为“强烈的”，能量带里的反应是强烈的，所以 A 正确。sharp 意为“锋利的，强烈的”，但多指病痛强烈的；passionate 意为“充满热情的”；violent 意为“猛烈的”：这三项均排除。A.calledB.t
39、hatC.namedD.known 解析：解析 惯用搭配题。be known as 是惯用搭配，意为“作为而得名”，所以 D 正确。A.followedB.anotherC.next D.past解析：解析 词义辨析题。the next fifteen years 是指在美国发射第一颗卫星后的 15 年中，故选C；follow 修饰名词时常用 the following，相当于 the next，排除 A；文中未提及 one fifteen years，所以不用 another，排除 B；the past fifteen years 意为“过去 15 年(距现在)”，文章首句提到发射人造卫星开
40、启了人类的太空时代，因而登月只可能在这之后，排除 D。next 与 the next 的区别：表示“从现在算起”，用 the next 和 next 都行；若表示“从过去或将来某一点算起”，则只能用 the next。A.wetB.dampC.moistD.dry 解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。wet 是中性词，表客观描述；damp 含有贬义，意为“过分潮湿”；moist 含有褒义，意为“有点湿，水灵灵，有汁的”等；由 dusty soil 可知，只有沙土很干时才有可能尘土飞扬，所以 D 正确。A.indicationB.sign C.symbolD.reference解析：解析 词义辨析题。ind
41、ication 意为“迹象”，但表示生命的迹象时，一般用 sxgn of life；symbol 意为“符号，象征”，reference 意为“参考”，均排除。结合句意，B 正确。A.noB.notC.neitherD.none 解析：解析 语法结构题。结合语法结构可知，如果选 A、B 项，其后还应该接其他成分，故排除这两项；neither 意为“两者都不”，不符合句意；none 为否定代词，在句中作宾语，正确。A.universeB.sphereC.realmsD.space 解析：解析 词义辨析题。universe 意为“宇宙”，包括太阳系，所以没有 the universe of the
42、 solar system 的说法；sphere 意为“球体，范围”，当它意为“范围”时，常指知识、兴趣或势力范围；realms of 意为“领域”，后接抽象名词；space 意为“空间”，结合句意可知，D 正确。，A.One B.ItsC.ThisD.That解析：解析 语法结构题。短文中第一次提到这位物理学家，只能用 one，所以 A 正确。A.inventingB.planning C.devisingD.plotting解析：解析 词义辨析题。invent 意为“发明”；plan 意为“策划”；devise 意为“发明，设计”；plot 意为“密谋”。选项中能与 scheme 搭配只有
43、 plan，故选 B。A.carryingB.launchingC.sendingD.landing 解析：解析 词义辨析题。carry 意为“搬运”；launch 意为“发射”；send 意为“发送”；land 意为“着陆，靠岸”。在月球上着陆应 land on the moon，故选 D。三、Translation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1.Our conclusion is based on all available knowledge, 1 (而不是基于猜测和想像).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：rather than guess or imagination
44、）解析：解析 分析句子结构，“而不是”可译 rather than，“基于猜测和想像”译为 guess or imagination，不要机械地译成“based on guess or imagination”。2.In our country, more and more people 1(关心自然环境).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：are concerned about natural environment）解析：解析 “关心”译为 be concerned about，“自然环境”译 natural environment。3.The prices of these
45、goods 1(从几美元到数百美元不等).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：range from several dollars to several hundred dollars）解析：解析 “从到不等”常可译 range fromto表示范围。4.Not until I began to work 1(我才知道自己已经浪费掉了多少时间 ).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：did I know how much time I had wasted）解析：解析 本题考查 not until 位于句首引导从句，主句谓语动词需部分倒装的情况。从句用过去时，由此可知主语的谓语动词应用过去时，“浪费时间”发生在“知道”之前，故宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。5. 1(如果地球上没有空气的话), we would die.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：If there were no air on the Earth）解析：解析 本题为虚拟条件句，需要用虚拟语气。
