1、大学英语四级综合-34 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 8(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneSociety was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century Great breakthroughs in engineering，the use of steam power，and electricity were there for all to see，enjoy，and sufferScience was fashionable and
2、 it is not SUrprising that during this great period of industrial development，scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man，particularly to those involved in the processes of production Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself feltThe t
3、hree industrial giants of the day，Germany，America，and Great Britain， began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible marketsScience and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiencyFrederick Winslow Tayl
4、or is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach，as a result of the publication of his book，The Principles of Scientific Management，published in 1911However，numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning
5、 of the centuryCharles Babbage，an English academic，wellknown for his invention of the mechanical computer(with the aid of a govemment gvatll as long as 1820)applied himself to the costing of processes，using scientific methods，and indeed might well be recognized as one ofthe fathers ofcost accounting
6、Taylor was of welltodo background and received an excellent education but， partly owing to troubles with his eyesight，decided to become an engineering apprenticeHe spent some twentyfive years in the tough，sometimes brutal， environment of the USsteel industry and carefully studied methods of WOrk whe
7、n he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.In 1901, T
8、aylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worl
9、dwide.（分数：45.00）(1).According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?（分数：9.00）A.Positive breakthroughs.B.Unlimited purchasing power.C.Science and competition.D.International competition.(2).Charles Babbage, an English academic,_（分数：9.00）A.tried to use computers in pro
10、duction processesB.first used computers in the area of cost accountingC.was the father of modem computersD.tried a scientific management approach(3).Taylor is most famous for_（分数：9.00）A.his application of scientific methods to workB.his book The Principles of Scientific ManagementC.his various innov
11、ations in steel processingD.the spreading of his scientific management method(4).Taylors scientific management method was described as _（分数：9.00）A.scientific and humanB.efficient but slave drivingC.academic but practicableD.brutal but highly successful(5).When he died in 1915, Taylor_（分数：9.00）A.purc
12、hased a steel millB.sold a steel millC.started to protect environmentD.left a huge school of followersPassage TwoIt was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first leg
13、al authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word, flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Di
14、e Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.“The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III Law
15、 has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tMe is unlik
16、ely to turn back. In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia(安乐死). In the U.S. and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering s
17、trength, observers are waiting for the dominoes(多米诺骨牌) to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as Terminally by two doctors. After a “cooling off“ period
18、 of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a
19、terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,“ he says.（分数：45.00）(1).Which of the following has the similar
20、meaning to the sentence “But the tide is unlikely to turn back“(Line 5, Par（分数：9.00）A.2)?A. U.S. and some other countries are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.B. It is impossible to pass the bill.C. Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.D. The fact that the NT Rig
21、hts of the Terminally Law has been passed probably cant be change(2).From the second paragraph we learn that_（分数：9.00）A.the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB.physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC.changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty
22、passage of the lawD.it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage(3).When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means_（分数：9.00）A.observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB.similar bills are likely to be pa
23、ssed in the U.S., Canada and other countriesC.observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD.the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop(4).When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will_（分数：9.00）A.face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB.experience the
24、suffering of a lung cancer patientC.have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD.undergo a cooling offperiod of seven days(5).The authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of_（分数：9.00）A.oppositionB.suspicionC.approvalD.doubtPassage ThreePublicity offers several benefits. There are not cost
25、s for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000 to $5,000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. However, there are costs for news releases, a publicity department, and other items. As with advertising, public
26、ity reaches a mass audience. Within a short time, new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates ind
27、ependence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Womens Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials duri
28、ng a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A finn has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issu
29、e detailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like.For example, in 1982, Procter it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media ascertain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of co
30、verage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored fobs program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper.（分数：45.00）(1).The author mentions all of the following advantages of publicity EXCEPT_（分数：9.00）A.having no time costsB.having attentivenessC.having high credibilit
31、yD.having high profitability(2).The second paragraph indicates that people are more likely to believe stories_（分数：9.00）A.in a newspaper than in a womens dailyB.in a newspaper than in a magazineC.in an independent newspaper than in a dependent newspaperD.in a magazine than in a local newspaper(3).Acc
32、ording to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：9.00）A.A firm can control and time publicity accurately.B.A firm can neither control nor time publicity accurately.C.A firm can either control or time publicity accurately.D.In most cases a finn can control and time publicity accur
33、ately.(4).The example in Paragraph 4 is intended to demonstrate_（分数：9.00）A.the power of publicityB.the victim of publicityC.the terrible effect of rumorsD.the vulnerability of people to publicity(5).The passage implies that_（分数：9.00）A.the placement of a story is not quite importantB.the report of a
34、crime may not be trueC.local newspapers are not interested in company-sponsored programsD.publicity is not always necessaryPassage FourEuropean governments are slamming the last door still open for so-called economic migrants from poor countries. Throughout the late 1980s more and more would-be migr
35、ants used this loophole. In 1992, 13 European countries were handling close to 700,000 requests for immigration a year. By June this year applications have dropped to almost a third of that rate. The largest falls are in Germany, which had Europes most open immigration policy, and in Sweden. In Germ
36、any almost all asylum-seekers and immigrants were let in and looked after at public expense until tribunals(法院) judged (and usually rejected) claims of persecution in their own countries. When Germany tightened the roles in July 1993, it was host to over 500,000 asylum-seekers. Even countries like B
37、ritain and France, which had stricter ways of separating political from economic migrants to begin with, have made it less attractive to seek asylum(避难), as new figures from the Inter-governmental Consultations on Asylum Refugees and Migration Matters.In Geneva suggest, Britains Home Office is speed
38、ing ways to detect fraudulent applications and has increased fines on ships and airlines that carry illegal immigrants. A common policy on asylum and immigration is an avowed(公开宣布的) goal of the European Union. Germany, which sees itself beset by would-be immigrants crossing neighboring lands, is esp
39、ecially keen. It wants other Europeans to consider the system Germany now uses of rejecting out of hand applications for political asylum from countries deemed “safe“, beginning with all of Germanys immediate neighbors.Other European governments, notably Frances, believe that it may be a mistake to
40、single out a handful of countries as free from persecution. Does this not imply the French would say that asylum-seekers from countries off the list are at risk (and so deserve protection). The French government would like to be able to decide for itself. If the fall in asylum applications is a guid
41、e, Europe has a common policy: keep the poor foreigners out. But it is not clear that a fortress-Europe policy by itself can work for long, now that the Cold War is gone. As Jonas Widgren, who monitors European migration in Vienna, points out, unless Western Europe works more closely on migration wi
42、th Eastern Europe and Russia, it is simply storing up troubles.（分数：45.00）(1).The author of this essay suggests that _（分数：9.00）A.political asylum is often used as a way to escape controlB.until 1992 Germany only left open its door for asylum-seekersC.France and the UK are both ideal choices for immig
43、ration-seekersD.Europe tries covertly to work out a common immigration policy(2).Germany now has a system of_（分数：9.00）A.rejecting asylum applications from economically safe countriesB.judging in court immigration-seekers reasons for applicationC.imposing heavy fines on economic migrants from poor co
44、untriesD.cooperating with its neighbors in choosing politically safe nations(3).Which of the following is the meaning of“fraudulent“(Line 1, Par（分数：9.00）A.2)?A. Authentic.B. Frustrating.C. Deceitful.D. Smuggle(4).Which of the following is implied in the passage?（分数：9.00）A.Europe as a whole turns its
45、 back on poor immigrants.B.European countries have a standard for political safety.C.Germany only handles applications of persecuted migrants.D.Other European Governments will follow Germanys suit.(5).How could the migration problem be solved as suggested by the author?（分数：9.00）A.The European Union
46、has to maintain a common policy on immigration.B.Asylum-seekers have to offer sufficient evidence of being persecuted.C.Rich countries should welcome both economic and political immigrants.D.Western Europe should cooperate closely with refugee-producing lands.大学英语四级综合-34 答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、
47、Unit 8(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneSociety was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century Great breakthroughs in engineering，the use of steam power，and electricity were there for all to see，enjoy，and sufferScience was fashionable and it is not SUrprising that during this gr
48、eat period of industrial development，scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man，particularly to those involved in the processes of production Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself feltThe three industrial giants of the day，Germany
49、，America，and Great Britain， began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible marketsScience and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiencyFrederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach，as a result of the publication of his book，The Principles of Scientific Management，published in 1911However，numerous other academ
