1、大学英语四级综合-33 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneJust 30 years ago some 700 million people lived in cities. Today the number stands at 1,800 million, and by the end of the century it will be up to 3,000 million-more than half the worlds estimated population. By the year 200
2、0 an estimated 650 million people will crowd into 60 cities of five million or more-three quarters of them in the developing world. Only a single First World city-metropolitan Tokyo, which will have 24 million people-is expected to be among the global top five; London, ranked second in 1950 with ten
3、 million people, will not even make 2000s top 25. In places where rates of natural population increase exceed three percent annually-meaning much of the Third World-that alone is enough to double a citys population within 20 years. But equally powerful are the streams of hopeful migrants from the co
4、untryside.What faces and confuses urban planners is the huge scale of these trends. There have never been cities of 30 million people, let alone ones dependent on roads, sewer and water supplies barely adequate for urban areas a tenth that size. And the flood of new arrivals in swelling Third World
5、cities far overtakes the supply of jobs-particularly as modem industries put a premium on technology rather than manpower. So it will be virtually impossible to find permanent employment for 30 to 40 percent of the 1,000 million new city inhabitants expected by the year 2000.Despite the terrible con
6、ditions that the city newcomers face, their numbers are growing at rates as much as twice that of the cities themselves-and every step taken to improve their living conditions in the slums only attracts more migrants.（分数：45.00）(1).The author uses Tokyo as an example mainly to show that _（分数：9.00）A.t
7、he biggest cities will still be in First World countriesB.its development speed will be greater than that of LondonC.most of the biggest cities will be in the Third World countriesD.Japanese will keep control of the growth of big cities such as Tokyo(2).Which of the following is NOT true according t
8、o the passage?（分数：9.00）A.Over half of the worlds population will move to cities by 2000.B.The order of the worlds biggest cities will be changed fundamentally by the year 2000.C.The world population will reach about 6,000 million by 2000.D.The poor countries will suffer more from the expansion of ci
9、ties by 2000.(3).According to the last paragraph, all of the following are true EXCEPT that _（分数：9.00）A.development of modem technology will reduce the use of manpowerB.urban planers will have no past experiences to borrowC.the growth of urban population is faster than that of citiesD.the improvemen
10、t of urban living conditions is to attract more migrants from the countryside(4).The expression“put a premium on“(Line 5, Para 2) can best be replaced by _（分数：9.00）A.are in need ofB.devote much attention toC.have no lack ofD.think little of(5).Which of the following is the main topic of this passage
11、?（分数：9.00）A.The increase of world population.B.The improvement of urban living conditions.C.The migrants from the countryside and their unemployment.D.The expansion of cities and its consequences,Passage TwoWater pollution affects mans health, recreational use of water, industrial of water and sense
12、 of beauty.The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly developed countries in particular, emphasis has shifted from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-carried viral(病毒性的) disease. Viral hepatitis(肝炎), for example, has been found to occur more frequently in ci
13、ties whose water supplies have comparatively high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem.It is clear that poisonous chemicals must be excluded from water, but more and more chemicals fr
14、om new pesticides, fertilizers, and other new products have been found in water. Since the public health significance of these chemicals is not yet fully known, they are of increasing concern. The chemicals from fertilizers are also finding their way into water supplies from groundwater pollution.As
15、 mans desire for water-based recreation increases, greater demands are placed on the quality of water. The water must not only be attractive in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sports such as swimming involve direct contact with water, and so water standards are raised higher.The r
16、ange of water quality necessary for industrial processes varies greatly with the intended use of water. The water used in steel mills, for example, must have a lower chloride(氯物) level than that accepted for drinking water. Cooling water can often be of comparatively low sanitary quality. A large pa
17、rt of the water used in the paper-making industry can be of relatively low quality in some aspects, but must contain little iron and carbon dioxide.（分数：45.00）(1).According to the passage, the people in highly developed countries today are most concerned about_（分数：9.00）A.bacterial diseaseB.water-carr
18、ied diseaseC.poisonous chemicals in streamsD.water impurity(2).The chemicals from pesticides and fertilizers found in water are of increasing concern because_（分数：9.00）A.their significance to mans health has not been completely knownB.they may cause groundwater pollutionC.they can find their way into
19、 water supplies for farmersD.they are important factors contributing to the spread of disease(3).According to the passage, water-based recreation demands that_（分数：9.00）A.the water contains a higher level of oxygenB.the water contains little iron and carbon dioxideC.the water be attractive and of hig
20、h qualityD.the water standards be appropriate for all sports(4).In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following EXCEPT _（分数：9.00）A.water quality necessary for steel millsB.soft water and hard water for industrial processesC.cooling water of low sanitary qualityD.water standards for p
21、aper mills(5).As the passage is not complete, what do you think would follow in its full text?（分数：9.00）A.The relationship between carbon dioxide and paper making.B.Water pollutions direct economic effects on man.C.Examples of continued water pollution.D.Mans views on water pollution in terms of beau
22、ty values.Passage ThreeDemands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 counties are members, have shown that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies ar
23、e in danger of dying out.European concem for wildlife was outlined by Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold
24、 the councils diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr Peter Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remaine
25、d a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.“No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction,“ he went on. The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human deman
26、ds for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.“We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends,“ Dr Baum went on. “We could manage without most industrial products,
27、but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass./（分数：45.00）(1).Recent studies by the council of Europe have indicated that_（分数：9.00）A.wildlif
28、e needs more protection only in BritainB.all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying outC.there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhereD.many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting(2).Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park?（
29、分数：9.00）A.Because he needed to present it with a councils diploma.B.Because he was concerned about its management.C.Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.D.Because it was the only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council.(3).The last sentence in the second paragr
30、aph implies that_（分数：9.00）A.people should make every effort to create mere environment areasB.people would go on protecting national parksC.certain areas of countryside should be left intactD.people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks(4).In Dr Baums opinion, the view th
31、at a nature reserve should serve as a tourist attraction is_（分数：9.00）A.idealisticB.revolutionaryC.short-sightedD.traditional(5).Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：9.00）A.We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.B.We have forgotten what our original cou
32、ntryside looked like.C.People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.D.We should destroy all the built-up areas.Passage FourScientists are closely concerned with the structure of buildings and with the quality of building materials. The World Health Organization(WHO) o
33、bserves that the introduction of air conditioning and energy conservation measures have been accompanied by growing problems of indoor air quality. Some pollutants arise from insulation products, some from moving cars, and others from modern housing materials. As many Europeans spend up to 90% of th
34、eir lives in buildings, the health effects of the indoor climate are very important.Some construction materials, including fiberboard, insulation foams and certain glues for man-made wood floor boards, for example, gives out organic products such as formaldehyde(甲). Heat and humidity increase the re
35、lease of formaldehyde and the gas seriously harms the eyes. Paint, lacquer, etc. can also release dangerous gas into indoor air.Construction materials can cause serious damage, especially when they contain asbestos(石棉). Asbestos is naturally present in rock formations worldwide. It belongs to a fami
36、ly of mineral substances composed of solid, non-combustible fiber. These properties make asbestos a highly sought-after construction material. As early as 1931, however, public health officers in the United Kingdom revealed the connection between breathing in asbestos dust and such diseases as lung
37、cancer.The land on which a building is sited may also contribute to pollution. Some kinds of granite or similar rocks contain traces of radium(/i ). As it breaks down, this naturally radioactive element produce some kind of radioactive gas that goes through tiny cracks in walls, floors and building
38、materials, and makes its way into the building and the rooms. The better the homes are insulated, the more is the dangerous gas in indoor air. The main effect of this dangerous gas on health is to increase the risk of lung cancer.（分数：45.00）(1).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：9.00）A.Some bui
39、lding materials pollute indoor air.B.Some factors cause indoor air pollution.C.Asbestos can cause lung cancer.D.The land on which houses are built contributes to indoor pollution.(2).Why are Europeans particularly concerned with building materials?（分数：9.00）A.Lots of building materials there are radi
40、oactive.B.They stay home up to 90% of their lives.C.They have a high rate of lung cancer.D.They spend most of their time indoors.(3).Why is asbestos a sought-after building material?（分数：9.00）A.It is a kind of insulation foam.B.Asbestos will not give out dangerous gas.C.This material is not easy to c
41、atch fire.D.It is rarely present in rock formations.(4).What research results did a health organization in the UK announce in 1931 ?（分数：9.00）A.Kinds of dangerous building materials used indoors.B.The connections of the use of granite with lung cancer.C.The relationship between polluted indoor air an
42、d lung cancer.D.The relationship between asbestos and diseas(5).Why should we be careful about the land on which a building is to be sited?（分数：9.00）A.To determine whether the land is firm enough for a building to be sited on.B.To make sure that the land contains no radioactive material.C.To make cer
43、tain that the land releases no formaldehyde or other gases.D.To check whether it contains any combustible materials.大学英语四级综合-33 答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneJust 30 years ago some 700 million people lived in cities. Today the number stands at 1,800 million, and by th
44、e end of the century it will be up to 3,000 million-more than half the worlds estimated population. By the year 2000 an estimated 650 million people will crowd into 60 cities of five million or more-three quarters of them in the developing world. Only a single First World city-metropolitan Tokyo, wh
45、ich will have 24 million people-is expected to be among the global top five; London, ranked second in 1950 with ten million people, will not even make 2000s top 25. In places where rates of natural population increase exceed three percent annually-meaning much of the Third World-that alone is enough
46、 to double a citys population within 20 years. But equally powerful are the streams of hopeful migrants from the countryside.What faces and confuses urban planners is the huge scale of these trends. There have never been cities of 30 million people, let alone ones dependent on roads, sewer and water
47、 supplies barely adequate for urban areas a tenth that size. And the flood of new arrivals in swelling Third World cities far overtakes the supply of jobs-particularly as modem industries put a premium on technology rather than manpower. So it will be virtually impossible to find permanent employmen
48、t for 30 to 40 percent of the 1,000 million new city inhabitants expected by the year 2000.Despite the terrible conditions that the city newcomers face, their numbers are growing at rates as much as twice that of the cities themselves-and every step taken to improve their living conditions in the sl
49、ums only attracts more migrants.（分数：45.00）(1).The author uses Tokyo as an example mainly to show that _（分数：9.00）A.the biggest cities will still be in First World countriesB.its development speed will be greater than that of LondonC.most of the biggest cities will be in the Third World countries D.Japanese will keep control of the growth of big cities such as Tokyo解析：推断题。文中提及 Tokyo 时用到 Only a single First World city，而且第一段倒数第二句也证明了本题选 C。(2).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：9.00）A.Over half o
