1、大学英语四级综合-16 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneOpportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grow older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejectio
2、n. Our youth-oriented, throw-away culture sees little value in older people. The writer Lilian Hellman said they have “the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.“Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women.
3、A national council reports these findings: though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism(缺勤), perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn little and
4、 face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When “sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in,“ according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women.Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging sh
5、ows that as a group, older Americans are the “wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history.“ This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears. Opportunities fo
6、r moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer.
7、They are ploughing new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great deal of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up: instantly at age 21.（分数：45.00）(1
8、).After the age of 40,_（分数：9.00）A.most workers are tired of their present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt for more suitable jobs(2).From Hellmanns remark, we can see that _（分数：9.00）A.full use has bee
9、n made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC.older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society(3).Tish Sommers argues that_（分数：9.00）A.older women find it hard to escape pover
10、tyB.older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism(4).According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans _（分数：9.00）A.have more job opportunities than young peopleB.liv
11、e below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement(5).It can be concluded from the passage that the writer_（分数：9.00）A.calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that the value of ol
12、der people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attempts to justify the youth-oriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70Passage TwoFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment i
13、s available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the c
14、ase of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly movi
15、ng a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal(脊柱的) injury and paralysis(瘫痪).Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be rea
16、ssured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as di
17、abetes or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether
18、 life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the acronym(首字母缩写) ABC, which stands for:A-Airway: is it open and clear?B-Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.C-Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ext
19、ernally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.（分数：45.00）(1).First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT _（分数：9.00）A.saving a victims lifeB.preventing a victims condition from getting worseC.relieving a victim from painD.helping a person a
20、void sudden illness or injury(2).Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us _（分数：9.00）A.to make sure what to do and what not to doB.to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aidC.to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearingD.to take him to a hospital at once(3).In
21、administering first aid to a victim, you should first of all _（分数：9.00）A.remove him from the accident sceneB.turn him overC.call for professional medical helpD.examine him carefully(4).You may assess a victims condition by all the following EXCEPT _（分数：9.00）A.checking whether there is a pulseB.looki
22、ng, listening and feeling for breathingC.replacing his medical bracelet or cardD.examining whether the airway is open and clear(5).The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader_（分数：9.00）A.the importance of protecting the accident sceneB.some basic facts about first aidC.what professional medical
23、help isD.who can administer first aidPassage ThreeThe significance of trust is that it allows the parties involved in the relationship to indicate how they feel, what they behave, and where they disagree without fear of contradiction or reprisal(报复). Trusting relationship encourage people to disclos
24、e their plans and perceptions without hurting themselves or others. Hurt, whether real or imagined, is one of the most harmful consequences of personal relationships with other human beings. In situations which you feel that the other person has the power and intent to hurt you, trust diminishes qui
25、ckly. Thus a climate of distrust appears in your relations with others. Conversely, if I can say whatever comes to my mind without etting hurt, a climate of trust pervades the relationship.Trust is a perceptual phenomenon that evolves from our experiences with others. If trusting were so easy, we wo
26、uld not need to make such a point of its importance in human relationships. To say that a person should trust others is to diminish the difficulty of producing trust. In mutual relationships, both parties must behave toward one another in trusting ways. Even though it hurts in the pit of the stomach
27、, you must trust the other person and encourage him or her to say those things that demand a trusting response. No one likes to get hurt and few like to hurt others, especially not those others who are close to us in person-to-person relationships.We avoid expressing our true feelings lest we become
28、 the target of a revenging attack from the other person. If I indicate that I do not appreciate having you smoke in my car, I may love you as a friend or I may become the subject of ridicule for allowing little things like that to bother me. If that happens, I will be less open and less trusting of
29、you the next time.（分数：45.00）(1).The significance of trust lies in the fact that_（分数：9.00）A.trust is not easy to reach between human beingsB.trust allows people to say whatever comes to their mindsC.one likes to get hurtD.few like to trust others(2).What will NOT happen ifa person feels he will be hu
30、rt by the other?（分数：9.00）A.Trust diminishes quickly.B.He will disclose his plans and perceptions.C.A climate of distrust pervades the relationship.D.One of the most harmful consequences of personal relationships with others appear.(3).Trust is a phenomenon that _（分数：9.00）A.results from our experienc
31、es with othersB.comes from our perceptionsC.may trust in the pit of the stomachD.has the power and intent to hurt you(4).People avoid expressing their true feelings because _（分数：9.00）A.they become the target of revenging attack from othersB.they are not so open and trusting othersC.they do not want
32、to become the target of revenging attack from othersD.they do not want to lose friends(5).Which of the following is implied but not stated in the passage?（分数：9.00）A.People usually do not like to trust those who are close to us.B.People will usually get reprisal or ridicule for their trust.C.If trust
33、 has been established, it will never disappear.D.The negative response will usually result in the diminishing of trusting between persons.Passage FourPeople travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines(圣地). Others are looking for culture, or simply want to h
34、ave their pictures taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like London, Copenhag
35、en, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacat
36、ion. They all come for the same reason: sun!The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterlanean countries. Italys 30,000 hotels are booked solid every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks and roadsides. Spains long sandy coastline attracts more people tha
37、n anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly, or one tourist for every person living in Spain.But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism, its getting worse. The Fre
38、nch cant.figure out what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St. Tropez. And in many places, swimming is dangerous because of pollution.None of this, however, is spoiling anyones fun. The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists. Obviously, they dont go there for clean
39、water and solitude. They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches. They dont even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is, the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as the sun shines, its still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin, London or Oslo.（分数：45.00
40、）(1).The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that _（分数：9.00）A.they want to see historic remains or religious spotsB.they are interested in different cultural traditions and social customC.they would like to take pictures in front of famous sitesD.they wish to escape fro
41、m the cold, dark and rainy days back at home(2).In Paragraph 2, cities like London, Copenhagen and Amsterdam are mentioned_（分数：9.00）A.to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climateB.to tell us how wealthy their residents areC.to suggest that these cities lack places of histo
42、ric interest and scenic beautyD.to prove that they have got more tourism than they can handle(3).According to the passage, which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others?（分数：9.00）A.Italy.B.Spain.C.France.D.Greec(4).The latter half of the last sentence in Paragraph 3, i.e. “o
43、r one tourist for every person living in Spain“ means_（分数：9.00）A.all the 37 million people living in Spain are touristsB.every year ahnost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that countryC.every person living in Spain has to take Care of a touristD.every Spanish is visited by
44、a tourist every year(5).According to the passage, which of the following factors might spoil the tourists fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches?（分数：9.00）A.Polluted water.B.Crowded buses.C.Traffic jams.D.Rainy weather.大学英语四级综合-16 答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneOpport
45、unities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grow older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, throw-away culture sees little value in older people. The
46、writer Lilian Hellman said they have “the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.“Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings: though unemployed longer when seeking
47、work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism(缺勤), perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn little and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When “sexism meets ageism, p
48、overty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in,“ according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women.Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the “wealthiest, best fed, best housed,
49、healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history.“ This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears. Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectati
