1、大学英语四级真题 2008 年 01 月及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.各大学为学生开设了多种多样的选修课 2. 学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课 3. 以我自己为例. B What Electives to Choose/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Universities Branch Out/BAs never before in their long history, universities have become instrum
2、ents of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to th
3、e flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seekin
4、g students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science
5、for the benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in
6、2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States a
7、nd 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors i
8、n science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 s
9、tudents participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard ha
10、ve led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity - and providing the financial resources to make it possible.Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another coun
11、try. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students workin
12、g in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty， postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting res
13、earch in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainfram
14、e computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford U
15、niversity, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have
16、 set up shop around the university.For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The
17、budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation wou
18、ld be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interes
19、t by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students se
20、eking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to
21、 international students.Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp the welcoming foreign st
22、udents to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and - like immigrants throughout history - strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values
23、when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.（分数：70.00）(1).From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities hav
24、e become _.（分数：7.00）A.more and more research-orientedB.more popularized than ever beforeC.in-service training organizationsD.a powerful force for global integration(2).Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased _.（分数：7.00）A.by 2.5 millionB.at an annual rate of 3.9
25、 percentC.by 800,000D.at an annual rate of 8 percent(3).In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?（分数：7.00）A.10%.B.30%.C.20%.D.38%.(4).How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?（分数：7.00）A.They organize a ser
26、ies of seminars on world economy.B.They offer them various courses in international politics.C.They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.D.They give them chances for international study or internship.(5).An example illustrating the general trend of universities globalization is _.（
27、分数：7.00）A.Yales collaboration with Fudan University on genetic researchB.Yales helping Chinese universities to launch research projectsC.Yales student exchange program with European institutionsD.Yales establishing branch campuses throughout the world(6).What do we learn about Silicon Valley from th
28、e passage?（分数：7.00）A.It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.B.It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.C.It was intentionally created by Stanford University.D.It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up.(7).What is said about the U.S. federal funding for researc
29、h?（分数：7.00）A.It has increased by 3 percent.B.It has been unsteady for years.C.It has been more than sufficient.D.It doubled between 1998 and 2003.(8).The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Many Americans fear that
30、 American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversatio
31、n you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She used to be in poor health.B.She was somewhat overweight.C.She was popular among boys.D.She didnt do well at high school.A.At the airport.B.In a booking office.C.In a restaurant.D.At the hotel reception.A.Teaching her son by herself.B.Asking the teacher for extra
32、 help.C.Having confidence in her son.D.Telling her son not to worry.A.Have a short break.B.Continue her work outdoors.C.Take two weeks off.D.Go on vacation with the man.A.He is taking care of his twin brother.B.He has been feeling ill all week.C.He is worried about Rods health.D.He has been in perfe
33、ct condition.A.She sold all her furniture before she moved house.B.She still keeps some old furniture in her new house.C.She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement.D.She bought a new set of furniture from Italy last month.A.The woman wondered why the man didnt return the book.B.The woman
34、 doesnt seem to know what the book is about.C.The woman doesnt find the book useful any more.D.The woman forgot lending the book to the man.A.Most of the mans friends are athletes.B.Few people share the womans opinion.C.The man doesnt look like a sportsman.D.The woman doubts the mans athletic abilit
35、y.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.She has packed it in one of her bags.B.She is going to get it at the airport.C.She has probably left it in a taxi.D.She is afraid that she has lost it.A.It ends in winter.B.It will last one week.C.It will cost her a l
36、ot.D.It depends on the weather.A.The plane is taking off soon.B.There might be a traffic jam.C.The taxi is waiting for them.D.There is a lot of stuff to pack.A.At home.B.In the mans car.C.At the airport.D.By the side of a taxi.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：
37、21.00）A.She is thirsty for promotion.B.She is tired of her present work.C.She wants a much higher salary.D.She wants to save travel expenses.A.Translator.B.Language instructor.C.Travel agent.D.Environmental engineer.A.Lively personality and inquiring mind.B.Devotion and work efficiency.C.Communicati
38、on skills and team spirit.D.Education and experience.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.They care a lot about children.B.They need looking after in their old age.C.They want to enrich their life experience.D.They wa
39、nt children to keep them company.A.They are usually adopted from distant places.B.Their birth information is usually kept secret.C.Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.D.Their adoptive parents dont want them to know their birth parents.A.They generally hold bad feelings t
40、owards their birth parents.B.They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.C.They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.D.They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search.A.Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship.B.Most people prefer t
41、o adopt children from overseas.C.Understanding is the key to successful adoption.D.Adoption has much to do with love.BPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.He suffered from mental illness.B.He bought The Washington Post.C.He turned a failing newspap
42、er into a success.D.He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.A.She was the first woman to lead a big U. S. publishing company.B.She got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago.C.She committed suicide because of her mental disorder.D.She took over her fathers position when he died
43、.A.People came to see the role of women in the business world.B.Katharine played a major part in reshaping Americans mind.C.American media would be quite different without Katharine.D.Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world.BPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage
44、you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Itll enable them to enjoy the best medical care.B.Itll allow them to receive free medical treatment.C.Itll protect them from possible financial crises.D.Itll prevent the doctors from overcharging them.A.They cant immediately get back the money paid for their medical
45、 cost.B.They have to go through very complicated application procedures.C.They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages.D.They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment.A.They dont have to pay for the medical services.B.They neednt pay the entire medical bill at once.C.They
46、must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly.D.They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)More and more of the worlds population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is U(36
47、) /U. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries U(37) /U two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.The U(38) /U size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very U(39) /U signs of trouble in the U(40) /U of percentages o
48、f people living in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew as a result of the growth of industry. In Europe the U(41) /U of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the U(42) /U working in factories. Now, however, the U(43) /U is almost always true in the newly industrialised world: U(44) /U. Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth; U(45) /U There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities.
