1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 284 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_Cars and other road vehicles are the single main source of harmful nitrogen oxides. Road transport remains the biggest source of harmful air polluti
2、on in the EU despite efforts to reduce emissions over the past decades. A report published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) shows that it is the single main source of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds. It is also the second most important source of P
3、M10 and PM2.5 particles. As well as road transport, manufacturing industries, construction, the residential sector and agriculture are the main sources of air pollution in Europe today, the agency said. The EEA said: “Particulate matter from sources such as vehicle exhausts and residential heating c
4、an affect the lungs and harm people of all ages, but it is known to pose an extra risk to those with existing heart and respiratory problems.“ “Air pollutants are also responsible for the acidification of forests and water ecosystems, and eutrophication of soils and watersleading to a limited supply
5、 of oxygen in rivers and lakes.“ A spokesperson for campaign group T hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.（分数：10.00）(1).Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.on the mountains with little airB.in the cold polar areasC.in the hot desert areasD.in the
6、open oceans(2).Insects protect themselves from chemicals by_.（分数：2.00）A.hiding in tiny spacesB.having a strong shellC.flying away when necessaryD.changing colors or shapes(3).Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.frighten away their enemiesB.avoid being discoveredC.send wa
7、rning signalsD.look bitter-tasting(4).The passage mentions that insects_.（分数：2.00）A.can be found in any extreme environmentsB.have survived longer than any other creaturesC.can be fed on any natural or man-made foodsD.are important for the growth of crops and flowers(5).The passage is mainly about_.
8、（分数：2.00）A.how insects survive in different placesB.why insects can survive so successfullyC.what insects can do to the environmentD.where insects can be found in quantityFederal Express is a company that specializes in rapid overnight delivery of high-priority packages. The first company of its typ
9、e, Federal Express was founded by the youthful Fred Smith in 1971, when he was only 28 years old. Smith had actually developed the idea for the rapid delivery service in a term paper for an economics class when he was a student at Yale University. The term paper received a less-than-stellar grade be
10、cause of the infeasibility of the project that Smith had outlined. The model that Smith proposed had never been tried; it was a model that was efficient to operate but at the same time very difficult to institute. Smith achieved efficiency in his model by designing a system that was separate from th
11、e passenger system and could, therefore, focus on how to deliver packages most efficiently. His strategy was to have his own planes so that he could create his own schedules and to ship all packages through the centralized hub city of Memphis, a set-up which resembles the spokes (轮辐) on the wheel of
12、 a bicycle. With this combination of his own planes and hub set-up, he could get packages anywhere in the United States overnight. What made Smiths idea difficult to institute was the fact that the entire system had to be created before the company could begin operations. He needed a fleet of aircra
13、ft to collect packages from airports every night and deliver them to Memphis, where they were immediately sorted and flown out to their new destinations; he needed a fleet of trucks to deliver packages to and from the various airports; he needed facilities and trained staff all in place to handle th
14、e operation. Smith had a $4 million inheritance from his father, and he managed to raise an additional 91 million dollars from venture capitalists to get the company operating.（分数：10.00）(1).The most appropriate title for this passage is “_“.（分数：2.00）A.The Problems and Frustrations of a Business Stud
15、entB.The Importance of Business StudiesC.The Capitalization of Federal ExpressD.The Implementation of a Successful Business(2).What is stated in the passage about Smiths term paper?（分数：2.00）A.Smith submitted it through a delivery service.B.It was written by a student of Smiths.C.The grade was not qu
16、ite satisfactory.D.The professor thought it had great potential.(3).What was Smiths key idea?（分数：2.00）A.That he should focus on passenger service.B.That package delivery should be separate from passenger service.C.That packages could be delivered on other companies planes.D.That passenger service ha
17、d to be efficient.(4).What difficulty did Smith confront to make his idea true?（分数：2.00）A.No hub city was found before the companys operation.B.The entire delivery system had to be built up before the companys operation.C.No plane was available to him before the companys operation.D.No bicycle wheel
18、 was available to him before the companys operation.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that Smith selected Memphis as his hub city because it_.（分数：2.00）A.was near the middle of the countryB.had a large number of passenger aircraftC.already had a large package delivery serviceD.had a favorite pa
19、ssenger airport大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 284 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）_解析：Cars and other road vehicles are the single main source of harmful nitrogen oxides. Road transport remains the biggest source of
20、 harmful air pollution in the EU despite efforts to reduce emissions over the past decades. A report published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) shows that it is the single main source of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds. It is also the second most i
21、mportant source of PM10 and PM2.5 particles. As well as road transport, manufacturing industries, construction, the residential sector and agriculture are the main sources of air pollution in Europe today, the agency said. The EEA said: “Particulate matter from sources such as vehicle exhausts and r
22、esidential heating can affect the lungs and harm people of all ages, but it is known to pose an extra risk to those with existing heart and respiratory problems.“ “Air pollutants are also responsible for the acidification of forests and water ecosystems, and eutrophication of soils and watersleading
23、 to a limited supply of oxygen in rivers and lakes.“ A spokesperson for campaign group T hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.（分数：10.00）(1).Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.on the mountains with little airB.in the cold polar areasC.in the hot d
24、esert areasD.in the open oceans 解析：解析：事实细节题。本题考查对复合句的理解。本题涉及两个段落，第 2 段及第 3 段都提及昆虫大量生长的地方，第 3 段第 3 句中的 The one place 指出了答案。(2).Insects protect themselves from chemicals by_.（分数：2.00）A.hiding in tiny spacesB.having a strong shell C.flying away when necessaryD.changing colors or shapes解析：解析：事实细节题。本题考查对
25、复杂句的理解。第 4 段第 1 句指出了答案。protectfrom是对resistant to 的同义替换。(3).Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.frighten away their enemiesB.avoid being discovered C.send warning signalsD.look bitter-tasting解析：解析：推理判断题。本题考查对长句的理解。最后一段第 2 句中的 nearly invisible 表明昆虫伪装是为了不被发现，因此 B 为正确选项。其他选项
26、虽然都是昆虫伪装的目的，但都与伪装成自然物体无关。(4).The passage mentions that insects_.（分数：2.00）A.can be found in any extreme environmentsB.have survived longer than any other creaturesC.can be fed on any natural or man-made foodsD.are important for the growth of crops and flowers 解析：解析：推理判断题。本题考查对含有分词结构句子的理解。根据第 2 段倒数第 2
27、 句中的 useful 及分词结构 pollinating 可推断昆虫对植物的生长有益处。选项 A、B、C 中都有 any，过于绝对。由第 3 段第 2、3 句可知选项 A 不对。文章虽在开头指出昆虫存活的年代久远，但全文未提到它是存活时间最长的生物，所以选项 B 错误。至于昆虫的食物，第 3 段倒数第 2 句有提及，但只是 a wide range of，由此可排除选项 C。(5).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.how insects survive in different placesB.why insects can survive s
28、o successfully C.what insects can do to the environmentD.where insects can be found in quantity解析：解析：主旨大意题。本文前两段首先描述了昆虫生存了很长的时间，并能在各种地方生长，然后引出文章要讨论的重点，即昆虫为什么能成功存活。第 3 段第 1 句为本文的中心句，因此本题正确选项为B。Federal Express is a company that specializes in rapid overnight delivery of high-priority packages. The fir
29、st company of its type, Federal Express was founded by the youthful Fred Smith in 1971, when he was only 28 years old. Smith had actually developed the idea for the rapid delivery service in a term paper for an economics class when he was a student at Yale University. The term paper received a less-
30、than-stellar grade because of the infeasibility of the project that Smith had outlined. The model that Smith proposed had never been tried; it was a model that was efficient to operate but at the same time very difficult to institute. Smith achieved efficiency in his model by designing a system that
31、 was separate from the passenger system and could, therefore, focus on how to deliver packages most efficiently. His strategy was to have his own planes so that he could create his own schedules and to ship all packages through the centralized hub city of Memphis, a set-up which resembles the spokes
32、 (轮辐) on the wheel of a bicycle. With this combination of his own planes and hub set-up, he could get packages anywhere in the United States overnight. What made Smiths idea difficult to institute was the fact that the entire system had to be created before the company could begin operations. He nee
33、ded a fleet of aircraft to collect packages from airports every night and deliver them to Memphis, where they were immediately sorted and flown out to their new destinations; he needed a fleet of trucks to deliver packages to and from the various airports; he needed facilities and trained staff all
34、in place to handle the operation. Smith had a $4 million inheritance from his father, and he managed to raise an additional 91 million dollars from venture capitalists to get the company operating.（分数：10.00）(1).The most appropriate title for this passage is “_“.（分数：2.00）A.The Problems and Frustratio
35、ns of a Business StudentB.The Importance of Business StudiesC.The Capitalization of Federal ExpressD.The Implementation of a Successful Business 解析：解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了“联邦快递”公司的创立。其创立者在学生时代就有了这个想法，后来设法使计划可行。克服了许多困难之后，他筹集到足够的资金，创办了这家公司，只有选项 D 能概括全文的主要内容。选项 A、B、C 提到的都只是细节，不是文章的主题。(2).What is stated in the p
36、assage about Smiths term paper?（分数：2.00）A.Smith submitted it through a delivery service.B.It was written by a student of Smiths.C.The grade was not quite satisfactory. D.The professor thought it had great potential.解析：解析：事实细节题。本题考查名词 infeasibility 的理解。第 1 段第 4 句中的 less-than-stellar和 infeasibility 都有
37、助于推断史密斯论文的情况。虽然 stellar 是超纲词，但是利用构词法可以推断infeasibility 是由 in+feasibl(e)+ity 构成的，并由此可推断其意义为“不可行”，不可行的方案自然分数也不会令人满意了，因此选项 C 是正确答案。(3).What was Smiths key idea?（分数：2.00）A.That he should focus on passenger service.B.That package delivery should be separate from passenger service. C.That packages could be
38、 delivered on other companies planes.D.That passenger service had to be efficient.解析：解析：事实细节题。本题考查复合句的理解。选择依据见第 2 段第 1 句。选项 A 和 D 说的都是passenger system，但史密斯关注的是 package delivery；选项 C 与本段第 2 句不符。(4).What difficulty did Smith confront to make his idea true?（分数：2.00）A.No hub city was found before the co
39、mpanys operation.B.The entire delivery system had to be built up before the companys operation. C.No plane was available to him before the companys operation.D.No bicycle wheel was available to him before the companys operation.解析：解析：事实细节题。第 3 段第 1 句提到，让史密斯的点子难以实现的是在公司开始运营前，必须建立一个完整的速运系统，B 项符合原文意思。(
40、5).It can be inferred from the passage that Smith selected Memphis as his hub city because it_.（分数：2.00）A.was near the middle of the country B.had a large number of passenger aircraftC.already had a large package delivery serviceD.had a favorite passenger airport解析：解析：推理判断题。第 2 段第 2 句提到通过中心枢纽城市孟菲斯(through the centralized hub city of Memphis)运送所有的包裹，由此可推断孟菲斯处于美国中部，选项 A 正确。
