1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 527 及答案解析(总分：192.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.（分数：106.50）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Water shortages on planet Earth? It seems impossible. Images of our planet from outer space show vast oceans, lakes as big as small countries, and w
2、ide rivers flowing with incredible volume. How can there not be enough water? But the fact is that the world is facing the prospect of water shortages caused by population growth, uneven supplies of water, pollution, and other factors. The United Nations predicts that water shortages could hinder th
3、e economic growth of some countries and lead to food shortages and, even possibly, to international conflicts. Is there enough water for everyone in the world? According to the U.N. Commission on Sustainable Development, humans currently use about half of the 12,500 cu km (立方千米) of water that is rea
4、dily available from groundwater, rivers, and lakes. So by a simple measure of liters and gallons, there is enough water to quench (结束) the thirst of every creature and plant, every field, and every industry now existing. But water remains a fixed resource. “Given an expected population increase of a
5、bout 50 percent in the next 50 years, coupled with expected increases in demand as a result of economic growth and lifestyle changes, this does not leave much room for increased consumption,“ the U.N. commission said. A certain amount of water must be set aside to support the environment. Humans can
6、not drain the world“s lakes, rivers, and aquifers (蓄水层) without causing catastrophic (灾难性的) environmental damage. The world“s population has been growing enormously. The U.N. estimates that it will be over 9 billion by 2050. The amount of water available to each person decreases as the population gr
7、ows, raising the possibility of water shortages. Water shortages will not come all at once in every part of the world. Just as the world“s population is unevenly distributed by region, so is the annual supply of renewable water. Rainfall and snowfall are determined by uneven weather patterns and lan
8、dscape, and as a result, some areas of the world get more precipitation (降水量) than others. This leads to the uneven distribution of water all over the world.（分数：15.00）(1).What“s the purpose to mention the images of our planet from outer space in the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.To demonstrate the grea
9、t impact of water shortages on Earth.B.To show the serious problem of water shortages on Earth.C.To explain why water shortages on Earth seem impossible.D.To present the beauty of the Earth and our love for it.(2).What result will water shortages bring according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It will lea
10、d to population growth and uneven supplies of water.B.It will make the present vast oceans become deserts.C.It will have serious consequences for the well-being of humans.D.It will impose an intolerable economic burden on all the residents on Earth.(3).What will happen if humans drain the world“s la
11、kes, rivers and aquifers?（分数：3.00）A.The thirst of existing creature will be quenched.B.The environment will be damaged severely.C.The species diversity will not be totally mined.D.Humans“ lifestyles will be changed.(4).What can we know from the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Uneven supplies of water are
12、caused by uneven distributed population.B.Water shortages will break out in every country simultaneously some day.C.Some areas won“t suffer water shortages because they have more lakes and rivers.D.The annual supply of renewable water is determined by weather patterns and landscape.(5).What does the
13、 author intend to convey in writing this passage?（分数：3.00）A.Water shortages have had serious effects on society.B.Water remains a fixed resource but the need for it continues increasing.C.The world has to deal with the problems arising from water shortages.D.The world is facing the danger of water s
14、hortages.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization
15、(最优化) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can tak
16、e, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of ea
17、ch consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together, The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision. Since most impo
18、rtant problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend an
19、d remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?“
20、 A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct (简洁地) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long
21、-range and immediate goals because long- range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?“（分数：71.00）(1).Of the following
22、steps, _ is the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.（分数：14.20）A.listing the consequences of each solutionB.calculating a numerical summary of each solutionC.writing down all possible solutionsD.deciding which consequences are most important(2).According to decision-works
23、heet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that _.（分数：14.20）A.has the fewest variables to considerB.uses the most decision worksheetsC.has the most points assigned to itD.is agreed to by the greatest number of people(3).The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of _.（分数：14.2
24、0）A.describing a processB.classifying different typesC.providing historical backgroundD.explaining a theory(4).The author“s attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is _.（分数：14.20）A.neuralB.approvingC.ambiguousD.biased(5).The passage mainly discusses _.（分数：14.20）A.a tool to assi
25、st in making complex decisionsB.a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisionsC.research on how people make decisionsD.differences between making long-range and short-range decisions大学英语四级分类模拟题 527 答案解析(总分：192.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.（分数：106.50）_正确答案：()解析：Killing Time In
26、doorsNowadays a growing number of people, especially the 20s or 30s like the young man in the picture, are addicted to killing their spare time indoors. They spend lots of time online chatting, blogging, shopping, dating or playing computer games. They sit with their eyes glued to the television scr
27、een or the comics, day and night. They even never go out for meals and only have take-out food. Why are so many young persons keen on staying at home ? The development of the Internet might be the greatest incentive. Young persons can enjoy various information, games and entertainment ways without g
28、etting out. Besides, many people believe that staying indoors is cheap, comfortable, and most importantly, very safe. Personally, I don“t think staying indoors for too long time should be advocated, especially for young persons. Lack of physical exercise and face-to-face communication with others wi
29、ll do harm to people“s body and mind. In my opinion, people in all ages should be encouraged to spend more time outdoors to enjoy the sunshine, the green space, and interact with other people. 解析 由标题和题目可知，本文应为一篇现象解释类作文。根据题目要求，本文框架安排如下：第一段描述现象结合图画描述目前智能手机的流行情况；第二段说明现象影响结合图画说明过分使用智能手机带来的负面影响；第三段提出看法和建
30、议阐述“我”是如何看待智能手机的，并针对智能手机的使用提出建议。二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Water shortages on planet Earth? It seems impossible. Images of our planet from outer space show vast oceans, lakes as big as small countries, and wide rivers flowing with incredible volume. How can there
31、 not be enough water? But the fact is that the world is facing the prospect of water shortages caused by population growth, uneven supplies of water, pollution, and other factors. The United Nations predicts that water shortages could hinder the economic growth of some countries and lead to food sho
32、rtages and, even possibly, to international conflicts. Is there enough water for everyone in the world? According to the U.N. Commission on Sustainable Development, humans currently use about half of the 12,500 cu km (立方千米) of water that is readily available from groundwater, rivers, and lakes. So b
33、y a simple measure of liters and gallons, there is enough water to quench (结束) the thirst of every creature and plant, every field, and every industry now existing. But water remains a fixed resource. “Given an expected population increase of about 50 percent in the next 50 years, coupled with expec
34、ted increases in demand as a result of economic growth and lifestyle changes, this does not leave much room for increased consumption,“ the U.N. commission said. A certain amount of water must be set aside to support the environment. Humans cannot drain the world“s lakes, rivers, and aquifers (蓄水层)
35、without causing catastrophic (灾难性的) environmental damage. The world“s population has been growing enormously. The U.N. estimates that it will be over 9 billion by 2050. The amount of water available to each person decreases as the population grows, raising the possibility of water shortages. Water s
36、hortages will not come all at once in every part of the world. Just as the world“s population is unevenly distributed by region, so is the annual supply of renewable water. Rainfall and snowfall are determined by uneven weather patterns and landscape, and as a result, some areas of the world get mor
37、e precipitation (降水量) than others. This leads to the uneven distribution of water all over the world.（分数：15.00）(1).What“s the purpose to mention the images of our planet from outer space in the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.To demonstrate the great impact of water shortages on Earth.B.To show the serio
38、us problem of water shortages on Earth.C.To explain why water shortages on Earth seem impossible. D.To present the beauty of the Earth and our love for it.解析：解析 第 1 段以设问句开头，之后给出了这一问一答的具体阐释，展示了从太空拍摄的地球的照片，然后问怎么可能没有足够的水呢。可推知展示我们行星的照片是为了解释为什么地球上发生水荒似乎是不可能的事情，故 C 正确。该段第 3 句提到从在太空中拍摄的地球的照片上看，地球上水资源很多，因此可
39、排除 A 和 B；D 在文中没有提及。(2).What result will water shortages bring according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It will lead to population growth and uneven supplies of water.B.It will make the present vast oceans become deserts.C.It will have serious consequences for the well-being of humans. D.It will impose an
40、 intolerable economic burden on all the residents on Earth.解析：解析 第 1 段最后一句提到，水资源短缺会阻碍一些国家的经济增长，导致食品短缺，甚至可能会导致国际争端。由此可知，C“水荒将会给人类的生活带来严重的后果”符合题意，故为答案。第 1 段第 5 句指出，水荒是由于人口增长和水资源供给的不平衡引起的，A 颠倒了文中的因果关系，故可排除；B 在原文中未提到，也可排除；D 与文中提到的水荒使一些国家经济发展停滞意思不符，故排除。(3).What will happen if humans drain the world“s lak
41、es, rivers and aquifers?（分数：3.00）A.The thirst of existing creature will be quenched.B.The environment will be damaged severely. C.The species diversity will not be totally mined.D.Humans“ lifestyles will be changed.解析：解析 由第 3 段最后一句可知，如果人类将世界的湖、河以及蓄水层中的水抽干就会引起灾难性的环境破坏，故 B 正确。这里要特别注意 cannot.without 双重
42、否定结构。C 和 D 在文中没有提及。(4).What can we know from the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Uneven supplies of water are caused by uneven distributed population.B.Water shortages will break out in every country simultaneously some day.C.Some areas won“t suffer water shortages because they have more lakes and rivers.
43、D.The annual supply of renewable water is determined by weather patterns and landscape. 解析：解析 从最后一段第 3 句可知，降雨量和降雪量(即每年可更新水量)是由不均衡的天气和地形因素决定的，所以 D 正确。人口分布不平衡和各地区再生水资源的年供给量不平衡之间并不存在因果关系，A 错误；B 与末段第一句相悖；C 在文中未提及，故排除。(5).What does the author intend to convey in writing this passage?（分数：3.00）A.Water shor
44、tages have had serious effects on society.B.Water remains a fixed resource but the need for it continues increasing.C.The world has to deal with the problems arising from water shortages.D.The world is facing the danger of water shortages. 解析：解析 第 1 段中就点明了本文的主旨：事实上，地球会面临水荒。接着又说明造成水荒的原因和水荒带来的严重后果。所以作
45、者的写作意图是让人们意识到水荒的可能性，而不要主观认为地球上水资源很丰富，由此可知答案为 D。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.
46、 Psychologists who study optimization (最优化) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on th
47、e exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are lis
48、ted, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together, The alternative with the highest number of points emerges
49、 as the best decision. Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average,
