1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 497 及答案解析(总分：210.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief account of student“s increasing reliance on technology to solve problems, and then explain the consequen
2、ce of over-dependence on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：12.50)A New Excuse for Unsuccessful InvestorsEconomists work on the assumption that people act rationally. If only life were that simple.
3、 Investors certainly don“t always act as they should. Among other unwise acts, they trade too much, do not diversify their portfolios (投资组合) enough and are reluctant to discard underperforming stocks. They may have been born to behave that way. A recent study into investment behavior by Stephan Sieg
4、el of Arizona State University“s WP Carey School of Business, and Henrik Cronqvist of Claremont McKenna College, illuminates the role that genes play in determining investment decisions. The authors examine the investment behavior of 15,208 pairs of Swedish twins, using data from the country“s twin
5、registry and its tax authority, which until 2007 kept comprehensive records on every financial transaction. Controlling for various factors, they find that identical twins, who share all their genes, were more similar in their investing behavior than fraternal twins (异卵双胞胎) , who share about half th
6、eir genes. The authors calculate that genetic factors account for between a quarter and half of the variations in irrational investment behavior between individuals. These factors are at work across more dimensions than just investing. Twins who showed a bias towards buying familiar shares rather th
7、an unknown ones, for example, also showed a preference for living closer to their place of birth and for marrying a spouse from the same region. Investors with large portfolios were particularly susceptible (易受影响的) to genetic influences. If genes explain up to a half of the variations in investment
8、behavior, what governs the rest? The authors also calculated the impact of shared environmental influences on the twins as well as the effect of experiences unique to one half of a twin pair. Common childhood experiences like schooling were found to have almost no influence on investment behavior. B
9、ut individual experiences explain half of the variations between twin pairsas much as, and often more than, genes. The study has its limitations. It looks at data from only one country during a limited period of time, for example. But it suggests that attempts to persuade people to invest more ratio
10、nally have some big inbuilt (生来就有的) biases to overcome.（分数：12.50）(1).How do economists think about investors?（分数：2.50）A.They do lots of stupid things.B.They trade as much as they can.C.They are reluctant to change.D.They always make right decisions.(2).How did the authors do the research?（分数：2.50）A.
11、They looked at the data from Swiss.B.They checked all the behaviors of the twins.C.They examined the investment behavior of twins.D.They investigated less than 2,000 pairs of twins.(3).What role do the genetic factors play in irrational investment?（分数：2.50）A.They account for 50% of the variations at
12、 most.B.They barely have any influence on twins.C.They make twins buy similar shares.D.They affect investing in different ways.(4).What can explain the variations in investment behavior except genes?（分数：2.50）A.Environmental influences.B.Schooling experiences.C.Childhood memories.D.Individual experie
13、nces.(5).What does the author of this article think of the study?（分数：2.50）A.Its limitations can be overlooked.B.The results of it are quite convincing.C.It tells us biases influence investing.D.The data it used cannot be trusted.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A principal reason for the rapid increase
14、in wealth disparity over the last 10 years is the different ways various economic groups invest their money. According to the study“s lead author, Fabian T. Pfeffer, more than half of the median households“ wealth in 2007 was in home equity. By comparison, the median household in the richest 5th per
15、centile (百分位数) held only 16% of their wealth in home equity, with the lion“s share being kept in real assets, including business assets and financial instruments like stocks and bonds. Pfeffer explains that because stocks have recovered more quickly than the real estate market, average households we
16、re hurt far more than richer Americans when the housing bubble popped. When home equity is excluded from household wealth, the impact of the housing crash on average Americans is especially clear. The Great Recession“s disproportionate impact on real estate allowed the richest households, who could
17、afford to diversify their investments, to grow wealth even during a deflating housing market. Another concern for middle class households is that many sold off investments during the recession in order to meet expenses, and are now less able to enjoy the benefits of a recovering economy. “Part of th
18、e lack of recovery is that median American households had to dispose of investments,“ says Pfeffer. “The troubles will stay with them for the next couple of decades as they try to reclaim these assets.“ Will wealth inequality continue to increase at its current pace? Pfeffer believes it would take a
19、nother deep recession for inequality to double again in the next 10 years, but says his research confirms that returns to capital have been increasing at a rapid pace over the last century, creating a persistently swelling gap between the wealth of the haves and the have-nots. Some have claimed ineq
20、uality is less important as long as all Americans see wealth gains over time. The rich may get richer faster, but that might not matter if the poor and middle class are also seeing their wealth increase. Pfeffer disagrees. A rising tide may lift all boats, but the Michigan professor points out that
21、wealth not only tends to determine political influence, but also that wealth inequality greatly affects the opportunities available to the children of the middle class, especially in terms of education.（分数：71.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（分数：14.20）A.the poor families inv
22、ested their wealth in home equityB.the richest median households only invested a small part in home equityC.only 5% of median households held their wealth in home equityD.all the median households kept their most wealth in real assets(2).Why could the richest households increase wealth even when the
23、 house market deflated?（分数：14.20）A.They invested all the wealth in the real estate.B.They took advantage of the gloomy house market.C.They could make many kinds of investments.D.They got information in advance to avoid the loss.(3).Median households“ disposing of investments during the recession wou
24、ld _.（分数：14.20）A.make them enjoy the benefits of a recovering economyB.easily meet their expenses during the recessionC.cause troubles when they try to get back these assetsD.increase the wealth disparity for the next decades(4).What made the wealth gap between the rich and the poor continue to incr
25、ease?（分数：14.20）A.Rapid returns to capital.B.Income inequality.C.Hopeful signs of recovery.D.Deep recession.(5).What influence may wealth inequality have on the middle class according to Pfeffer?（分数：14.20）A.Their children“s wealth may decrease.B.Their wealth may rise more slowly.C.Their children may
26、suffer fewer educational opportunities.D.Their family may not exert political influence any more.六、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.1911 年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命 辛亥革命 (the Revolution of 1911)，它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代清朝，废除了中国延续了 2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头上的 辫子 (queues)，选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国
27、延续了 280 多年的辫子法令终于被解除。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 497 答案解析(总分：210.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief account of student“s increasing reliance on technology to solve problems
28、, and then explain the consequence of over-dependence on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_正确答案：()解析：范文 Technology Can“t Solve Every ProblemAs shown in the picture, a kid is trying to get the answer of a simple calculation from his smart phone. Unfortuna
29、tely, this is just the tip of the iceberg . Students rely so much on technology to solve problems these days that they seek answers from Internet for their daily homework, examination and even graduation paper that needs deep thought and critical thinking . Though technology has brought much conveni
30、ence to us, overuse of it, especially for students, does more harm than good. First, the “Google has it all“ notion tempts student into laziness, and leads to their loss of basic skills. For example, many students now can“t spell correctly “thanks to“ the spelling checking software. Second, technolo
31、gy can“t teach students critical thinking. Solving practical problems is far more complicated than copy-and- paste . Q and A websites don“t tell us the exact solution for every problem, and students need to learn the ability to think and analyze instead of copying the information technology mechanic
32、ally provides. Advanced technology is certainly a blessing for students. Nevertheless, once overused, it can become a devil that kills our diligence and creativity.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：12.50)A New Excuse for Unsuccessful InvestorsEconomists work on the assumption
33、 that people act rationally. If only life were that simple. Investors certainly don“t always act as they should. Among other unwise acts, they trade too much, do not diversify their portfolios (投资组合) enough and are reluctant to discard underperforming stocks. They may have been born to behave that w
34、ay. A recent study into investment behavior by Stephan Siegel of Arizona State University“s WP Carey School of Business, and Henrik Cronqvist of Claremont McKenna College, illuminates the role that genes play in determining investment decisions. The authors examine the investment behavior of 15,208
35、pairs of Swedish twins, using data from the country“s twin registry and its tax authority, which until 2007 kept comprehensive records on every financial transaction. Controlling for various factors, they find that identical twins, who share all their genes, were more similar in their investing beha
36、vior than fraternal twins (异卵双胞胎) , who share about half their genes. The authors calculate that genetic factors account for between a quarter and half of the variations in irrational investment behavior between individuals. These factors are at work across more dimensions than just investing. Twins
37、 who showed a bias towards buying familiar shares rather than unknown ones, for example, also showed a preference for living closer to their place of birth and for marrying a spouse from the same region. Investors with large portfolios were particularly susceptible (易受影响的) to genetic influences. If
38、genes explain up to a half of the variations in investment behavior, what governs the rest? The authors also calculated the impact of shared environmental influences on the twins as well as the effect of experiences unique to one half of a twin pair. Common childhood experiences like schooling were
39、found to have almost no influence on investment behavior. But individual experiences explain half of the variations between twin pairsas much as, and often more than, genes. The study has its limitations. It looks at data from only one country during a limited period of time, for example. But it sug
40、gests that attempts to persuade people to invest more rationally have some big inbuilt (生来就有的) biases to overcome.（分数：12.50）(1).How do economists think about investors?（分数：2.50）A.They do lots of stupid things.B.They trade as much as they can.C.They are reluctant to change.D.They always make right de
41、cisions. 解析：解析 根据题干中的 economist think about investors 定位到原文第一段，该段首句中提到，经济学家总是基于人们会理智行事这一假设来展开工作。随后指出，要是生活真有那么简单就好了。投资者们当然并不总是按照常理出牌。由此可以推断，在作者看来，经济学家应该会认为投资者总是能够做出正确的决定，合理投资，故选 D。(2).How did the authors do the research?（分数：2.50）A.They looked at the data from Swiss.B.They checked all the behaviors of
42、 the twins.C.They examined the investment behavior of twins. D.They investigated less than 2,000 pairs of twins.解析：解析 根据题干中的 How 和 authors do the research 定位到原文第二段，该段首句中提到，两位研究者调查了 15208 对瑞典双胞胎的投资行为，所采用的数据来自于瑞典双胞胎登记处和税务机关，而这些数据详细记录了截至 2007 年的每一笔金融交易记录。由此可知，A 项中提到的 Swiss、B 项中提到的all the behaviors of t
43、he twins 以及 D 项中提到的 less than 2,000 pairs of twins 说法错误，C 项表述正确，故选 C。(3).What role do the genetic factors play in irrational investment?（分数：2.50）A.They account for 50% of the variations at most. B.They barely have any influence on twins.C.They make twins buy similar shares.D.They affect investing in
44、 different ways.解析：解析 根据题干中的 genetic factors 和 irrational investment 定位到原文第三段，该段首句中指出，两位研究者估算，在不同个体的非理性投资中，基因因素大约占到了 25%50%的比例。由此可知 A 项表述正确，故选 A。其余三个选项中，B、C 两项的表述与原文不符，D 项表述原文并未提及，故排除这三个选项。(4).What can explain the variations in investment behavior except genes?（分数：2.50）A.Environmental influences.B.S
45、chooling experiences.C.Childhood memories.D.Individual experiences. 解析：解析 根据题干中的 variations.except genes 定位到原文第四段，该段首句问及如果基因解释了投资行为中高达一半的变数，那么余下的由什么来决定。随后在该段最后一句中指出，个人经历解释了双胞胎之间一半的变数其造成的影响与基因所造成的影响相当，有时甚至比后者更大。由此可知，基因因素和个人经历共同解释了投资行为中的变数，故选 D。(5).What does the author of this article think of the stu
46、dy?（分数：2.50）A.Its limitations can be overlooked.B.The results of it are quite convincing.C.It tells us biases influence investing. D.The data it used cannot be trusted.解析：解析 根据题干中的 the author of this article think 定位到原文最后一段，该段指出，这一研究有其局限性。比如，它只查看了某一国家某一有限时期内的数据。但是，这一研究表明，尝试说服人们更加理性地进行投资还需要克服一些因有的偏见。
47、由此可知，四个选项中只有 C 项表述符合原文，故选C。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A principal reason for the rapid increase in wealth disparity over the last 10 years is the different ways various economic groups invest their money. According to the study“s lead author, Fabian T. Pfeffer, more than half of the median househo
48、lds“ wealth in 2007 was in home equity. By comparison, the median household in the richest 5th percentile (百分位数) held only 16% of their wealth in home equity, with the lion“s share being kept in real assets, including business assets and financial instruments like stocks and bonds. Pfeffer explains that because stocks have recovered more quickly than the real estate market, average households were hurt far more than richer Americans when the housing bubble popped. When home equity is excluded from household wealth, the impact of the housing crash on average Americans is espe
