1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 471 及答案解析(总分：268.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to comfort a friend who felt depressed because she couldn“t afford fashionable clothes. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （
2、分数：20.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)When you run your hands through your lover“s hair, you“re probably not thinking about your place in the social hierarchy. Give your team-mate or colleague a pat on the back after a setback, and the chances are you“re not consc
3、iously seeking to change the mix of signalling chemicals in their brain. It may not seem like it, but these socially important rituals and others like them predate the time our species first walked the African continent. Human behaviours that involve physical social contact have a lot more in common
4、 with social grooming activities we typically associate with other species than we might initially think. When rhesus monkeys (恒河猴) or chimpanzees pick through their friends“ fur, they“re not just helping them remove dirt from hard to reach spots. There is undoubtedly a hygienic benefit, but this be
5、haviour, which animal behaviour researchers call “allogrooming“, has far greater significance. For example, one chimpanzee is more likely to share food with another that has previously groomed it. Grooming also serves to ease tensions in a chimp troop following an aggressive situation. One of the mo
6、st complex forms of reconciliation among chimpanzees occurs when two rival males reach a point of stalemate, neither backing down nor escalating the aggressive interaction. Sometimes, a female breaks the deadlock and eases the tension by grooming first one male, and then the other, until the two bec
7、ome relaxed enough to end what amounted to an angry staring contest. According to anthropologist Robin Dunbar, this works because grooming stimulates the release of endorphins (内啡肽)opiates produced by the brain that trigger feelings of relaxation by lowering the heart rate, reducing overt nervous be
8、haviours like scratching, and even bringing on sleep. Female chimps that use grooming as a peacekeeping strategy may also experience their own rush of endorphins and enjoy many of the same benefits. Humans, lacking the fur of our more hirsute evolutionary cousins, had to find a replacement for allog
9、rooming. Like grooming, gossip establishes and maintains our place in the social hierarchy. Also like grooming, the social information that makes up gossip is itself a form of currency in human culture. Or, at least, that“s the theory put forward by Dunbar. He argued, in his book Grooming, Gossip an
10、d the Evolution of Language , that the faculty of language allowed our species to substitute gossip for grooming.（分数：71.00）(1).What is the function of examples listed in paragraph 1?（分数：14.20）A.When you run your hands through your lover“s hair, you“re probably not thinking about your place in the so
11、cial hierarchy.B.It tells us grooming is a kind of social activity and what is going to explain in the upcoming paragraphs.C.These socially important rituals and others like them predate the time our species first walked the African continent.D.It reflects what the author thinks about human beings a
12、nd explains the reasons why men are willing to groom others.(2).What does the word “allogrooming“ (Line 4) mean in paragraph 2?（分数：14.20）A.Grooming for and by others.B.Enjoying interaction with others.C.Working for and by others.D.Sharing something with others.(3).The meaning of the word “stalemate“
13、 (Line 3) in paragraph 3 is roughly similar to _.（分数：14.20）A.soul mateB.staminaC.roommateD.standoff(4).According to the passage, why does the author mention endorphins?（分数：14.20）A.To explain why grooming can serve to ease tension in a chimp troop following an aggressive situation.B.Because endorphin
14、s may make female chimps enjoy many of the same benefits.C.Because endorphins are a kind of feeling that serves to ease tension in a chimp troop following an aggressive situation.D.Because endorphins are also a mix of signalling chemicals in human“s body.(5).What kind of role does gossip play in our
15、 society according to Dunbar?（分数：14.20）A.Gossip increases the frequency of social communication.B.Gossip is where troubles come from in the society.C.Gossip establishes and maintains our place in the social hierarchy.D.Gossip is equal to grooming and fully takes the position of it.五、Passage Two(总题数：
16、1，分数：71.00)Doctors are to begin a trial of a drug treatment that could double the time transplanted organs survive in the body. The 20-minute procedure effectively coats donor organs in a protective shield that stops them being rejected by the patient“s immune system. The treatment is expected to pr
17、olong the time that organs remain healthy in patients“ bodies and also increase their shelf-life (保存期限), so they can be stored for longer or transported further before being used. If the treatment works, it could ease the burden on organ transplant services, which face an increasing gap between the
18、supply and demand for donor organs. People who receive transplants must take drugs to suppress their immune systems, but the body still reacts enough to cause transplants to fail sooner than they should. A healthy transplanted kidney lasts on average only 10 years, around one third of the time it sh
19、ould last. Organs such as hearts and livers fail even sooner. The consequence is that patients who have had one donor organ often need another. The new treatment, developed by researchers at King“s College London, is based on the defense mechanism healthy organs use to shield themselves from the imm
20、une system. Studies suggest the procedure could extend the life of an implanted kidney by around seven years. The scientists believe the treatment will also extend the shelf-life of donor organs, increasing the time they survive outside the body from no more than 24 hours to several days. This could
21、 reduce wastage and double the number of organs that work properly once they are transplanted, doctors said. In early tests, only a fifth of organs worked properly after being stored on ice for 16 hours, compared with 50% of those treated with mirococept (药物：米罗西普). A recent pilot study of the treatm
22、ent on 16 patients found it was safe to use. Patients who receive donated organs treated with mirococept will still need to take drugs to suppress their immune systems, but doctors said an aim of their research was to see if the use of current drugs, which can increase a patient“s risk of cancer, ca
23、n be reduced.（分数：71.00）(1).What is one of the purposes of the drug treatment mentioned in the passage?（分数：14.20）A.To make a big profit from the new drug.B.To reduce the risk of operations.C.To prolong the shelf-life of organs.D.To help patients save money.(2).According to the passage, what should th
24、e people who receive transplants do?（分数：14.20）A.They need to spend a large fortune on their operations.B.They have to take drugs to make the transplants effective.C.They need to receive another transplant every ten years.D.They have to appreciate the donors all their life.(3).Why do patients treated
25、 with the old treatment often need another donor organ?（分数：14.20）A.Because they are painful after transplants.B.Because drugs can ease the burden of organs.C.Because the body still reacts enough to cause transplants to fail.D.Because the donor organs will fail in a very short time.(4).What do we kno
26、w about the new drug treatment?（分数：14.20）A.It is developed by researchers in US.B.It can extend the life of implanted organs.C.It is independent of defense mechanism.D.It can improve patients“ health.(5).What can we learn from the recent pilot study of the treatment?（分数：14.20）A.The treatment can be
27、used widely someday.B.The treatment will destroy the immune system.C.The current drug can increase a patient“s risk of cancer.D.The result of the study doesn“t satisfy the researchers.六、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：106.50)2.中国人将饮茶当作一门艺术，里面学问很大，茶味虽淡，意味却浓厚深长。中国民间有敬茶的习俗。客人来了，无论是渴还是不渴，都要泡上一杯茶，表达一份敬心。客人喝着这杯
28、茶，神清气爽。文人们以寒夜客来茶当酒为胜境。在中国有的地方还流行迎客、留客、祝福三道茶的习俗。在敬茶中，既体现出好客的传统，也体现出待客敬心的精神。 （分数：106.50）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 471 答案解析(总分：268.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to comfort a friend who felt depressed because she couldn“t afford
29、fashionable clothes. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：范文 Dear Mary, You said in your letter that many of your classmates wore fashionable clothes, but you couldn“t afford them so you felt very depressed. There are different views on people“s clothe
30、s. The followings are my ideas: Firstly, you shouldn“t put too much emphasis on physical appearance. Remember that the most important task for you today is to concentrate on your studies. No matter what you wear, you will really look your best when you come out first in your examinations. Secondly,
31、you should understand that it is a fine virtue to live in frugality. Just as a famous saying goes, “Frugality is the mother of virtue.“ Since your family can“t provide you with enough money to buy fashionable clothes, it is all the more necessary for you to try to lighten the financial burden of you
32、r family. And you will find the virtue of frugality benefit you a lot in your future life. I hope you understand what I mean. Hope you will take a positive attitude towards life and will be happy again when you read my letter. Yours,Anne二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00
33、)When you run your hands through your lover“s hair, you“re probably not thinking about your place in the social hierarchy. Give your team-mate or colleague a pat on the back after a setback, and the chances are you“re not consciously seeking to change the mix of signalling chemicals in their brain.
34、It may not seem like it, but these socially important rituals and others like them predate the time our species first walked the African continent. Human behaviours that involve physical social contact have a lot more in common with social grooming activities we typically associate with other specie
35、s than we might initially think. When rhesus monkeys (恒河猴) or chimpanzees pick through their friends“ fur, they“re not just helping them remove dirt from hard to reach spots. There is undoubtedly a hygienic benefit, but this behaviour, which animal behaviour researchers call “allogrooming“, has far
36、greater significance. For example, one chimpanzee is more likely to share food with another that has previously groomed it. Grooming also serves to ease tensions in a chimp troop following an aggressive situation. One of the most complex forms of reconciliation among chimpanzees occurs when two riva
37、l males reach a point of stalemate, neither backing down nor escalating the aggressive interaction. Sometimes, a female breaks the deadlock and eases the tension by grooming first one male, and then the other, until the two become relaxed enough to end what amounted to an angry staring contest. Acco
38、rding to anthropologist Robin Dunbar, this works because grooming stimulates the release of endorphins (内啡肽)opiates produced by the brain that trigger feelings of relaxation by lowering the heart rate, reducing overt nervous behaviours like scratching, and even bringing on sleep. Female chimps that
39、use grooming as a peacekeeping strategy may also experience their own rush of endorphins and enjoy many of the same benefits. Humans, lacking the fur of our more hirsute evolutionary cousins, had to find a replacement for allogrooming. Like grooming, gossip establishes and maintains our place in the
40、 social hierarchy. Also like grooming, the social information that makes up gossip is itself a form of currency in human culture. Or, at least, that“s the theory put forward by Dunbar. He argued, in his book Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language , that the faculty of language allowed our sp
41、ecies to substitute gossip for grooming.（分数：71.00）(1).What is the function of examples listed in paragraph 1?（分数：14.20）A.When you run your hands through your lover“s hair, you“re probably not thinking about your place in the social hierarchy.B.It tells us grooming is a kind of social activity and wh
42、at is going to explain in the upcoming paragraphs. C.These socially important rituals and others like them predate the time our species first walked the African continent.D.It reflects what the author thinks about human beings and explains the reasons why men are willing to groom others.解析：解析 细节辨认题。
43、在定位段中，作者通过几个具体事例解释了整饬和打理的现象，为后文的深入分析奠定基础。因此正确答案为 B。(2).What does the word “allogrooming“ (Line 4) mean in paragraph 2?（分数：14.20）A.Grooming for and by others. B.Enjoying interaction with others.C.Working for and by others.D.Sharing something with others.解析：解析 语义理解题。定位句指出，毫无疑问，这对个人卫生有好处，但这种被动物行为研究者称之为
44、“allogrooming”的行为有着更为深层的意义。可见，“allogrooming”这一行为指代上一句中提到的恒河猴和黑猩猩为同伴理毛的行为，所以 allogrooming 一词意指相互理毛。故答案为 A。(3).The meaning of the word “stalemate“ (Line 3) in paragraph 3 is roughly similar to _.（分数：14.20）A.soul mateB.staminaC.roommateD.standoff 解析：解析 语义理解题。根据 stalemate 后的解释说明 neither backing down nor
45、 escalating the aggressive interaction“既不让步，也不升级相互挑衅的僵局”，可以推知 stalemate 的语义近似为“僵持，僵局”。选项中只有 D 中 standoff“僵局”符合此义，为正确答案。(4).According to the passage, why does the author mention endorphins?（分数：14.20）A.To explain why grooming can serve to ease tension in a chimp troop following an aggressive situation
46、. B.Because endorphins may make female chimps enjoy many of the same benefits.C.Because endorphins are a kind of feeling that serves to ease tension in a chimp troop following an aggressive situation.D.Because endorphins are also a mix of signalling chemicals in human“s body.解析：解析 细节辨认题。定位句指出，梳理毛发这种
47、行为之所以会起效是因为它刺激了大脑中内啡肽的产生，这种鸦片似的物质通过降低心率，减少抓伤等外显的紧张行为，甚至催眠，从而产生一种放松的感觉。因此正确答案为 A。(5).What kind of role does gossip play in our society according to Dunbar?（分数：14.20）A.Gossip increases the frequency of social communication.B.Gossip is where troubles come from in the society.C.Gossip establishes and ma
48、intains our place in the social hierarchy. D.Gossip is equal to grooming and fully takes the position of it.解析：解析 推理判断题。由定位句可知，与毛发梳理一样，闲聊建立并维持我们的社会地位。因此正确答案为 C。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Doctors are to begin a trial of a drug treatment that could double the time transplanted organs survive in the body. The 20-minute procedure effectively coats donor organs in a protective shield that stops them being rejected by the patient“s immune system. The treatment is expected to prolong the time that organs remain healthy in patients“ bodies and also increase their shelf-life (保存期限), so they can
