1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 456 及答案解析(总分:326.50,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数:13,分数:326.50)1.西湖西湖位于杭州市中心的西部,是江南三大名湖之一。由于西湖的缘故,杭州自古就被誉为“人间天堂”。西湖就像镶嵌(inlay)在广袤大地上的一颗璀璨的明珠,以其秀丽的风景、闻名的古迹、灿烂的文化和丰富的特产而闻名。宋代大文豪苏轼在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜”的千古绝唱;白娘子的传奇故事(The Legend of White Snake)也给西湖增添了一层神秘色彩。 (分数:20.00)_2.京剧京剧(Peking Opera)已有
2、 200 多年的历史,是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比,京剧享有更高的声誉,但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱(facial makeup)和戏服都很精美,相形之下布景则显得十分简单。京剧表演者主要应用四种技能:唱、念、做、打。在古代,京剧大多是在户外演出的,因此演员们形成了一种极具穿透力的唱腔,以便每个人都能听到。 (分数:20.00)_3.中国象棋中国象棋属于二人对抗战略型棋盘游戏,是最受欢迎的棋盘游戏之一。在中国古代,象棋被列为士大夫们的修身之艺,现在则被视为一种益智的活动。象棋由两人轮流走子,以“将死”对方的将(帅)为胜。象棋棋盘共有 64 格,中间的“河界”将之分为两个“
3、敌对”的部分。每人各有棋子 16 枚,包括 1 枚将(帅)、2 枚马、2 枚车(chariot)、2 枚象(相)、2 枚士(仕)、2 枚炮和 5 枚兵(pawn)(卒)。一般而言,执红色棋子的一方先走子。 (分数:20.00)_4.红楼梦由曹雪芹所著。小说以贾氏家族为故事核心,描述了四大家族从富裕、有权有势沦为破落的过程。小说成功塑造了 100 多个经典人物,他们分属于清朝的不同阶层。红楼梦对中国的封建社会有深刻的描绘,如果想要了解中国人复杂的价值观,最好先能读懂红楼梦。毛主席认为红楼梦不仅是爱情故事,也是历史故事,因为它揭示了封建社会的衰败。 (分数:10.00)_5.饺子(Chinese
4、dumplings)是中国的传统食品。按照中国的传统风俗习惯,全家人都要在除夕那天聚在一起包饺子。他们会在其中一个饺子里藏个硬币,谁能吃到藏硬币的饺子就代表那个人在新的一年里会有好运气。此外,饺子的形状颇像中国古代的金元宝(gold ingots),因而象征着财富。因此,饺子是中国人民必不可少的食物,也是多数人钟爱的食物。 (分数:106.50)_6.中国梦中华民族历经磨难(trials and tribulations),自强不息,从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是近代以来中华民族的夙愿。实现中国梦,必须弘扬中国精神。用以爱国主义为核心的(patriotism-i
5、mbued)民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神振奋起全民族的“精气神”。实现中国梦,必须凝聚中国力量。我们要用 13 亿中国人的智慧和力量,把我们的国家建设好,把我们的民族发展好。 (分数:20.00)_7.假日经济是指人们利用节假日集中购物、集中消费,从而推动经济发展的一种经济模式。假日经济的主要经济特征是消费,主要文化特征是休闲与旅游。有关假日经济的优缺点有很多争议。很多人赞成它,尤其是一些经济学家,因为它刺激国内需求。然而,很多人并不赞成它,认为它给交通带来了沉重的压力,引起过度拥堵和安全问题。 (分数:20.00)_8.网络犯罪网络犯罪是增长最快的犯罪类型之一。越来越多的犯罪分子利用
6、现代科技所提供的快速、便捷和匿名性(anonymity)从事各种各样的犯罪活动,包括电脑数据攻击、身份盗用、散播虚假信息及传播电脑病毒等。互联网的全球性特征使犯罪分子得以在世界任何地方从事几乎任何违法犯罪活动。这使得所有国家有必要将其国内线下控制措施应用到网络犯罪领域。 (分数:20.00)_9.中国经济发展的规模和速度令人瞩目。然而,中国仍面临着巨大的挑战。官方数据显示,中国今年的物价跟去年相比上涨了 6.4%。除了物价上涨导致的问题,经济结构上的问题也有待解决。随着中国社会的发展和人们生适 方式 (lifestyle)的改变,转变经济模式的需求开始显现。这将要求去发展新兴产业,特别是服务业
7、。现在中国领导人已开始着手解决这些问题了。 (分数:20.00)_10.随着环境保护意识的日渐增长,“低碳”(low-carbon)这个词变得非常时尚。在许多领域都出现了这个词,如低碳产品、低碳消费、低碳旅游等。于是,“低碳生活”成为了一种新型的生活方式,旨在尽量减少生活中的二氧化碳排放(carbon dioxide emission)。例如,一些上班族不再以开私家车通勤而自豪,而是骑车或乘坐公共交通工具,并视之为时尚的生活方式。此外,他们还提倡水和其他自然能源的循环利用,并尽可能地做节约能源、有利于环保的事情,希望能够让人类生活的地球更加美丽和舒适。 (分数:10.00)_11.中国离婚率上
8、升在旧中国,几乎不用为婚姻和家庭生活担忧。中国的传统文化并不赞成离婚,离过婚的妇女也会被人瞧不起。然而,时代不断在变化,大众的观念也随之变化。人们不再为离婚感到羞耻。在今天的中国,每天大约有 4500 对夫妻分手,并且这个数字还在攀升。专家称,离婚率上升在意料之中,因为中国正经历着剧烈的经济和社会变革。 (分数:20.00)_12.压岁钱压岁钱(lucky money)是中国春节习俗中不可缺少的一项元素,是每个孩子过年时都热切期盼的礼物。除夕夜,家中的长辈会给予未成年的孩子一定数额的钱,称之为“压岁钱”,据说压岁钱可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。在中国,给压岁钱的风俗源远流长,流传至今。它是
9、长辈送给孩子的护身符(amulet),代表着长辈对孩子的美好祝福,可以保佑孩子在新的一年里健康吉利。 (分数:20.00)_13.中国的服饰中国自古就有服饰王国之称,中国服饰文化又象征着东方民族的审美观念(aesthetic notions)和创造力。人们用衣服来装饰身体,扮演角色,显示身份,辨别关系。经代代传承,服饰文化创造了一次又一次的高峰,也像活化石(living fossil)一样反映某种政治、经济、宗教和民俗(folk customs)文化。服饰演变史既是一部华夏民族的文化发展史,也是一部炎黄儿女共同生活的回忆史。 (分数:20.00)_大学英语四级分类模拟题 456 答案解析(总分
10、:326.50,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数:13,分数:326.50)1.西湖西湖位于杭州市中心的西部,是江南三大名湖之一。由于西湖的缘故,杭州自古就被誉为“人间天堂”。西湖就像镶嵌(inlay)在广袤大地上的一颗璀璨的明珠,以其秀丽的风景、闻名的古迹、灿烂的文化和丰富的特产而闻名。宋代大文豪苏轼在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜”的千古绝唱;白娘子的传奇故事(The Legend of White Snake)也给西湖增添了一层神秘色彩。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:The West LakeThe West Lake, located
11、in the western area of Hangzhou“s center, is one of the top three lakes in the regions south of the Yangtze River. Because of it, Hangzhou has been acclaimed as “a heaven on earth“ since ancient times. The West Lake is like a shining pearl inlaid on the vast land, renowned for its beautiful scenery,
12、 well-known historical sites, brilliant culture, and plentiful local specialties. The literary giant Su Shi in Song Dynasty left a poetic masterpiece through the ages there: The West Lake is like the beauty Xi Shi, who is always charming with either light or heavy make-up (rainy or shiny). The Legen
13、d of White Snake also brings the West Lake an air of mystery.2.京剧京剧(Peking Opera)已有 200 多年的历史,是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比,京剧享有更高的声誉,但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱(facial makeup)和戏服都很精美,相形之下布景则显得十分简单。京剧表演者主要应用四种技能:唱、念、做、打。在古代,京剧大多是在户外演出的,因此演员们形成了一种极具穿透力的唱腔,以便每个人都能听到。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:Peking OperaPeking Opera, as t
14、he national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Compared with other Chinese local operas, Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation; but actually it absorbs many elements of other local operas. The facial makeups and costumes of the performers are usually very delicate; by contrast,
15、the backdrops are quite plain. During the performance, the performers mainly utilize four skills: singing, speaking, acting and acrobatic fighting. In ancient times, Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air, so the performers developed a piercing style of singing that could be heard by ever
16、yone.3.中国象棋中国象棋属于二人对抗战略型棋盘游戏,是最受欢迎的棋盘游戏之一。在中国古代,象棋被列为士大夫们的修身之艺,现在则被视为一种益智的活动。象棋由两人轮流走子,以“将死”对方的将(帅)为胜。象棋棋盘共有 64 格,中间的“河界”将之分为两个“敌对”的部分。每人各有棋子 16 枚,包括 1 枚将(帅)、2 枚马、2 枚车(chariot)、2 枚象(相)、2 枚士(仕)、2 枚炮和 5 枚兵(pawn)(卒)。一般而言,执红色棋子的一方先走子。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:Chinese ChessChinese chess, known as Xiangqi, is
17、 a strategic board game for two players. It is one of the most popular board games. In ancient China, Chinese chess used to be listed as a way for scholar-officials to cultivate their moral characters, while now it“s regarded as a kind of activities to develop intelligence. The two players move by t
18、urn in the game with the objective of checkmating the opponent“s general or king. The board itself has 64 squares and has a “river“ in the middle that divides the board into two opposing parts. Each player has 16 pieces, including 1 general (king), 2 horses, 2 chariots, 2 elephants (bishops), 2 guar
19、ds, 2 cannons and 5 pawns. Generally speaking, the player with the red pieces moves first.4.红楼梦由曹雪芹所著。小说以贾氏家族为故事核心,描述了四大家族从富裕、有权有势沦为破落的过程。小说成功塑造了 100 多个经典人物,他们分属于清朝的不同阶层。红楼梦对中国的封建社会有深刻的描绘,如果想要了解中国人复杂的价值观,最好先能读懂红楼梦。毛主席认为红楼梦不仅是爱情故事,也是历史故事,因为它揭示了封建社会的衰败。 (分数:10.00)_正确答案:()解析: A Dream of Red Mansions is
20、 attributed to Cao Xueqin. The author chose Jia Clan as the focus, depicting how four affluent and influential families with prestige lost their favor and descended to crash. In the novel, about 100 classic characters are successfully portrayed. These characters concern people of all ranks in the Qi
21、ng Dynasty. A Dream of Red Mansions is a remarkable story about Chinese feudal society. To understand Chinese values in all its complexity, one can do no better than to read A Dream of Red Mansions. “It is not only a love story, but also a history story, because it describes the failure of the feuda
22、l period,“ commented Chairman Mao.5.饺子(Chinese dumplings)是中国的传统食品。按照中国的传统风俗习惯,全家人都要在除夕那天聚在一起包饺子。他们会在其中一个饺子里藏个硬币,谁能吃到藏硬币的饺子就代表那个人在新的一年里会有好运气。此外,饺子的形状颇像中国古代的金元宝(gold ingots),因而象征着财富。因此,饺子是中国人民必不可少的食物,也是多数人钟爱的食物。 (分数:106.50)_正确答案:()解析:Chinese dumplings are the traditional food in China. According to Ch
23、inese traditional customs , all family members reunite to make dumplings on the New Year“s Eve. They may hide a coin in one of the dumplings. The person who finds the coin is said to have good fortune in the New Year. In addition , dumplings stand for wealth for the shape of dumplings is similar to
24、the gold ingots in ancient times . Therefore, Chinese dumplings are a must for Chinese people, as well as the favorite food for them.6.中国梦中华民族历经磨难(trials and tribulations),自强不息,从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是近代以来中华民族的夙愿。实现中国梦,必须弘扬中国精神。用以爱国主义为核心的(patriotism-imbued)民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神振奋起全民族的“精气神”。实现中国梦
25、,必须凝聚中国力量。我们要用 13 亿中国人的智慧和力量,把我们的国家建设好,把我们的民族发展好。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:China DreamThough the Chinese nation has gone through trials and tribulations, it constantly strives to become stronger and has never given up its pursuit of great dreams. The great renewal of the Chinese nation has been a long-c
26、herished dream of the Chinese nation since modem times. To realize China dream, we must promote the Chinese spirit. We need to boost the morale of the whole nation with the patriotism-imbued national spirit and call of the time, namely, reform and innovation. To realize China dream, we must pool the
27、 strength of the whole country. With the wisdom and strength of the 1.3 billion Chinese, we will make China strong and the Chinese nation prosperous.7.假日经济是指人们利用节假日集中购物、集中消费,从而推动经济发展的一种经济模式。假日经济的主要经济特征是消费,主要文化特征是休闲与旅游。有关假日经济的优缺点有很多争议。很多人赞成它,尤其是一些经济学家,因为它刺激国内需求。然而,很多人并不赞成它,认为它给交通带来了沉重的压力,引起过度拥堵和安全问题。
28、 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:Holiday economy refers to an economic model in which people spend holidays in shopping and consuming intensively, thus pushing forward the development of economy. The main economic feature of holiday economy is consuming, and the main cultural feature of it is leisure and trave
29、ling. There are many debates on the advantages and disadvantages of holiday economy. Many people, especially some economists, are in favor of it, for it stimulates the domestic demands. However, many people are not in favor of it, believing that it brings heavy pressure on the traffic and causes ove
30、rcrowding and safety problems.8.网络犯罪网络犯罪是增长最快的犯罪类型之一。越来越多的犯罪分子利用现代科技所提供的快速、便捷和匿名性(anonymity)从事各种各样的犯罪活动,包括电脑数据攻击、身份盗用、散播虚假信息及传播电脑病毒等。互联网的全球性特征使犯罪分子得以在世界任何地方从事几乎任何违法犯罪活动。这使得所有国家有必要将其国内线下控制措施应用到网络犯罪领域。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:CybercrimeCybercrime is one of the fastest growing crimes. More and more crimin
31、als are exploiting the speed, convenience and anonymity that modern technologies offer in order to commit a diverse range of criminal activities, including attacks against computer data, identity theft, the distribution of false information as well as the deployment of computer viruses. The global n
32、ature of the Internet has allowed criminals to commit almost any illegal activity anywhere in the world, making it essential for all countries to adapt their domestic offline controls to cover crimes carried out in cyberspace.9.中国经济发展的规模和速度令人瞩目。然而,中国仍面临着巨大的挑战。官方数据显示,中国今年的物价跟去年相比上涨了 6.4%。除了物价上涨导致的问题,
33、经济结构上的问题也有待解决。随着中国社会的发展和人们生适 方式 (lifestyle)的改变,转变经济模式的需求开始显现。这将要求去发展新兴产业,特别是服务业。现在中国领导人已开始着手解决这些问题了。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:The scale and pace of China“s economic development has been remarkable. But China still faces significant challenges. Official figures showed that prices this year have risen by
34、6.4 percent compared with those of last year. In addition to the problems caused by rising prices, issues on economic structure should be addressed as well. As China develops and its people change their lifestyles, there appears the need to shift its economic model. This will require the development
35、 of new industries, particularly the service industry. Now China“s leaders are starting to deal with these issues.10.随着环境保护意识的日渐增长,“低碳”(low-carbon)这个词变得非常时尚。在许多领域都出现了这个词,如低碳产品、低碳消费、低碳旅游等。于是,“低碳生活”成为了一种新型的生活方式,旨在尽量减少生活中的二氧化碳排放(carbon dioxide emission)。例如,一些上班族不再以开私家车通勤而自豪,而是骑车或乘坐公共交通工具,并视之为时尚的生活方式。此外
36、,他们还提倡水和其他自然能源的循环利用,并尽可能地做节约能源、有利于环保的事情,希望能够让人类生活的地球更加美丽和舒适。 (分数:10.00)_正确答案:()解析:As the consciousness of environmental protection spreads over, the word “low-carbon“ has been very fashionable. It can be found in many aspects, such as low-carbon products, low-carbon consumption, low-carbon trips and
37、 so on. Therefore, “Low-carbon life“ has become a new pattern of lifestyle, aiming to lower the carbon dioxide emission in living as much as possible. For example, some office commuters are not proud of driving private cars any more, but view cycling or going out by means of public transportation as
38、 a fashionable lifestyle. In addition, they advocate recycling water and other natural resources, and act as much environment-friendly and energy-saving as they can, wishing to make the earth where human being lives more beautiful and enjoyable.11.中国离婚率上升在旧中国,几乎不用为婚姻和家庭生活担忧。中国的传统文化并不赞成离婚,离过婚的妇女也会被人瞧
39、不起。然而,时代不断在变化,大众的观念也随之变化。人们不再为离婚感到羞耻。在今天的中国,每天大约有 4500 对夫妻分手,并且这个数字还在攀升。专家称,离婚率上升在意料之中,因为中国正经历着剧烈的经济和社会变革。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:There was hardly any worry about marriage and family life in old China. Traditional Chinese culture frowned on divorce. The divorced women were looked down upon. But the pu
40、blic perceptions are changing along with the times. People don“t feel it a shame to divorce any more. In today“s China, about 4,500 couples split up every day and the figure is still climbing. Experts say, the rise in divorce rate is expected because China has been experiencing dramatic economic and
41、 social changes. 解析 1第 1 句为无主语句,翻译时可增译主语 people,但还不如套用 there be 句型来得简练客观,译作 There was hardly any.。句首的“在旧中国”是地点状语,译为 in old China,置于句末。“婚姻和家庭生活”可译为 marriage and family life。 2仔细分析可发现,第 2 句前后两个分句的主语并不相同,而且两个分句之间的关系也不是特别紧密,故可把它们拆译为两个独立的句子,以更符合英语表达习惯。“不赞成”用短语 frown on 来表达,更形象生动。 3第 3 句中的“时代不断在变化,大众的观念也随
42、之变化”可以直接对译为 the times are constantly changing, and the public perceptions are changing along with them as well,但还不如译为 the public perceptions are changing along with the times 来得简洁。 4第 4 句中的“为(做什么事)感到羞耻”可套用 feel it a shame to do sth. 句型。 5倒数第 2 句中的“每天大约有 4500 对夫妻分手,并且这个数字还在攀升”为并列关系,在翻译时可把第 1 个分句的主语转换成“大约有 4500 对夫妻”,以与第 2 个分句的主语“数字”相呼应,译为 about 4,500 couples,而不必译为 there are about 4,500 couples,谓语动词译为 split up(分手)就行了。12.压岁钱压岁钱(lucky money)是中国春节习俗中不可缺少的一项元素,是每个孩子过年时都热切期盼的礼物。除夕夜,家中的长辈会给予未成年的孩子一定数额的钱,称之为“压岁钱”,据说压岁钱可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。在中国,给压岁钱的风