1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 404及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)More young Americans have become better educated. This reflects a 1 in the labor market, which has increasingly rewarded post-secondary education. At the same time, the economy has seen a decrea
2、se in well-paid manual labor that required skills learned on the job or in trade schools. The shift to a more service-oriented economy means universities and colleges have 2 trade schools and apprenticeships. On the one hand that is good because it makes the American labor force better educated. The
3、oretically, it should also increase meritocracy (精英教育). Much of the income. 3 in America can be explained by the earning differential between college and non-college graduates. As more people attend university, income differences should be reduced. But as university education becomes more widely 4 ,
4、 should curricula change? Between labor-market demand and innate ability, probably only a fraction of the population benefit 5 from doing so. On the other hand, America 6 from title inflation. A university degree is now a prerequisite (必要条件) to middle-class membership. Rather than just being 7 of ed
5、ucation, it is also an expensive and time-consuming signal. The high rate of entrance examination masks a grave problem. Dropping out of university is at 8 levels, especially among low-income Americans. Starting but not finishing a degree 9 in a considerable loss of time and money. Many poor student
6、s drop out not just because of cost, but because they find themselves unprepared and frustrated. Offering more practical degrees could be part of the solution to this problem, though it is not a 10 solution. A. available I. equaled B. consists J. proof C. conversely K. replaced D. decrease L. result
7、s E. delicate M. shift F. difference N. suffers G. economically O. sufficient H. epidemic（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)A Grassroots RemedyA. Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than
8、inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don“t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is m
9、y profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. B. But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these
10、ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: Families had moved to be
11、tter housing and the children were assessed for ADHDattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. C. A study in Sweden indic
12、ated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire s
13、chool. Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the
14、 social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity. D. Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, wi
15、th its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife. But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to t
16、he children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. E. One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money
17、on drugs rather than on green places. The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thin
18、g in finding that quality. F. In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr William Bird, researcher from t
19、he Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.“ Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. G. We tend to look
20、 on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: Not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a spe
21、cies of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or
22、chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human. H. There are several ways to
23、 find harmony with the natural world. By walking you can break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Or you can take a mome
24、nt, every now and then, to sit in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that“s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, and feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. I. The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second be
25、st way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more, and your mind responds gra
26、tefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life. Pay a visit to the places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somew
27、here special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.（分数：40.00）(1).Nowadays children are deprived of the freedom to get close to nature.（分数：4.00）(2).It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.（分数：4.00）(3).Children who have chances to explore
28、 natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.（分数：4.00）(4).To go outside with a good person is also a good way of enjoying the natural world.（分数：4.00）(5).Elderly people benefit from their contact with nature and enjoy a life of better quality.（分数：4.00）(6).Dr William Bird suggests in his
29、study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.（分数：4.00）(7).A study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.（分数：4.00）(8).The author believes that we would not be so civilised without the wild world.（分数：4.00）(9).According to the author,
30、people instinctively seek nature in different ways.（分数：4.00）(10).The author suggests that we provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.（分数：4.00）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Water shortages on planet Earth? It seems impossible. Images of our planet from outer space sh
31、ow vast oceans, lakes as big as small countries, and wide rivers flowing with incredible volume. How can there not be enough water? But the fact is that the world is facing the prospect of water shortages caused by population growth, uneven supplies of water, pollution, and other factors. The United
32、 Nations predicts that water shortages could hinder the economic growth of some countries and lead to food shortages and, even possibly, to international conflicts. Is there enough water for everyone in the world? According to the U.N. Commission on Sustainable Development, humans currently use abou
33、t half of the 12,500 cu km (立方千米) of water that is readily available from groundwater, rivers, and lakes. So by a simple measure of liters and gallons, there is enough water to quench (结束) the thirst of every creature and plant, every field, and every industry now existing. But water remains a fixed
34、 resource. “Given an expected population increase of about 50 percent in the next 50 years, coupled with expected increases in demand as a result of economic growth and lifestyle changes, this does not leave much room for increased consumption,“ the U.N. commission said. A certain amount of water mu
35、st be set aside to support the environment. Humans cannot drain the world“s lakes, rivers, and aquifers (蓄水层) without causing catastrophic (灾难性的) environmental damage. The world“s population has been growing enormously. The U.N. estimates that it will be over 9 billion by 2050. The amount of water a
36、vailable to each person decreases as the population grows, raising the possibility of water shortages. Water shortages will not come all at once in every part of the world. Just as the world“s population is unevenly distributed by region, so is the annual supply of renewable water. Rainfall and snow
37、fall are determined by uneven weather patterns and landscape, and as a result, some areas of the world get more precipitation (降水量) than others. This leads to the uneven distribution of water all over the world.（分数：15.00）(1).What“s the purpose to mention the images of our planet from outer space in
38、the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.To demonstrate the great impact of water shortages on Earth.B.To show the serious problem of water shortages on Earth.C.To explain why water shortages on Earth seem impossible.D.To present the beauty of the Earth and our love for it.(2).What result will water shortages
39、 bring according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It will lead to population growth and uneven supplies of water.B.It will make the present vast oceans become deserts.C.It will have serious consequences for the well-being of humans.D.It will impose an intolerable economic burden on all the residents on Ear
40、th.(3).What will happen if humans drain the world“s lakes, rivers and aquifers?（分数：3.00）A.The thirst of existing creature will be quenched.B.The environment will be damaged severely.C.The species diversity will not be totally mined.D.Humans“ lifestyles will be changed.(4).What can we know from the l
41、ast paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Uneven supplies of water are caused by uneven distributed population.B.Water shortages will break out in every country simultaneously some day.C.Some areas won“t suffer water shortages because they have more lakes and rivers.D.The annual supply of renewable water is determin
42、ed by weather patterns and landscape.(5).What does the author intend to convey in writing this passage?（分数：3.00）A.Water shortages have had serious effects on society.B.Water remains a fixed resource but the need for it continues increasing.C.The world has to deal with the problems arising from water
43、 shortages.D.The world is facing the danger of water shortages.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true for workers in poor countries7 The answer is that they are even mor
44、e likely than their rich-country counterparts (植物相当的人) to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain. Orthodox (传统的) economics takes an optimistic line on integration and the developing countries. Openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to flow to poor economi
45、es. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be higher than those in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labor have already been used up. If poor countries lower their barriers to trade and investm
46、ent, rich foreigners will want to send over some of their capital. If this inflow of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment (组合投资), it will supplement domestic savings and loosen the financial constraint on additional investment by local companies. If it arrives in the form o
47、f new foreign-controlled operations, FDI, so much the better: This kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labor and partly
48、 by making labor more productive. This is why workers in FDI-receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from integration than workers in FDI-sending countries. Also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same static and dynamic gains from trade should apply in devel
49、oping countries as in rich ones. This gain-from-trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets through trade do not come at the expense of its poor- country trading partners, or vice versa. Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive-sum game. In all these transactions, both sidesexporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders and workerscan gain.（分数：15.00）(1).Why are workers in poor countries more likely to benefit from globalization than tho
