1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 403 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Conversational skills are very important at work and in life. Those who are at ease on conversation have the ability to “connect“ with others, which helps them build rapport (友好关系) and, eventua
2、lly, relationships. Mastering 1 at small talk can be an important step in your professional development and can actually help you get ahead. Initiating a small talk requires a(n) 2 line. Not the kind of “line“ you might hear in a bar or nightclub, but one that sounds 3 and lets the other person know
3、 you“re interested in talking with him. Don“t open up with a 4 . Make sure what you say has a positive spin. The real art in small talk comes in how you keep the conversation 5 . So don“t monopolize (独占) the conversation. Ask a question of the other person and really listen to his response. Then 6 o
4、n what he said with comments from your own personal experience and ask another question. Good conversationalists are people keeping up with the news and being 7 involved in life. The final step in small talk is the ending. A subtle way to signal that you“re ready to end the conversation is to break
5、eye contact. A 8 word like “Well“ can also communicate that it“s time to stop. Also, you can tell the other person you truly enjoyed talking with him and hope to have the chance to talk again. Leave a positive final 9 with a smile and strong handshake. Small talk may seem 10 , but you can gather a l
6、ot of helpful information when talking casually with someone. A. actively I. insignificant B. amusing J. occasionally C. complaint K. opening D. concern L. remark E. elaborate M. sincere F. flowing N. skills G. illustrate O. transition H. impression（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)History of Ame
7、rican ImmigrationA. Ancient peoples only loosely related to modem Asians crossed the Arctic land bridge to settle America about 15000 years ago, according to a study offering new evidence that the Western Hemisphere had a more genetically diverse population at a much earlier time than previously tho
8、ught. The early immigrants most closely resembled the prehistoric Jomon people of Japan and their closest modem descendants, the Ainu, from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, the study said. Both the Jomon and Ainu have skull and facial characteristics more genetically similar to those of Europeans th
9、an those of mainland Asians. B. The immigrants settled throughout the hemisphere, and were in place when a second migrationfrom mainland Asiacame across the Bering Strait beginning 5000 years ago and swept southward as far as modern-day Arizona and New Mexico, the study said. The second migration is
10、 the genetic origin of today“s Inuit, Aleuts and the Navajo of the U.S. southwest. The study in today“s edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences adds new evidence to help settle one of anthropology“s most controversial debates: Who were the first Americans? And when did they co
11、me? C. “When this has been done before, it“s been done from one point of view,“ said University of Michigan physical anthropologist C. Loring Brace, who led the team of researchers from the United States, China and Mongolia who wrote the new report. “We try to put together more aspects.“ For decades
12、, anthropologists held that the Americas were populated by a single migration from Asia about 11200 years agothe supposed age of the earliest of the elegantly crafted, grooved arrowheads first found in the 1930s in Clovis, N.M. By the end of the 1990s, however, the weight of evidence had pushed back
13、 the date of the first arrivals several thousand years. A site at Cactus Hill, near Richmond, may be 1700O years old. D. In Chile, scientists discovering a 12500-year-old settlement at Monte Verde have found evidence of a human presence that may extend as far as 30000 years. But as the migration tim
14、etable went on, additional questions have arisen. The 1996 discovery in Kennewick, Washington, of the nearly complete skeleton of a 9300-year-old man with “apparently Caucasoid“ features stimulated interest in the possibility of two or more migrationsincluding the possible incoming from Europe. E. T
15、he new study attempted to answer this question by comparing 21 skull and facial characteristics from more than 10000 ancient and modern populations in the Western Hemisphere and the Old World. The findings provide strong evidence supporting earlier work suggesting that ancient Americans, like Kennew
16、ick Man, were descended from the Jomon, who walked from Japan to the Asian mainland and eventually to the Western Hemisphere on land bridges as the Earth began to warm up about 15000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age. Brace described these early immigrants as “hunters and gatherers“ following
17、 herds of mastodon (乳齿象) first into North America, and eventually spreading throughout the hemisphere. Because the Northin both Siberia and Canadawas still extremely cold, only a limited number of people could make the trek and survive. So immigration slowed, Brace said, for about 10 millennia. Then
18、, about 5000 years ago, agriculture developed on mainland Asia, enabling people to grow, store and carry food in more lonely areas. F. Movement resumed, but the newcomers were genetically Asians“distinct racially“ from the first wave, Brace added. The second wave spread across what is now Canada and
19、 came southward, cohabiting with the earlier settlers and eventually creating the mixed population found by the Spaniards in the 15th century. While many researchers agree on the likelihood of two migrations, both their timing and origin are matters of dispute. Brace“s team suggests that both moveme
20、nts occurred after the last Ice Age began to moderate between 14000 and 15000 years ago. G. But University of Pennsylvania molecular anthropologist Theodore Schurr said genetic data in American populations suggest that humans may have been in the Western Hemisphere much earlier25000 to 30000 years a
21、go. This would mean that the first wave came before the “glacial maximum“ between 14000 and 20000 years ago, when the Ice Age was at its fiercest and “human movement was practically impossible,“ Schurr said. “Were there people here before the last glacial maximum?“ he asked. “The suggestion is “Yes“
22、.“ H. The third wave arose in the American continent around the year 1000, when a small number of Vikings arrived. Five hundred years later, the great European migration began. In some cases, the co-existence of Europeans and Native Americans was peaceful. In other cases, there were cultural clashes
23、, leading to violence and disease. Many people from Africa, however, were bought here against their will to work as forced laborers in the building of a new nation. As early as 1619, slaves from Africa and the Caribbean were brought forcibly to America. Later, 102 English colonists (later referred t
24、o as the “Pilgrims“) set sail in 1620 on the Mayflower. They landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts. This is generally considered by many to be the “start“ of planned European migration! In 1638, just 18 years after the Mayflower, the Swedes began their migration to America. Unlike the Pilgrim Fathers, t
25、he Swedes were not religious opponentsthey were an organized group of colonizers sent by the Swedish Government to establish a colony in Delaware. In 1655, the colony was lost to the Dutch. In the mid-1840s, a wave of Swedish migration began with the landing of a group of migrant farmers in New York
26、 and continued up to World War I. I. During the colonial era most of the immigrants to the U.S. came from Northern Europe. Their numbers declined during the 1770s, but picked up during the mid-1800s. New arrivals came from several countries, but mostly from Germany and Ireland where crop failures ca
27、used many to leave their homelands. Other groups also arrived from the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, the Scandinavian countries, and Eastern Europe.（分数：40.00）(1).Many researchers have different opinions about the first two migrations in terms of origin and timing.（分数：4.00）(2).Most Irish people immigrat
28、ed to America because of crop failures in their homeland.（分数：4.00）(3).Only small numbers of early immigrants survived in Siberia and Canada in that the extreme cold weather wasn“t suitable for their survival.（分数：4.00）(4).Before the end of the 1990s, anthropologists held the opinion that the migratio
29、n from Asia populated the Americas about 11200 years ago.（分数：4.00）(5).Cultural clashes made people in the American continent sometimes not co-exist in peace during the third wave of immigration.（分数：4.00）(6).According to Brace, the new immigrants and the first immigrants are totally different in race
30、.（分数：4.00）(7).Jomon people“s facial features have more genetic similarities to Europeans“.（分数：4.00）(8).The anthropologists“ earlier work believes that the Jomon are the ancestors of the Kennewick Man.（分数：4.00）(9).The second migration includes the ancestors of today“s Inuit and the Navajo of U.S. sou
31、thwest.（分数：4.00）(10).According to Schurr, human movement was impossible in fact during the fiercest period of the Ice Age.（分数：4.00）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The next generation telephone is called superphone or Personal Communication Network (PCN). Your superphone goes w
32、herever you go, in your pocket. You can use it in the street, in an aeroplane, a boat, or a taxi; you can call from anywhere on the globe to anywhere else. Calls travel at the speed of light, via satellites using ultraviolet (紫外线的), high-frequency wave bands and each communication is automatically b
33、illed to your account. This new phone is the size and shape of a billfold (皮夹). You unfold it to use it, making it long enough to reach from your ear to your mouth. There is a miniaturized touch pad, on which to enter the number you are calling. There is also a tiny liquid crystal screen on which yo
34、u can read weather, news or financial reports. These news items are constantly updated by the company that sells the service. Letter keys on the touch pad also allow you to use this electronic marvel as a computer or word processor. You can plug it into your large home or office computer in order to
35、 transfer any data that you feed in during a business trip. The PCN also stores any useful information of your own that you might need as you travel, such as the names, addresses and phone numbers of several hundred people, important meetings, flight details, and so on. When you need information, yo
36、u simply call it up on the screen. You can even use your PCN to activate electronically controlled equipment at home. For example, you could switch your oven on or off, start the sprinkler system (洒水系统) in your garden during a dry spell, get your video recorder to record a show on television, turn o
37、ff the central heating, and so on. All of this from thousands of miles away, perhaps from the back of a camel in the desert. Prototypes (雏形) are already being trialed. In spite of the complex technology, they will be cheap because of the enormous sales that will be made.（分数：15.00）(1).What can we lea
38、rn about superphone from the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.It has a very wide coverage of signals.B.It deducts fees directly from a user“s account.C.It offers a nearly free communicating service.D.It enables users to speak quickly.(2).What do we learn about the various news items on the PCN“s screen?（分
39、数：3.00）A.They are compiled according to users“ appetite.B.They are renewed by the provider.C.They provide information about goods discounts.D.They advertise products for companies.(3).What is a function of the superphone?（分数：3.00）A.It can extend as long as you want.B.It can turn into a mini-TV.C.It
40、can be used as a billfold.D.It can act as a remote control.(4).What is the author“s purpose of mentioning “from the back of a camel in the desert“?（分数：3.00）A.To show the great impact of the new phone on the world.B.To emphasize the strong remote control function of the new phone.C.To demonstrate how
41、 to operate the new phone in such places.D.To show travelers“ affection for the new phone.(5).What statement does the author agree with?（分数：3.00）A.The new phone will be very expensive.B.The new phone has been put into mass production.C.The new phone is still a brainchild.D.The new phone has excellen
42、t prospects in market.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)In The Birth Order Book: Why You Are the Way You Are, Dr. Kevin Leman notes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children. More than half of United States presidents have been first-borns or first-born boys. It“s
43、a pretty significant finding historically, because families used to be bigger than they are today. In addition, older children generally have higher IQs and achievements than younger ones. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has, the lower each child“s individual IQ tends to be. They
44、give a few reasons for this. Parents only have so much time, attention, and money. The more kids they have, the more these things are divided. First-borns initially get the entire parental time. What“s more, the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby. So the younger ones are surroun
45、ded by more children“s language on average than the older kids. Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality birth-order differences. In his book Born to Rebel, psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dad“s attention is the thing that really shapes our persona
46、lities and, in fact has shaped history. He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Morn and Dad. Younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) tend to become rebels. Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their first-born p
47、eers. The conclusion of his book is that sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution. Thomas Jefferson, Karl Marx, and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings, for example. As compelling as this all is, it“s also something we should probably take wi
48、th caution. There are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition of siblings to our families. A parent can die; a hurricane can leave us homeless; we can catch a life-threatening disease. Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the pres
49、ence of siblings. A 2002 study bore this out. After interviewing 535 undergraduates, researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were “folklore“, although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research.（分数：15.00）(1).What do we learn from the third paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Younger children need parental attention rather than siblings“.B.Younger children“s language mostly is taught by the older ones.C.Younger children feel uncomfortable with more siblings.D.Younger children have less chance to talk with their parents.(2).What statements will F
