1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 362及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数：10，分数：100.00)1.皮影戏(the shadow puppetry)又称“影子戏”，是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光映在帘布上，这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个人偶。皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷。 （分数：10.00）_2.在中国神话中，土地神可能是地位最低、最不被人注意的神，但它是中国人最普遍供奉的神之一。在过去，几乎家家户户珍藏
2、着(enshrine)土地神。为土地神建造的各种规模的土地庙分散在城乡地区，吸引了大量的香客(pilgrim)。对土地神的崇拜来源于远古时代的土地崇拜。随着社会的发展，自然崇拜的色彩逐渐消退，土地神被赋予了大量的社会职责，变得更加拟人化。 （分数：10.00）_3.京剧是中国戏曲中影响力最大的一支。京剧人物角色以性别、年龄、身份和个性为基础进行区分。主要有四大行当(character type)，分别是生、旦、净、丑。“生”是一个男性角色，进一步细分为老生、小生和武生(martial sheng)。“旦”指各种女性角色。“净”角则是在性格、品质或相貌上有突出特点的男性人物。“丑”是一个机敏、滑
3、稽而讽刺的角色。 （分数：10.00）_4.孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创始人，世界上最著名的文化名人之一。相传孔子曾修五经，撰写春秋。孔子学说植根于中国传统和信仰。孔子提倡忠诚于家庭，敬奉祖先，尊老爱幼，注重家庭在理想政府统治中的根基作用。他的经典名言己所不欲，勿施于人是黄金法则的最早版本之一。 （分数：10.00）_5.现在的汉语口语叫作白话，它在 20世纪 20年代取代了古汉语。其书写体系已经有上千年没有变化了，而且所有的方言也是如此。学习汉语是复杂而困难的，汉语包括近 6万个汉字，但是只有大约 5000个汉字被用在日常生活中。与其他使用语音字母的现代语言不同，汉语在书写
4、上使用象形文字(pictograph)和表意文字(ideograph)，即代表概念而非语音的符号。 （分数：10.00）_6.王羲之，祖籍为现在的山东省，东晋大书法家，后人尊称他为“书圣”(the Sage of Calligraphy)。王羲之年轻时跟卫夫人学习书法，后来又到处游历，学习了书法界前辈们的碑刻。据说他常常夜以继日地练习书法。休息时，他还想着字的结构，手指就在衣服上画，时间一长，连衣服也写破了。王羲之在行书(running script)和草书(cursive script)方面的独特风格对后世书法家影响很大。 （分数：10.00）_7.春联(the spring couplet
5、)是中国一种独特的文学形式。它由贴在门两侧的两个对立的(antithetical)句子和贴在门上方的横批(horizontal scroll)组成，横批通常是一个吉祥的(auspicious)短语。随着春节的来临，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一副大红春联贴在门上。在中国人的传统观念里，一年中有个好的开端是最惬意、最吉利的事，所以他们就用贴春联来表达自己在过去一年中的美好感受和对未来的一种美好期盼。 （分数：10.00）_8.风水(Feng shui)是中国建筑中的一个特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置与安排方法，其目的是为了实现与环境的和谐共存。在古代，风水通常将从选址、设计、建筑到内部和外部
6、装修的整个过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。它反对人对自然的破坏，而强调人与环境的共处。 （分数：10.00）_9.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是世界医学的遗产。中医在很多方面要优于西医。因为其效果和医治方式，现在中医在世界上越来越流行了。中医起源于古代，已经发展了很长一段时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传统中医讲究身体系统的平衡，一旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损害是疾病的根源。 （分数：10.00）_10.四合院(siheyuan)是中国传统民居中最重要的形式。它数量
7、多、分布广，并且在汉族、满族、白族以及其他少数民族中十分流行。大多数房屋采用木质框架。主屋建在南北走向的轴线上，两个厢房(wing room)则位于四合院的两侧。家庭中的长者住在主屋中，而两翼则是年轻一代的卧室。妇女住在内院。客人和男仆住在外院。这种分布符合封建礼制(feudal regulation)。 （分数：10.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 362答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数：10，分数：100.00)1.皮影戏(the shadow puppetry)又称“影子戏”，是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵
8、用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光映在帘布上，这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个人偶。皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：The shadow puppetry, also known as “shadow play“, is one of China“s famous folk opera forms. During the performance, players usually sing while manipulating human figures, which are m
9、ade of animal skins and paper boards. The shadows of those human figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates the illusion of moving images. Sometimes the performer needs to control three or four puppets. Shadow puppetry enjoys a long history in China. It was introduced to many
10、 countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience.2.在中国神话中，土地神可能是地位最低、最不被人注意的神，但它是中国人最普遍供奉的神之一。在过去，几乎家家户户珍藏着(enshrine)土地神。为土地神建造的各种规模的土地庙分散在城乡地区，吸引了大量的香客(pilgrim)。对土地神的崇拜来源于远古时代的土地崇拜。随着社会的发展，自然崇拜的色彩逐渐消退，土地神被赋予了大量的社会职责，变得更加拟人化。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：The God of Land may be the lowe
11、st-ranking and most unnoticed god in Chinese mythology. but it“s one of the most widely worshipped gods among the Chinese. In the past, nearly all households enshrined the God of Land. Temples of various sizes which were dedicated to the god scattered in urban and rural areas, attracting a large num
12、ber of pilgrims. The worship of the God of Land stems from the worship of land in ancient times. Along with the social development, the color of nature worship faded away and a lot of social functions were given to the God of Land, which became more and more personified.3.京剧是中国戏曲中影响力最大的一支。京剧人物角色以性别、
13、年龄、身份和个性为基础进行区分。主要有四大行当(character type)，分别是生、旦、净、丑。“生”是一个男性角色，进一步细分为老生、小生和武生(martial sheng)。“旦”指各种女性角色。“净”角则是在性格、品质或相貌上有突出特点的男性人物。“丑”是一个机敏、滑稽而讽刺的角色。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Beijing Opera is the most influential branch of Chinese opera. The character roles of Beijing Opera are distinguished on the basis
14、 of sex, age, identity and personality. There are four main character types: the Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou. The Sheng is a male character, which is further subdivided into the elderly Sheng, the young Sheng, and the martial Sheng. The Dan refers to various female roles. The Jing role is a male char
15、acter whose personality, quality or appearance is special. The Chou is a smart, funny and satirizing character.4.孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创始人，世界上最著名的文化名人之一。相传孔子曾修五经，撰写春秋。孔子学说植根于中国传统和信仰。孔子提倡忠诚于家庭，敬奉祖先，尊老爱幼，注重家庭在理想政府统治中的根基作用。他的经典名言己所不欲，勿施于人是黄金法则的最早版本之一。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Confucius was a great thinker
16、and educator of ancient China, the founder of Confucianism and one of the most prestigious cultural celebrities in the world. Legend has it that Confucius edited The Five Classics, and compiled The Spring and Autumn Annals. Confucius“ principles had a basis in common Chinese tradition and belief. He
17、 valued strong familial loyalty, ancestor worship, respect for the elder and love for the young, and concern for the family as the base for an ideal government. He expressed the well-known principle, “Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself“, one of the earliest versions of the Gol
18、den Rule.5.现在的汉语口语叫作白话，它在 20世纪 20年代取代了古汉语。其书写体系已经有上千年没有变化了，而且所有的方言也是如此。学习汉语是复杂而困难的，汉语包括近 6万个汉字，但是只有大约 5000个汉字被用在日常生活中。与其他使用语音字母的现代语言不同，汉语在书写上使用象形文字(pictograph)和表意文字(ideograph)，即代表概念而非语音的符号。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Modern spoken Chinese, which replaced the classical language in the 1920s, is called Baih
19、ua. The writing system has not changed for thousands of years and it is the same as all the dialects. It is complex and difficult to learn Chinese, which consists of almost sixty thousand characters, although only about five thousand are used in people“s everyday life. Unlike other modern languages,
20、 which use phonetic alphabets, Chinese is written in pictographs and ideographs, symbols that represent concepts rather than sounds.6.王羲之，祖籍为现在的山东省，东晋大书法家，后人尊称他为“书圣”(the Sage of Calligraphy)。王羲之年轻时跟卫夫人学习书法，后来又到处游历，学习了书法界前辈们的碑刻。据说他常常夜以继日地练习书法。休息时，他还想着字的结构，手指就在衣服上画，时间一长，连衣服也写破了。王羲之在行书(running script)和
21、草书(cursive script)方面的独特风格对后世书法家影响很大。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Wang Xizhi was born in today“s Shandong Province. He was a great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was called by later generations the Sage of Calligraphy. He learned the art of calligraphy from Lady Wei in his youth. Then he trave
22、led widely to study tablet inscriptions executed by venerable seniors in calligraphy. It is said that he used to practice day and night. When he took a rest, he still thought of the structure of characters, and his fingers would trace them on his garments which became worn out over time. Wang Xizhi“
23、s unique style in both running script and cursive script had a great influence on calligraphers of later generations.7.春联(the spring couplet)是中国一种独特的文学形式。它由贴在门两侧的两个对立的(antithetical)句子和贴在门上方的横批(horizontal scroll)组成，横批通常是一个吉祥的(auspicious)短语。随着春节的来临，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一副大红春联贴在门上。在中国人的传统观念里，一年中有个好的开端是最惬意、
24、最吉利的事，所以他们就用贴春联来表达自己在过去一年中的美好感受和对未来的一种美好期盼。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：The spring couplet is a unique form of literature in China. It is composed of two antithetical sentences pasted to both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll, usually an auspicious phrase, pasted above the door. With the coming of
25、the Spring Festival, every family, no matter in the city or in the countryside, will carefully select a bright red spring couplet and paste it to the door. In traditional Chinese view, a good beginning of the year is the coziest and most auspicious, so they paste spring couplets to show their good f
26、eelings in the past year and express their hopes for a good future.8.风水(Feng shui)是中国建筑中的一个特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置与安排方法，其目的是为了实现与环境的和谐共存。在古代，风水通常将从选址、设计、建筑到内部和外部装修的整个过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。它反对人对自然的破坏，而强调人与环境的共处。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Feng shui, a special Chinese tradition in archit
27、ecture, is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve coexistence in harmony with the environment. Feng shui usually links the whole process from site selection, designing, construction to the interior and exterior decoration in ancienttimes. It merges the Heaven，t
28、he Earth and humans into an organic whole, and seeks harmony among the selected site, orientation, laws of nature and human fate. It opposes human destruction of nature and stresses the coexistence of man and the environment.9.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是世界医学的遗产。中医在很多方面要优于西医。因为其效果和医治方式，现在中医在世界上
29、越来越流行了。中医起源于古代，已经发展了很长一段时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传统中医讲究身体系统的平衡，一旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损害是疾病的根源。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Traditional Chinese Medicine is the heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine has an advantage over Western medicine in many aspects. Now it is more and more popular in the w
30、orld due to its effect and its way to heal people. Originating from the ancient time, Traditional Chinese Medicine has developed for a long time and has collected various ways to treat different illnesses. Traditional Chinese Medicine pays attention to the balance of the body system. Once the body s
31、ystem of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.10.四合院(siheyuan)是中国传统民居中最重要的形式。它数量多、分布广，并且在汉族、满族、白族以及其他少数民族中十分流行。大多数房屋采用木质框架。主屋建在南北走向的轴线上，两个厢房(wing room)则位于四合院的两侧。家庭中的长者住在主屋中，而两翼则是年轻一代的卧室。妇女住在内院。客人和男仆住在外院。这种分布符合封建礼制(feudal regulation)
32、。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Siheyuan is the most important form of traditional Chinese residential houses. It is great in number and wide in distribution, popular among the Han, Manchu, Bai, and some other minority groups. Most of the houses are made of wood framework. The principal room is built on the
33、south-north axis, and two wing rooms are located on both sides of it. The elders in the family live in the principal room and the wing rooms are for the younger generations. Women live in the inner yard. Guests and male servants live in the outer yard. This distribution is in accordance with the feudal regulations.
