1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 350 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)An industrial society, especially one as centralised and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services, for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbours
2、. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger. It is this interdependency of the ec
3、onomic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries“ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour force is highly organized. About 55 perc
4、ent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain“s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the impro
5、vement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve. There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of industrial changes. Others are involved in argu
6、ments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing
7、 technologies, unions fight for their members“ disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of other unions“ members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional
8、 highly-paid jobs. Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be reelected re
9、gularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards“ in many unions, “shop stewards“ are workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.（分数：20.00）(1).The trade union power is important in Br
10、itain because _.（分数：4.00）A.the economy is very interdependentB.unions have been established a long timeC.there are more unions in Britain than elsewhereD.there are few essential services(2).Why is it difficult to improve the procedures for fixing wage levels?（分数：4.00）A.Some industries have no unions
11、.B.Unions are not organized according to industries.C.Only 55 percent of workers belong to unions.D.Some unions are too powerful.(3).Because of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to _.（分数：4.00）A.change as industries changeB.get new members to joinC.launch movements with eas
12、e.D.bargain for high enough wages(4).Disagreements arise between unions because _.（分数：4.00）A.some unions try to win over members of other unionsB.some unions ignore agreementsC.there are different levels of wages from union to unionD.some unions take over other union“s jobs(5).What basic problem are
13、 we told most trade unions face?（分数：4.00）A.They are not equal in size or influence.B.They are not organized efficiently.C.They is lack of internal communication.D.They do not have enough members.In a survey conducted by research firm Harris Interactive, 71% of Americans said that spending extra mone
14、y on travel during the holiday season is worthwhileso long as it affords them time with family and friends. But just because traveling may be the right thing to do, that doesn“t mean it has to be the expensive thing to do. Traveling involves many hidden costs that, once you“re aware of them, are eas
15、y to spotand even easier to eliminate. To start, consider transportation fees. For example, if you“re driving, fill up the gas tank before traveling on the highway, where it“s much costlier, says Clarky Davis, a personal finance expert. And make sure your car is in good condition by checking your he
16、ating vents, keeping up with routine maintenance and ensuring your tires are properly inflated, all of which help the car achieve favorable fuel economy. Furthermore, not only does a tow car (救援车) cause inconvenience; it also means extra costs. For those opting to fly, first, be aware of how much it
17、 costs to check a bag. Most airlines are charging for every checked bag by weight, but prices vary from carrier to carrier. If you can manage to pack everything into a carry-on, you“ll save at least $15. Brooke Ferencsik, a travel expert, suggests considering secondary airports when booking your fli
18、ght. These airports often are less crowded and frequently offer cheaper tickets. And when it comes to your actual destination, don“t assume that hotels are going to cut back on fees simply because they“re desperate to draw customers. “They won“t be adding or increasing fees, but they won“t be decrea
19、sing them either,“ says Ferencsik. The best defense against extra fees is to read about the hotel“s rates online, before you make a reservation. “Be aware of surcharges for everything from housekeeping to groundskeeping to use of the in-room safe,“ says Ferenesik. Some hotels even install a sensor (
20、传感器) within the mini bar, charging guests for simply touching the items, let alone eating or drinking them. “From airlines to hotels to rental cars, they“ve all got hidden fees you need to be aware of,“ says Ferencsik. “Do your homework and ask questions.“（分数：20.00）(1).It is found that 71% of Americ
21、ans regard it as worthwhile to _.（分数：4.00）A.spend money on souvenirs while traveling with family and friendsB.accept hidden costs while traveling with family and friendsC.travel with family and friends during the holiday seasonD.travel with family and friends so as to please them(2).How can fuel eco
22、nomy be improved?（分数：4.00）A.By filling up the gas tank off the highway.B.By considering transportation fees wisely.C.By avoiding the inconvenience of a tow car.D.By keeping your car in good condition.(3).It is advised that everything be packed into a carry-on most probably because a carry-on _.（分数：4
23、.00）A.is usually free of chargeB.is more convenient than several checked bagsC.is subject to safety guaranteeD.is usually of a larger size than checked bags(4).When looking for a hotel room, customers usually take it for granted that _.（分数：4.00）A.extra fees are specified in the hotel“s ratesB.online
24、 reservation provides the best ratesC.there is a surcharge for any in-room serviceD.hotels attract customers by reducing fees(5).The article is providing advice to _.（分数：4.00）A.spend money wiselyB.make travelling enjoyableC.economize on holidaysD.avoid hidden cost on a tripShoppers on Black Friday,
25、the traditional start of the holiday shopping season in America, are notoriously aggressive. Some even start queuing outside stores before dawn to be the first to lay their hands on heavily discounted merchandise. Despite the frenzy at many stores, however, the recession appears to have accelerated
26、the pace at which shoppers are abandoning bricks and mortar (传统实体商场) in favor of online retailerse-milers. So this year Black Friday (so named because it is supposed to put shops into profit for the year) also marks the start of many conventional retailers“ attempts to regain the initiative. E-comme
27、rce holds particular appeal in straitened times as it enables people to compare prices across retailers quickly and easily. Buyers can sometimes avoid local sales taxes online, and shipping is often free. No wonder, then, that online shopping continues to grow even as the offline sort shrinks. The s
28、hift in spending to the Internet is good news for companies like P however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and pu
29、tting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher st
30、andards of living. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one primary cause of the po or U.S. economic performance. Japan w
31、as, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterpartsa result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job. What is t
32、he real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don“t force it. After all, that“s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago,
33、 they didn“t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. As education improved, humanity“s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancest
34、ors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape the
35、ir poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn“t constrain the ability of the developing world“s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on
36、 improving productivity explain why education isn“t developing more quickly there than it is.（分数：20.00）(1).The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries _.（分数：4.00）A.is subject to groundless doubtsB.has fallen victim to biasC.is conventionally downgradedD.has bee
37、n overestimated(2).It is stated that construction of a new education system _.（分数：4.00）A.challenges economists and politiciansB.takes efforts of generationsC.demands priority from the governmentD.requires sufficient labor force(3).A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _.
38、（分数：4.00）A.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedB.the Japanese workforce is more productiveC.the U.S workforce has a better educationD.the U.S workforce is more organized(4).The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _.（分数：4.00）A.when people had enough timeB
39、.prior to better ways of finding foodC.when people no longer went hungryD.as a result of pressure on government(5).According to the last paragraph, development of education _.（分数：4.00）A.results directly from competitive environmentsB.does not depend on economic performanceC.follows improved producti
40、vityD.cannot afford political changes大学英语四级分类模拟题 350 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)An industrial society, especially one as centralised and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services, for instance, electricity supply, water, r
41、ail and road transport, the harbours. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.
42、It is this interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries“ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour forc
43、e is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain“s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy,
44、 democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve. There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of industrial
45、changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being
46、pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions fight for their members“ disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of other unions“ members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of prin
47、ters to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs. Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade uni
48、on officials have to be reelected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards“ in many unions, “shop stewards“ are workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.（分数：20.00）(1).The
49、trade union power is important in Britain because _.（分数：4.00）A.the economy is very interdependent B.unions have been established a long timeC.there are more unions in Britain than elsewhereD.there are few essential services解析：解析 细节题。由文章第一段第一句 An industrial society, especially one as centralised and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services.以及第二段首句可知，英国的工会力量巨大是由于经济对某些基本服务的依赖，故答案为 A。(2).Why is it difficult to improve the procedures for fixing wage levels?（分数：4.00）A.Some industries ha
