1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 343 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his bodythe brain. In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the center of mental activity. Aristotle, the philosopher of ancient Greec
2、e, thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was not until the 18th century that man realized that the whole of the brain was involved in the workings of the mind. During the 19th century scientists found that when certain parts of the brain were damaged, men lost the ability to do certain th
3、ings. And so, people thought that each part of the brain controlled a different activity. But modern research has found that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does. In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on th
4、e brain. Chemists and biologists have found that the way the brain works is far more complicated than they had thought. In fact many people believe that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how the human brain works. The more scientists find out, the more questions they are unabl
5、e to answer. For instance, chemists have found that over 100,000 chemical reactions take place in the brain every second. Mathematicians who have tried to use computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer whic
6、h weighed over 10,000 kilos. Some recent research also suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. We may not be able to recall this information, but it is all stored in our brains. Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it to.
7、 For example, how do we learn language? Some children learn to speak, read and write when they are very young compared to average children. But scientists are not sure why this happens. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact p
8、revents children from learning sooner.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author want to convey in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The author describes the latest findings made in this field.B.The history and future of brain researches.C.The complexity of our brain.D.What we can get from researching the brain.(2).Wh
9、at does the author mention in the history of the brain study?（分数：2.00）A.Ancient people thought the brain was much more important than the heart.B.Scientists in 19th century believe that all parts of the brain work together to control one activity.C.Aristotle thought that our heart is the controlling
10、 center of the activity.D.People gradually noticed the importance of the brain over time.(3).The sentence “that man realized that the whole of the brain was involved in the workings of the mind“ implicates all the statements below EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.the brain, instead of the heart, is in charge of
11、our thinkingB.the whole brain takes part in our mind activityC.the brain is all we need when our mind is workingD.every part of the brain is used when we are thinking(4).What is NOT true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Mathematicians built a computer to copy the way the brain works.B.We are far f
12、rom knowing the truth of the brain.C.Before we can fully use the brain, we should discover how it works.D.We cannot recall everything that is stored in the brain.(5).Which of the following best describes the author“s tone in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Arbitrary.C.Critical.D.Objective.Globa
13、l warming may or not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn“t, we won“t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commi
14、tments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth“, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don“t know enough to believe global warming, andwithout major technological breakthroughswe can“
15、t do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the world“s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO 2 ) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that“s too low, b
16、ecause societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world“s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else“s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restric
17、tions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they“re “doing something.“ Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn“t. But it has
18、n“t reduced CO 2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn“t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development p
19、rogram might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it“s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don“t solve the engineering problem, we“re helpless.（分数：10.
20、00）(1).What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B.It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.C.Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D.Very little will be done to bring it under control.(2).According to the au
21、thor“s understanding, what is AL Gore“s view on global warming?（分数：2.00）A.It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B.It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C.It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D.It is area we actually have little knowledge about
22、.(3).Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _.（分数：2.00）A.economic growthB.wasteful use of energyC.the widening gap between the rich and poorD.the rapid advances of science and technology(4).The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol , _.（分数：2.00）A.politi
23、cians have started to do something to better the situationB.few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC.reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD.international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems(5).What is the message the
24、author intends to convey?（分数：2.00）A.Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B.The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.C.The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D.People have to give up certain material comforts to stop globa
25、l warming.By “some people“ I mean me. Why is it that an evening stroll leaves me feeling eaten alive while my companions are left blissfully un-bitten? Studies suggest that about 20 percent of people are “high attractor types“ who are especially appealing to the female mosquitoes seeking out blood f
26、or the extra protein they need to lay eggs. Of course, not all mosquitoes are the same. But let“s consider some of the more general properties that affect your mosquito appeal. Clothing Color It“s true, mosquitoes have discerning fashion taste. Or at least, they“re more likely to spot you as a targe
27、t if you stand out from your environment. Dark colors, especially, will attract more of the insect. Body Heat Visual clues allow the mosquito to locate you from relatively far away, but as she approaches, it“s your body heat that draws her in. This puts pregnant women, who average about 1.26 degrees
28、 Fahrenheit warmer than others, at a particular riska fact which has been substantiated by a number of studies. Carbon Dioxide This is another reason pregnant women are at a disadvantage. Mosquitoes can detect carbon dioxide using a special organ called a maxillary palp from as far as 164 feet away.
29、 Unfortunately for mothers-to-be, pregnancy causes women to emit 21 percent more CO 2 . This is also why kids are often safe from bites, when bigger, more CO 2 -emitting adults are around. Alcohol Intake On the flip side, pregnant women are (presumably) avoiding another mosquito attractor: alcohol.
30、Although it“s unclear how mosquitoes go about detecting the presence of ethanol, studies show that drinking even just 12 ounces of beer will significantly increase the attention you receive from the pests. The Properties of Your Skin and Sweat Up to 85 percent of your susceptibility to mosquito bite
31、s has nothing to do with what you“re drinking, wearing or how much heat your body emitsit“s just genetic. Specifically, the composition of your skin bacteriathe kind that naturally and healthily exists therecan serve as an attractor. Blood Type Another factor you can“t control? Your blood type. And
32、it stands to reason that, if the mosquito is there to suck your blood, she cares what kind she“s getting. People with blood type O are more prone to mosquito bites than those with type B, with type A folks bringing up the rear.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, which factor below serves as the m
33、ost influencing one in mosquito appealing?（分数：2.00）A.Alcohol drinking.B.Clothing colorC.The properties of the skin and sweat.D.The body heat.(2).What is false about the “clothing color“ and “body heat“ factors?（分数：2.00）A.The heat surrounding you helps to attract the mosquito far away.B.The mosquito
34、easily detects people who wear different colors from others.C.Mosquitos like warm places.D.The pregnant women get bitten much easier because they are warmer.(3).What is NOT the reason why the pregnant women have a high risk of mosquito appeal?（分数：2.00）A.They emit more CO2than normal people.B.The air
35、 surrounding them are much warmer than others.C.They drink alcohol.D.They emit more heat than people around.(4).what is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Properties That Affect Your Mosquito AppealB.Why Pregnant Women Attract Mosquitos Easily?C.Your Gene Make You More Attractive to Mosquito
36、sD.Why Are Some People More Prone to Mosquito Bites?(5).Which statement is NOT true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.People with blood type A are more attractive than those with type O.B.Take baths more often lower the risks of mosquito biting.C.Kids get less bites because they emit less CO2.D.The
37、 author is among the “high attractor types“.The Earth has been stripped of up to 90% of its species five times before in the past 450 million years. Now it“s about to happen againand this time there“s no rogue asteroid (小行星) to blame. One of the first great roles of terrestrial biology is that no sp
38、ecies is forever. The Earth has gone through five major extinction events before. The result of all of the extinctions was the same: death, a lot of it. As increasingly accepted theories have arguedand as the Science papers show we are now in the midst of the sixth great extinction, the unsettlingly
39、-named Anthropocene (人类纪), or the age of the humans. As the authors of all this loss, we are doing ore“ nasty work in a lot of ways. Overexploitationwhich is to say killing animals for food, clothing or the sheer perverse pleasure of itplays a big role. So we get elephants slaughtered for their tusk
40、s, rhinos poached (偷猎) for their horns and tigers shot and skinned for their pelts, until oopsno more elephants, rhinos or tigers. Habitat destruction is another big driver, particularly in rainforests. And you don“t even have to chop or burn an ecosystem completely away to threaten its species; som
41、etimes all it takes is cutting a few roads across it or building a few farms or homes in the wrong spots. Then too there is global warming, which makes once-hospitable habitats too hot or dry or stormy for species adapted to different conditions. Finally, as TIME“s Bryan Walsh wrote in last week“s c
42、over story, there are invasive speciespests like the giant African snail, the lionfishwhich hitch a ride into a new ecosystem on ships or packing material, or are brought in as pets, and then reproduce wildly, crowding out native species. It oughtn“t to take appealing to our self-interest to get us
43、to quit making such a mess of what we“re increasingly coming to learn is an exceedingly destructible world. But it“s that very self-interest that led us to make that mess in the first place. We can either start to change our ways, or we can keep going the way we areat least until the Anthropocene ex
44、tinction claims one final species: our own.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence in the first paragraph doesn“t indicate that _.（分数：2.00）A.the species on earth have decreased 90% nowB.the past 450 million years have witnessed extinction several timesC.every extinction has a 90% species decreaseD.the eart
45、h has experienced five great extinction(2).The sentence “this time there“s no rogue asteroid (小行星) to blame“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.people blamed asteroids because they are too naughtyB.people feel pity about not having an asteroid to blameC.the earth will experienced another extinction because of the a
46、steroidsD.the asteroids once served as the reason of the past extinction(3).What is false about the reasons of great extinction?（分数：2.00）A.Killing the animals for food caused the extinction.B.Some species died out probably just because of a road.C.Animals are sensitive to new environment.D.Many spec
47、ies extinct because of a climate change.(4).According to the Bryan Walsh“s view, which statement is NOT correct?（分数：2.00）A.The local species extinct because the ecosystem is too crowd.B.The number of the invasive species increases easily.C.The invasive species are from other places.D.The invasive sp
48、ecies killed the local animals, which causes the extinction.(5).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.What Causes The Great Extinction?B.The Sixth Great Extinction Is UnderwayAnd We“re to BlameC.The End of the AnthropoceneD.Quit Seeking Self-interestA decade ago, the idea that the plane
49、t was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world
