1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 333及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Using the Mind to Fight DiseasesA. Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hos
2、pitals and research centers, modern methods of therapy seem to focus on the physical disease without considering the patients“ mental state. Patients may feel that they are being treated impersonally, like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychologi
3、cal therapy with patients to use their own minds to fight their diseases. Because the patient is working with the medicine and the doctors against the disease, his or her attitude changes. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in t
4、he fight. Mental therapy B. The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient“s body physically. The body of the patient (in this case, a man) changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but as the physician knows, he also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his
5、 mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient“s physical problems, but the patient“s mind must fight the emotional ones. C. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M.D., have shown that a typical cancer patient (in this case, a woman
6、) has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her self-image is poor and she feels self-pity. As a result, her behavior changes. Because of her constant depression, she acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors preve
7、nt the patient from getting well. Therefore, a doctor“s treatment must help the patient change her attitudes. Simonton“s method emphasizes treatment of the whole patient by treating both the body and the mind. D. The attitude of a cancer patient who is receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment
8、, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton“s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor (肿瘤)in the body. In the mental picture, the patient “sees“ a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient
9、imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton might make another suggestion. This patient, with a different kind of cancer, needs to take capsules and pills several times a day. The doctor asks the patient to imagine the medicine going
10、 from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying. His or her blood carries away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient“s positive attitude fig
11、ht the disease. E. Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease. Suggestion therapy
12、 F. Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. Before making the suggestion, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient (in this case, a man) thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he s
13、eems to be asleep. He is said to be in a trance (催眠状态). Then the physician makes “a suggestion“ to the patient about the medical problem. The patient“s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond t
14、o treatment. Suggestion therapy helpful for both adults and children G. Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult pa
15、tient worries (in this case, a woman) about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic (慢性的) diseases. Asthma (哮喘) is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma i
16、s a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily. H. Physicians
17、 have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the child
18、ren had excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors h
19、ave also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems. Response from the medical world I. Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology because they recognize its value. Nobody knows how suggestion works; however, doctors
20、 have learned that psychology has important applications in medicine.（分数：25.00）(1).Suggestion therapy means physician makes “a suggestion“ to a patient who is in a trance.（分数：2.50）(2).Asthma can cause difficulty in breathing, and patient has to cough to get enough air.（分数：2.50）(3).Many professional
21、medical groups have recognized the value of use of psychology in medicine.（分数：2.50）(4).Psychological method is very useful in treating children.（分数：2.50）(5).Dr. Simonton has helped cancer patients establish positive attitude to fight disease.（分数：2.50）(6).The use of mental therapy does help some pati
22、ent change their attitudes about their diseases.（分数：2.50）(7).Modern methods of therapy always focus on the physical disease and neglect the mental state.（分数：2.50）(8).Some negative attitudes and behaviors should be avoided with doctor“s help for the patient getting well.（分数：2.50）(9).Adult patients“ w
23、orries can sometimes prevent him from getting well.（分数：2.50）(10).If a person is ill, he has both physical and emotional response to the disease.（分数：2.50）The Purchase of Alaska, a Real DealA. Alaska is the largest state of the United States of America by area; it is situated in the northwest extremit
24、y of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait. As of 2007, Alaska remains the least densely populated state, with a population of 683,478. B. The area that beca
25、me Alaska was purchased from the Russian Empire after Western Union discontinued construction of its first electric telegraph line which ran from California, up the coast of North America, across the Bering Strait, continuing to Moscow and into the European telegraph network. Despite $3 million in U
26、.S. investment for the Russian-American telegraph expedition, work ceased upon the completion of the competing transatlantic telegraph cable. The U.S. realized the potential of continuing the line to Moscow and sent Secretary of State William H. Seward to negotiate with the Russian Ambassador to fun
27、d the remaining phases of the telegraph line. Russia did not see the potential in funding, so Alaska was offered in exchange for the value of the Russian-American telegraph. The Russians feared that if they did not sell Russian North America, it would be taken from them by the westward expansion of
28、the United States and Canada. They tried to play one potential purchaser off against the other to start a bidding war, but this was largely unsuccessful. C. The U.S. Senate approved the purchase of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, for $7.2 million at 2 cents per acre, about 5 cents
29、per hectare. When adjusted for inflation, the total sum paid equates to approximately $111 million in today“s dollars. The land went through several administrative changes before becoming an organized territory on May 11, 1912 and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959. The name “Alaska“ was
30、already introduced in the Russian colonial time, when it was only used for the peninsula and is derived from the Aleut alaxsxaq, meaning “the mainland“, or more literally, “the object towards which the action of the sea is directed“. It is also known as Alyeska, the “great land“, an Aleut word deriv
31、ed from the same root. D. The first European contact with Alaska occurred in the year 1741, when Virus Bering led an expedition for the Russian Navy aboard the St. Peter. After his crew returned to Russia bearing the finest fur in the world, small associations of fur traders began to sail from the s
32、hores of Siberia towards the Aleutian Islands. The first permanent European settlement was founded in 1784, and the Russian-American Company carried out an expanded colonization program during the early to mid-1800s. New Archangel on Kodiak Island was Alaska“s first capital, but for a century under
33、both Russia and the U.S. Sitka was the capital. The Russians never fully colonized Alaska, and the colony was never very profitable. William H. Seward, the U.S. Secretary of State, negotiated the Alaskan purchase in 1867 for $7.2 million. Alaska was loosely governed by the military for years, and wa
34、s unofficially a territory of the United States from 1884 on. E. In the 1890s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska. Alaska was granted official territorial status in 1912. At this time the capital was moved to Juneau. F. During Worl
35、d War II, the Aleutian Islands Campaign focused on the three outer Aleutian IslandsAttu, Agattu and Kiskathat were invaded by Japanese troops and occupied between June 1942 and August 1943. Unalaska Harbor became a significant base for the U.S. Army Air Corps and Navy submariners. G. The U.S. Lend-L
36、ease program involved flying American warplanes through Canada to Fairbanks and thence Nome; Russian pilots took possession of these aircraft, ferrying them to fight the German invasion of Russia. The construction of military bases contributed to the population growth of some Alaskan cities. H. Stat
37、ehood was approved in 1958. Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959. In 1964, the massive “Good Friday Earthquake“ killed 131 people and destroyed several villages, many by the resultant tsunamis. It was the second most powerful earthquake in the recorded history of the world, wi
38、th a moment magnitude of 9.2. It was 100 times more powerful than the 1989 San Francisco earthquake. Luckily, the center of the earthquake was in an unpopulated area or thousands more would have been killed. I. The 1968 discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay and the 1977 completion of the Trans-Alaska Pipe
39、line led to an oil boom. In 1989, the Exxon Valdez hit a reef in the Prince William Sound, spilling over 11 million US gallons of crude oil over 1,100 miles (1,600km) of coastline. Today, the battle between philosophies of development and conservation is seen in the contentious debate over oil drill
40、ing in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. J. The 2005 gross state product of Alaska was $39.9 billion, 45th in the nation. Its per-capita GSP for 2006 was $43,748, 7th in the nation. The oil and gas industry dominates the Alaskan economy, with more than 80% of the state“s revenues derived from pet
41、roleum extraction. Alaska“s main export product (excluding oil and natural gas) is seafood, primarily salmon, cod and crab. Agriculture represents only a fraction of the Alaskan economy. K. Agricultural production is primarily for consumption within the state and includes dairy products, vegetables,
42、 and livestock. Manufacturing is limited, with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere. Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction, shipping, and transportation. Military bases are a significant component of the economy in both Fairbank
43、s and Anchorage. Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy, allowing the state to keep taxes low. Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, gold, precious metals, zinc and other mining, seafood processing, timber and wood products. There is also a growing servi
44、ce and tourism sector. Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging.（分数：25.00）(1).When adjusted for inflation, the total price of Alaska paid by the U.S. is about $111 million today.（分数：2.50）(2).By supporting local lodging, tourists have made a contribution to Alaska“s econom
45、y.（分数：2.50）(3).Oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge has caused a contentious debate between philosophies of development and conservation.（分数：2.50）(4).Russia was offered to America for the value of the Russian-American telegraph.（分数：2.50）(5).The capital of Alaska was moved to Juneau in
46、 1912.（分数：2.50）(6).Alaska has the smallest population of 683,478 in U.S（分数：2.50）(7).During June 1942 and August 1943, Attu, Agattu and Kiska were occupied by Japanese.（分数：2.50）(8).The Russians tried to play as a purchaser to get a higher price, but in vain.（分数：2.50）(9).Petroleum extraction has playe
47、d the main role in the Alaskan economy.（分数：2.50）(10).Because of construction of military bases, population of some Alaskan cities grows larger.（分数：2.50）Promote Learning Skills for Young People and AdultsA. This goal places the emphasis on the learning needs of young people and adults in the context
48、of lifelong learning. It calls for fair access to learning programs that are appropriate, and mentions life skills particularly. B. Education is about giving people the opportunity to develop their potential, their personality and their strengths. This does not merely mean acquiring new knowledge, b
49、ut also developing abilities to make the most of life. These are called life skillsincluding the inner capacities and the practical skills we need. C. Many of the inner capacitiesoften known as psycho-social skillscannot be taught as subjects. They are not the same as academic or technical learning. They must rather be modeled and promoted as part of learning, and in particular by teachers. These skills have to do with the way we behavetowards other people, towards ourselves, towards the challenges and problems of life. They include skills in communicating, in making decisions and solvin
