1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 332 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Animals on the MoveA. It looked like a scene from “Jaws“ but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. B. Suddenly sensi
2、tive nerve ending in the shark“s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed, in a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its power
3、ful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over. Moving to Survive C. In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals. D. Like th
4、e shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking. E. Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions t
5、o move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomo
6、tion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S.A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J.H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swi
7、mming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks“ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle. Skin Is the Key F. The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal“s high efficiency in swimming through the
8、 water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored
9、in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed. G. The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body“s back and forth motion,
10、fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark“s body snaps back the other way. H. As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal“s body, the tail whips strongly back a
11、nd forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet. Source of Energy I. What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark“s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn“t stop with the skin.
12、Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark“s collagen “radials“. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers. J. When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers
13、is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place. K. The pressure in
14、side the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. L. This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable. Dolphin Has Speed Record M. Another fast marine animal is the do
15、lphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal“s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin“s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistan
16、ce to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction an
17、d slows the fish down. N. In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. O. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin“s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulen
18、t water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds. Other Animals Less Efficient P. Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug (鼻涕虫), which looks like a snail without a s
19、hell, lays down a slimy (黏滑的) trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus (黏液) and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy. Q. Scientists say that because of the slug“s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle mu
20、st be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?（分数：25.00）(1).Most animals like sharks, use locomotion to escape enemies and find a mate.（分数：2.50）(2).
21、When the shark swims slowly, the fibers are relaxed and pressure of them is low.（分数：2.50）(3).Slugs“ inefficient use of energy confines them to small areas.（分数：2.50）(4).During the body“s back and forth motion, much potential energy will be stored in the fibers.（分数：2.50）(5).The high efficiency in swim
22、ming of sharks largely dues to its skin.（分数：2.50）(6).Different kinds of inventions make human move around in nearly any kind of environment.（分数：2.50）(7).The tail whips, because the energy on each side of the body is different.（分数：2.50）(8).Ten times increase of pressure stretches fibers, and much ene
23、rgy will be stored in the process.（分数：2.50）(9).A dolphin“s skin has very little resistance to flowing water.（分数：2.50）(10).Other animals would be slowed by turbulent water, while dolphin can race through at a high speed.（分数：2.50）A Few Aspects of American LifeTravel A. It“s summer time. For many Ameri
24、cans, this is the season to travel. Why? Because school is over and the weather is great. And most of all, they believe they deserve a break. When Americans take a break, they often head for their favorite vacation spot. B. Throughout their history, Americans have been people on the move. The early
25、immigrants had to travel to get to the New World. Once they arrived, they settled along the East Coast. But they weren“t content to stay here. Explorers and traders journeyed to the unknown western territories. Later, settlers moved west to develop new areas. As a result of this west movement, Ameri
26、cans eventually occupied the whole continentfrom the Atlantic to the Pacific. Even today, Americans seem unable to stay put. Research says that average American moves every five years. C. Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commuting to work daily. Their jobs may even req
27、uire them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide an annual vacation for their employees, and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friend or relatives in distant states. Some go on low-budget weekend trips and stay in economy motels. Those with more expensive
28、tastes choose luxurious hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals to adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles to camp out in comfort, while others “rough it“ by sleeping in tents. Families often plan their trips with the kids in mind. More and more “family friendly“ hotels off
29、er special programs for children. Pet D. Americans love pets. Many pet owners treat their pets as a part of the family. You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their childrensometimes even better. E. In America, there are more households with pets than those with children. At least
30、43 percent of US homes have pets of some sort. Usual creatures, such as monkeys, snakes and even wolves, find a home with some Americans. More common pets include fish, mice and birds. But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs, even at the White House. Americans sometimes have strong feelings abo
31、ut whether dogs or cats make better pets. “Dog people“ and “cat people“ often enjoy friendly competition. F. Many grocery stores in America sell pet foods. Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation. Fancy hotels are beginning to accommodate both man and animal. Animal guests at Four Seasons H
32、otels can enjoy delicious meals served on fine china and sleep in soft beds. G. The average American enjoys having pets around, and for good reason. Researchers have discovered that interacting with animals lowers a person“s blood pressure. Dogs can offer protection from robbers and unwelcome visito
33、rs. Cats can help rid the home of unwanted mice. Little creatures of all shapes and sizes can provide friendship and love. In many cases, having a pet prepares a young couple for the responsibilities of parenthood. Pets even encourage social relationships: they give their owners an appearance of fri
34、endliness, and they provide a good subject of conversation. H. Pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie. To Americans, pets are not just property, but a part of the family. Marriage I. “I do.“ To Americans, these two words carry great meaning. They can even change your life, es
35、pecially if you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding promises is like signing a contract. Now Americans don“t really think marriage is a business deal. But marriage is a serious business. J. It all begins with engagement. Traditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permi
36、ssion to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by asking her to marry him in a romantic way. K. Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big a
37、pproaches, bridal showers and bachelor“s parties provide many gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life. L. At last it“s time for the wedding. Although most weddings follow long-held traditions, there“s still room for i
38、ndividualism. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a church. But some people get married outdoors. A few even have the ceremony while skydiving or riding on horseback! The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own style of colors, decorations
39、 and music during the ceremony. But some things rarely change. The bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue“. The groom (新郎) wears a formal suit. Relatives and close friends participate in
40、the ceremony. M. As the ceremony begins, the groom stands with the minister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their promises. Traditionally, they promise to love each other “for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in s
41、ickness and in health“. But sometimes the couple composes their own promises. They give each other a gold ring as a symbol of their marriage promise. Finally the minister announces the big moment: “I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!“（分数：25.00）(1).A young man first asks the gi
42、rl“s father for permission of their marriage before he proposes to her.（分数：2.50）(2).At the wedding ceremony, sometimes the couple composes their own promises.（分数：2.50）(3).During engagement, counseling prepares many couples for the challenges of married life.（分数：2.50）(4).Research finds out that Ameri
43、can moves every five years.（分数：2.50）(5).Researchers say interacting with animals can lower a person“s blood pressure.（分数：2.50）(6).Some people choose to get married outdoors, instead of in a church.（分数：2.50）(7).Sometimes Americans treat their pets better than their children.（分数：2.50）(8).Pets are not
44、only property, but also a part of the family to American.（分数：2.50）(9).In some hotels, animals can enjoy delicious food and sleep in soft beds.（分数：2.50）(10).Families with pets are larger in quantity than families with children in America.（分数：2.50）Getting Thinfor GoodA. Just about everyone has been on
45、 a diet at one time or another, and millions of us have learned that the weight we lose is all too easily regained. Still few people question the wisdom of dieting. After all, we reason, the worst that can happen is that we“ll regain the weight we“ve lostthen we can simply go on a diet again. B. But
46、 some new research suggests there is a risk: yo-yo dieting may seriously distort the body“s weight-control system. The more diets you go on, the harder it may become to lose weight. Even worse, new evidence indicates that repeated cycles of losing and gaining weight may raise the risk of heart probl
47、ems. C. This last possibility is especially disturbing. As part of a 25-year study that monitored 1,959 men, researchers at the University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston reported in March 1987 that the men showing large up-and-down weight changes had twice the risk of heart disease as t
48、hose with only small changes in weight. One paper from the Framingham (Mass.) Heart Study, which has monitored more than 5,000 people for 40 years, also provides troubling information: people who lost ten percent of their body weight had about 20 percent reduction in risk of heart diseasebut people
49、who gained 10 percent raised the risk by 30 percent. These numbers further suggest that going from 150 to 135 pounds, and back to 150 again, could leave you with a higher heart-disease risk than you started with. D. When you cut calories and lose weight, your body will protect itself by reducing your basal metabolic rate (BMR). This is the measure of the energy used for routine functions such as breathing and cell repairroughly 60 to 75 percent of the energy consumed by the body. During severe dieting, your BMR drops within 24 hours and can decline a full 20 percent within two weeks. Thi
