1、大学英语四级 299及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chines
2、e. 1、认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席的工作。 2、如果你当选了，你将为本校同学做些什么。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Wild Foods of Australia Over 120 years ago, the English botanist (植物学家) J.D. Hooker, writing of Australia edible plants, suggested that many of them were eatable but not worth eating. Neve
3、rtheless, the Australian flora (植物群), together with the fauna 动物群), supported the Aboriginal people before the arrival of Europeans. The Aborigines were not farmers and were wholly dependent for life on the wild products around them. They learned to eat, often after treatment, a wide variety of plan
4、ts. The conquering Europeans displaced the Aborigines, killing many, driving others from their traditional tribal lands, and eventually settling many of the tribal remains on government reserves, where flour and beef replaced nardoo (大柄苹) and wallaby (小袋鼠) as main foods. And so, gradually, the vast
5、store of knowledge, accumulated over thousands of years, fell into disuse. Much was lost. However, a few European men took an intelligent and even respectful interest in the people who were being displaced. Explorers, missionaries, botanists, naturalists and government officials observed, recorded a
6、nd, fortunately in some cases, published. Today, we can draw on these publications to form the main basis of our knowledge of the edible, natural products of Australia. The picture is no doubt mostly incomplete. We can only guess the number of edible plant on which no observation was recorded. Not a
7、ll our information on the subject comes from the aborigines. Times were hard in the early days of European settlement, and traditional foods were often in short supply or impossibly expensive for a pioneer trying to establish a farm in the bush. And so necessity led to experimentation, just as it mu
8、st have done for the Aborigines, and experimentation led to some lucky results. So far as is know, the Aborigines made no use of Leptospermum or Dodonaea as food plants, yet the early settlers found that one could be used as a substitute for tea and the other for hops (啤酒花).These plants are not clos
9、ely related to the species they replaced, so their use was not based on botanical observation. Probably some experiments have less happy endings; L. J. Webb has used the expression eat, die and learn in connection with the Aboriginal experimentation, but it was the successful attempts that became wi
10、dely known. It is possible the edibility of some native plants used by the Aborigines was discovered independently by the European settlers or their descendants. Explorers making long expeditions found it impossible to carry sufficient food for the whole journey and were forced to rely, in part, on
11、food that they could find on the way. Still another source of information comes from the practice in other countries. There are many species from northern Australia which occur also in southeast Asia, where they are used for food. In general, those Aborigines living in the dry inland areas were larg
12、ely dependent for their vegetable foods on seed such as those of grasses, acacias (刺槐, 毛洋槐) and eucalypts (桉树). They ground these seeds between flat stones to make coarse flour. Tribes on the coast, and particularly those in the neighborhood of coastal rainforests, had a more varied vegetable diet w
13、ith a higher proportion of fruits and tubers. Some of the coastal plants, even if they had grown inland, probably would have been unavailable as food since they required prolonged washing or soaking to render them non-poisonous; many of the inland tribes could not obtain water in the quantities nece
14、ssary for such treatment. There was also considerable variation in the edible plants available to Aborigines in different latitudes. In general, the people who lived in the moist tropical areas enjoyed a much greater variety than those in the southern part of Australia. With all the hundreds of plan
15、ts species used for food by the Australian Aborigines, it is perhaps surprising that only one, the Queensland nut, has entered into commercial cultivation as a food plant The reason for this probably does not lie with an intrinsic(本质的) lack of potential in Australian flora, but rather with the lack
16、of exploitation of this potential. In Europeans came, the Aborigines practiced on agriculture and so there was no opportunity for such improvement, either deliberate or unconscious, in the quality of the edible plants. Since 1788, there has, of course, been opportunity for selection of Australian fo
17、od plants which might have led to the production of varieties that were worth cultivating. But Australian plants have probably missed the bus. Food plants from other regions were already so far in advance after a long tradition of cultivation that it seemed hardly worth starting working on Australia
18、n species. Undoubtedly, the native raspberry, for example, could, with suitable selection and breeding programs, be made to yield a high-class fruit; but Australians already enjoy good raspberries (树莓) from other areas of the world and unless some dedicated amateur plant breeder takes up the task, t
19、he Australian raspberries are likely to remain unimproved. And so, today, as the choice of which food plants to cultivate in Australia has been largely decided, and as there is little chance of being lost long periods in the bush, our interest in the subject of Australian food plants tends to relate
20、 to natural history rather than to practical necessity. （分数：71.00）(1).Most of the pre-European Aboriginal knowledge of wild foods has been recovered.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).There were few food plants unknown to pre-European Aborigines.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Europeans learned all of a plant used for f
21、ood by both pre-European Aborigines and European settlers.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Dodonaea is an example of a plants used for food by both pre-European Aborigines and European settlers.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Some Australian food plants are botanically related to plants outside Australia.（分数：7.10）A.YB
22、.NC.NG(6).Pre-European Aboriginal tribes closer to the coast had access to a greater variety of food plants then tribes further inland.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Some species of coastal food plants were also found inland.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).So far as is know, the Aborigines made no use of_ as food pl
23、ants.（分数：7.10）_(9).With all the hundreds of plants species used for food by the Australian Aborigines, only_ has entered into commercial cultivation as a food plant.（分数：7.10）_(10).Today, our interests in the subject of Australian food plants are more concerned with_ rather than_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listenin
24、g Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Look for a more expensive hotel.B.Go to another hotel by bus.C.Try to find a quiet place.D.Take a walk around the city.A.Theyre talking about nice children.B.The man has a house for sale.C.The woman lives in a nice house.D.The man has three children.A.In a hotel.B.At a
25、dinner table.C.In the street.D.At the mans house.A.Relatives.B.Roommates.C.Colleagues.D.Neighbors.A.5:00.B.5:15.C.5:30.D.5:45.A.He wants to have more sleep.B.His wife doesnt sleep well.C.Women need more sleep than men.D.He doesnt need as much sleep as his wife.A.A student.B.A reporter.C.A visitor.D.
26、A lecturer.A.To the school.B.To a friends house.C.To the post office.D.Home. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A sick friend.B.A math class.C.School policy.D.The mans test.A.Because it is against the law.B.Because the man is not a membe
27、r of Terrys family.C.Because the woman cannot find the test.D.Because Terry was too sick to take the test.A.Call his friend.B.Go to the office to get his test.C.Send the woman a letter.D.Take the test later.A.The pleasure of skiing.B.The Montana National Park.C.How to learn to ski.D.How to spend the
28、 Christmas holiday.A.She likes snow very much.B.Skiing helps her keep fit.C.Skiing gives her great pleasure to speed through the snow.D.She enjoys the fresh air and open view when skiing.A.When he was a little child.B.When he was 15 years old.C.Last Christmas holiday.D.Two weeks ago.A.He will at fir
29、st learn skiing in Montana, and then go back home.B.He will at first go back home, and then learn skiing in Montana.C.He will go back home with the woman for Christmas.D.He will learn skiing in Montana for the whole holiday.A.In a fast-food restaurant.B.At a shopping center.C.At a county fair.D.In a
30、 bakery.A.Avoid eating any food.B.Prepare the right type of pie to eat.C.Wash his hands thoroughly.D.Practice eating a pie quickly.A.Sitting on his hands.B.Reaching out his hands to help the eating process.C.Tying his hands behind his back.D.Theres no rule concerning the hands.A.Looking sideways to
31、see how fast your neighbors eat.B.Eating from the outside toward the middle.C.Swallowing the pie with water.D.Holding the pie in the right position.A.Because it was too heavy.B.Because it did not bend easily.C.Because it did not shoot far.D.Because its string was short.A.It went out of use 300 years
32、 ago.B.It was invented after the short bow.C.It was discovered before fire and the wheel.D.Its still in use today.A.They are accurate and easy to pull.B.Their shooting range is 40 yards.C.They are usually used indoors.D.They took 100 years to develop.A.The economic importance of sailing ships.B.The
33、development of the steamship.C.Employment in the fishing and whaling industries.D.Nineteenth-century sea captains.A.Most crew members had experience on foreign ships.B.As part owners of the ships, captains got some of the profits.C.They were protected by a strong United States Navy.D.They were suppo
34、rted by a well-developed railroad system.A.They were the first successful steam-powered ships.B.They were more reliable than other ships of the 1860s.C.They carried passengers, but not cargo.D.They were large but surprisingly fast.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoy
35、able, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find (36) 1from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your (37) 2. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive cover is (38) 3, althoug
36、h this method of selection ought not to be (39) 4, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become (40) 5in some book or other, and usually it is much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must (41) 6off to keep some forgotten (42) 7without buying a book, of
37、course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main (43) 8 of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. (44) 9. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greetin
38、g: “Can I help you, sir?“ You neednt buy anything you dont want. (45) 10. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading
39、Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifical
40、ly. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that todays children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children aged 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why a
41、re Americas kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation - brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things - and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place. Given that we cant turn the clock back, adults c
42、an still do plenty to help the next generation cope. At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. To help kids build stronger connections
43、 with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. Its not just video games and movies; children se
44、e a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes
45、anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesnt have to ruin your life. （分数：177.50）(1).The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about peoples state of mind are _.（分数：35.50）A.surprisingB.illogicalC.confusingD.questionable(2).What does the author mean when he says, “we cant turn the clock back“ (
46、Line 1, Para. 3 ) ?（分数：35.50）A.Its impossible to slow down the pace of change.B.The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C.Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D.Its impossible to forget the past.(3).According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, chil
47、dren treated as mentally iii 50 years ago_.（分数：35.50）A.were less isolated physicallyB.were probably less self-centeredC.probably suffered less from anxietyD.were considered less individualistic(4).The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is _.（分数：35.50）A.to provide them with a safer environmentB.to lower their expectations for themC.to get them more involved sociallyD.to set a good model for them to follow(5).What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?（分数：35.50）A.Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped
