1、大学英语四级 290及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the President of the University about Improving the Sports Facilities on Campus. You should write no more than 120 words, and b
2、ase your composition on the out line given in Chinese below: 假设你是江林，请你写一封信给校长，建议改善本校体育设施状况，内容应涉及体育设施对大学生的重要性，目前学校体育设 施的状况(football ground sports hall)等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)How Global Warming Works Gases in the Earths atmosphere act like glass in a
3、greenhouse-trapping heat and making life on Earth possible. But there is a delicate balance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas increases atmospheric concentrations of these gases. Over the past century, increases in industry, transportation, and electricity production have increased gas concentratio
4、ns in the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove them leading to human-caused warming of the globe. The Sources Of Global Warming The major source of global warming is carbon dioxide pollution from power plants, auto mobiles, and industry. Another source is global deforestation. Power p
5、lants are responsible for more than a third of U. S. CO2 emissions, yet there are no caps on CO2 emissions from power plants or any other industry. Gas guzzling cars and light trucks are also responsible for a third of U.S. CO2 emissions. Current regulations allow for very inefficient vehicles which
6、 spew tons of CO2. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow. When they are cut and burned that CO2is released back into the atmosphere. Massive deforestation around the globe is releasing large amounts of CO2 and decreasing the forests ability to take CO2from the atmosphere. Solutions T
7、he U. S. , with only four percent of the worlds population, is responsible for 22 percent of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, solutions exist to cut our global warming emissions. Decision makers in the United States should take the following steps. Increasing fuel efficiency standar
8、ds for cars and light trucks would cut millions of tons of CO2 pollution as well as decreasing dependence on foreign oil. Putting a cap on CO2 from power plants would cut millions of tons of CO2 pollution as well as decreasing pollution that causes acid rain, smog, and respiratory illness. Shifting
9、investment from fossil fuels like coal and oil to renewable energy and energy efficiency would allow cleaner, more sustainable sources of energy to take their rightful place as market leaders. Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol would be a modest but important first step to ward international emissio
10、ns reductions. The Evidence Recently, alarming events that are consistent with scientific predictions about the effects of climate change have become more and more commonplace. The global average temperature has increased by about 0.5C and sea level has risen by about 10 inches (25cm) in the past ce
11、ntury. Official confirmation came in 1995, when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an officially appointed international panel of over 2,500 of the worlds leading scientific experts, found that evidence suggests a human influence on the global climate. The following are events which cons
12、istent with scientists predictions of the effects of global warming: The past two decades have witnessed a stream of new heat and precipitation re cords. The 10 hottest years on record have all occurred since 1980, the hottest year ever on record is 1997, and the hottest January through July on reco
13、rd occurred in 1998. Glaciers are melting around the world. Alaskas Columbia Glacier has retreated more than eight miles in the last 16 years while temperatures there have increased. A section of an Antarctic ice shelf as big as the District of Columbia broke off. Severe floods like the devastating
14、Midwestern floods of 1993 and 1997 are becoming more common. Infectious diseases are moving into new areas as seen in the recent outbreaks of Dengue fever in Texas and Malaria in New Jersey. The Opposition The Global Climate Coalition, a powerful coalition of oil, power, and auto companies has follo
15、wed the lead of tobacco companies by denying the harm they cause. They have spent millions of dollars trying to discredit the scientific consensus of the IPCC and slow steps to combat global warming. The public has not fallen for their deception, but the Global Climate Coalition appears to have had
16、some impact on members of Congress. Health Risks Rates of infectious disease will rise, with the spread of mosquitoes and other disease carrying organisms that thrive in warm, wet climates. More frequent and more severe heat waves will pose a threat to public health, with children and the elderly es
17、pecially vulnerable. In the 1990s, outbreaks of malaria have occurred in Michigan, Texas, Florida, Georgia, California, New Jersey and New York. Two major heat waves-in Chicago in 1995 and Dallas in 1998-killed more than 600 people. Environmental Destruction Rising global temperatures and melting of
18、 glaciers will directly impact ocean and coast al habitats. Ecosystems will, be destroyed and species will die off, as sea levels rise, sea sons shift, and glaciers and polar ice caps melt. Polar bears are threatened with starvation as melting sea ice keeps them from their food. Catastrophic Weather
19、 Warmer temperatures will speed evaporation, leading to drought in some places and heavy downpours and flooding in others. Extreme weather events as well as El Ninno events may become more intense and more frequent. In 1999, the U. S. experienced one of the most extreme droughts ever recorded, and M
20、aryland, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware faced their driest growing seasons on record. That same year, the Pacific North west experienced its second wettest year on record. Nevada, California and Iowa all experienced deadly floods. Recent years have seen record hurricanes, including the most d
21、estructive ever. Clean Energy Agenda A rapid transition to energy efficiency and renewable energy sources will combat global warming, protect human health, create new jobs, protect habitat and wildlife, and ensure a secure, affordable energy future. In contrast, our reliance on coal, oil and nuclear
22、 power imperils the worlds climate, fouls the environment, harms human health, and results in the proliferation of nuclear materials. We can meet our energy needs without threatening our childrens future using commonsense ways to mobilize American ingenuity and re sources for a rapid transition to r
23、enewable energy sources. It will eliminate energy waste, phase out fossil fuels and nuclear power, and help the United States lead the world into a sustainable energy future, Clean Power In the next decade, increase fourfold the amount of energy obtained from non-hydro renewable sources such as the
24、sun and wind. By 2020, produce at least one-third of the nations energy from renewable sources, and double the efficiency of energy use in homes, buildings, transportation and industry. Clean Air Clean up our power plants by setting progressively tighter limits on all power plant pollution-including
25、 carbon dioxide, the major cause of global warming. Close the loophole that allows old coal-fired power plants to pollute much more than newer plants. Clean Cars Hold sport utility vehicles, pickup trucks and minivans to the same air pollution standards as cars. Improve the fuel efficiency of new ca
26、rs and light trucks to a combined average of 45 miles per gallon (MPG) by 2010 and at least 65 MPG by 2020. Offer incentives that build strong markets for renewable fuels and for clean vehicles powered by hybrid motors and fuel cells. Clean Investments Quadruple federal investments in renewable ener
27、gy and energy efficiency within five years, and continue this momentum over the long term Stop spending taxpayer dollars to subsidize the coal, oil and nuclear industries. Provide adequate resources and job training for affected workers and communities to ensure a just transition to a sustainable en
28、ergy economy. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives an overview of the effects of global warming on the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Slightly less than a third of CO2 emissions in the United States are caused by deforestation. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The United States is the worlds No. 1 emitter o
29、f greenhouse gases. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).If American cars were slightly more efficient, the United States would not be dependent on foreign oil. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Global Climate Coalition have similar aims. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Global wa
30、rming endangers animals by damaging or destroying their habitats. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Changing to a sustainable energy economy means that some workers in conventional energy industries will lose their jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8). 1 are the largest source of greenhouse pollutants in the United St
31、ates. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Higher temperatures in the United States have encouraged disease-carrying organisms which spread 1 such as malaria. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Rainfall patterns in the United States have been unusual in recent years, with some states experiencing drought whilst others experience
32、1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He prefers to stay at home.B.He enjoys listening to music at a bar.C.He would rather see a movie with his friends.D.He prefers restaurant to music bar.A.She sells tickets.B.She is going to a foreign country.C.She has a drivers license.D.She
33、has been accepted at a college.A.He must read a lot of books.B.He doesnt like history.C.He cant get the books he needs.D.He has lost his watch.A.The man shouldnt expect her to go along.B.She doesnt think she has enough money.C.Shell go even though the movie is bad.D.The man should count the number o
34、f people going.A.Everything is slow in bad weather.B.Neither way is very fast.C.She has to take a train and bus to work.D.He should try both of them and compare.A.The man should learn to slow down.B.The man is always tired lately.C.They arent going very fast.D.They arent going to be on time.A.Its a
35、very long one.B.It should take place as planned.C.The arrangements are uncertain so far.D.It was canceled on Friday.A.She prefers the stadium.B.She agrees with the man.C.The light isnt bright enough.D.The dining room isnt large enough.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He went to an Alps village in Europe
36、 for vacation.B.He likes mountain climbing.C.He is afraid of height.D.He gets frightened easily.A.It never will.B.It will, but only after a very long time.C.It will before the man is dead and gone.D.Not given.A.A glacier is smoother.B.A glacier has a larger surface area.C.A glacier never melts.D.Bot
37、h A and B.A.Luck and success.B.Gatess secret to success.C.Gatess college education.D.Gates and Microsoft.A.Good luck.B.His hard work.C.His friend Paul.D.Good timing.A.It always puts the needs of customers first.B.It always keeps pace with the latest development.C.It should put his attitudes and appr
38、oaches to work.D.Luck, hard work and his friendship with Paul are essential to Microsoft.A.He ascribes success to his college education.B.He feels very sorry for not finishing college.C.He has no objection to his college education.D.He thinks it good to drop out of college in time.A.They are in a go
39、od temper.B.They like music.C.They want to say something.D.They sing for enjoyment.A.They make some signs.B.They stay away from other birds.C.They keep silent.D.They hide themselves.A.It spreads out its tail.B.It dances.C.It uses shells and flowers to build a garden.D.It flies high in the sky.A.Vaca
40、tions.B.Wages.C.Overcrowded classrooms.D.Paid sick leaves.A.They want the teachers to resign.B.They want the teachers to return to work.C.They are very sympathetic toward the strike.D.They are refusing to comment on the situation.A.Parent Board.B.District Court.C.Teachers Union.D.School Committee.A.
41、She was found stealing in a bookstore.B.She caught someone in the act of stealing.C.She admitted having stolen something.D.She said she was wrongly accused of stealing.A.A book.B.$ 3,000.C.A handbag.D.A Christmas card.A.She was questioned by the police.B.She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.C
42、.She was insulted by the shopper around her.D.She was body-searched by the store manger.A.They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B.They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing.C.They still suspected that she was a thief.D.They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages.六、
43、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We often hear the (36) 1, “ Everybody talks about weather, but nobody does anything a-bout it.“ This is really not (37) 2today. Something is, indeed, being (38 ) 3. Today, meteorology is used to make peoples lives (39) 4and better. Meteorologists are constantly studying the
44、weather. Some meteorologists (40) 5the weather, others analyze weather information, and still others make (41) 6about the weather (42) 7. The United States National Weather Service (43) 8a network of weather stations through the U. S. The Weather Service has more than 400 stations where information
45、about weather is collected and recorded. (44) 9. The Weather Service issued 24-hour weather . It also issues 5-day , 10-day and even 30-day . (45) 10 . In the year 1959, the United States launched its first weather satellite. This satellite was specially designed to collect, record, and send back we
46、ather information to earth. (46) 11. They continue to provide valuable weather information to meteorologist in all parts of the world. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)It will come as no surprise that the ea
47、rth is going to be a much more crowded place in the next century. From a global population of about 5.4 billion today, the United Nations Fund for Population Activities says well see a rise to 8.2 billion people in 2025. The U. N. expects the total population to stabilize (稳定) at Il. 6 billion somet
48、ime later in the 2000 s. More than ninety percent of the population growth will occur in developing countries. Eighteen of the world s twenty largest cities will be in these lands as the number of urban-dwellers (城市居民) swells from roughly two billion to 5.1 billion. The Unites States and Europe, which in 1950 accounted for twenty-two percent of the world s population, will be home to less than nine percent of its people in 2025. By contrast, Africa s share of the total will climb from nine percent
