1、大学英语四级 289及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic Is Job-hopping Preferable? according to the following outline ( given in English ). Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write y
2、our composition on the Answer Sheet 1 clearly and neatly. 1. Some people tend to stick to one job in their lives. 2. Other people prefer changing jobs constantly. 3. My opinion. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Whats Happening While Sleeping? Sleep is very important to humans. The av
3、erage person spends 220,000 hours of a lifetime sleeping. Until about thirty years ago, no one knew much about sleep. Then doctors and scientists began doing research in sleep laboratories. They have learned a great deal by studying people as they sleep, but there is still much they dont understand.
4、 Scientists study the body characteristics that change during sleep, such as body temperature, brain waves, blood pressure, breathing, and heartbeat. They also study rapid eye movement (REM). These scientists have learned that there is a kind of sleep with REM and another kind with no rapid eye move
5、ment (NREM). NREM is divided into three stages. In stage one, when you start to go to sleep, you have a pleasant floating feeling. A sudden noise can wake you up. In stage two, you sleep more deeply, and a noise will probably not wake you. In stage three, which you reach in less than thirty minutes,
6、 the brain waves are less active and stretched out. Then, within another half hour, you reach REM sleep. This stage might last an hour and a half and is the time when you dream. For the rest of the night, REM and NREM alternate. Body movement during sleep occurs just before the REM stage. The averag
7、e person moves about thirty times during sleep each night. Sleep is a biological need, but your brain never really sleeps. It is never actually blank. The things that were on your mind during the day are still there at night. They appear as dreams, which people have been discussing for centuries. At
8、 times people believed that dreams had magical powers or that they could tell the future. Sometimes dreams are terrifying, but they are usually a collection of scattered, confused thoughts. If you dream about something that is worrying you, you may wake up exhausted, sweating, and with a rapid heart
9、beat. Dreams have positive effects on our lives. During a dream, the brain may concentrate on a problem and look for different solutions. Also, people who dream during a good night s sleep are more likely to remember newly learned skills. In other words, you learn better if you dream. Researchers sa
10、y that normal people may have four or five REM periods of dreaming a night. The first one may begin only a half hour after falling asleep. Each period of dreaming is a little longer, the last one lasting up to an hour. Dreams also become more intense as the night continues. Nightmares usually occur
11、toward dawn. People dream in color, but many dont remember the colors. Certain people can control some of their dreams. They make sure they have a happy ending. Some people get relief from bad dreams by writing them down and then changing the negative stories or thoughts into positive ones on the wr
12、itten paper. Then they study the paper before they go to sleep again. Many people talk in their sleep, but it is usually just confusing half sentences. They might feel embarrassed when someone tells them they were talking in their sleep, but they probably didnt tell any secrets. Sleepwalking is most
13、 common among children. They usually grow out of it by the time they become adolescents. Children don t remember that they were walking in their sleep, and they don t usually wake up if the parent leads them back to bed. Some people have the habit of grinding their teeth while they sleep. They wake
14、up with a sore jaw or a headache, and they can also damage their teeth. Researchers don t know why people talk, walk, or grind their teeth while they are asleep. There are lots of jokes about snoring, but it isn t really funny. People snore because they have trouble breathing while asleep. Some snor
15、ers have a condition called sleep apnea (呼吸暂停). They stop breathing up to thirty or forty times an hour because the throat muscles relax too much and block the airway. Then they breathe in some air and start snoring. This is a dangerous condition because, if the brain is without oxygen for 4 minutes
16、, there will be permanent brain damage. Sleep apnea can also cause irregular heartbeat, a general lack of energy, and high blood pressure. Most people need 7.5 to 8.5 hours of sleep a night, but this varies with individuals. Babies sleep eighteen hours, and old people need less sleep than younger pe
17、ople. If someone continually sleeps longer than normal for no apparent reason, there must be something physically or psychologically wrong. You cannot save hours of sleep the way you save money in the bank. If you have only 5 hours of sleep for three nights, you don t need to sleep an extra 9 hours
18、on the weekend. And it doesn t do any good to sleep extra hours ahead of time when you know you will have to stay up late. What should you do if you have trouble sleeping? Lots of people take sleeping pills, but these are dangerous because they are habit-forming. If you take them for several weeks,
19、it is hard to stop taking them. Doctors say the best thing is to try to relax and to avoid bad habits. If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this sets a good and healthy rhythm in your life. Caffeine keeps people awake, so don t drink caffeine drinks in the evening. Smoking and
20、alcohol can also keep you awake. You may have trouble sleeping if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed. Eat earlier in the evening. You may also have trouble steeping if you have a problem or something else on your mind. This is when you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles
21、 in your feet and then relax them. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. Then remember some pleasant experience you had and relive it. If you are thinking about a problem or about something exciting that is
22、going to happen the next day, get up and write about it. That will help take it off your mind. You can also get up and read or watch television. Be sure to choose a book or show that is not too exciting, or you may get so interested that you won t want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. （分数：7
23、1.00）(1).This passage is mainly about the dreams and sleeping problems that we may have during sleep. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The third stage of NREM is the time when you dream. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).One s brain becomes blank when he or she doesnt have a dream. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Emotional peopl
24、e tend to have more dreams. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Parents are not supposed to lead their sleepwalking children back to bed because that will wake them up. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Relaxed throat muscles block the airway of a sleeping person and leads to his/her snoring. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).When on
25、e knows that he or she has to stay up late in the evening, he or she should sleep extra hours ahead of it. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Some people can make sure these dreams have _ by controlling some of their dreams. （分数：7.10）_(9).A lack of oxygen for the brain for 4 minutes will cause _. （分数：7.10）_(10)
26、.According to doctors, the best solution to sleeping problems is to try to _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.5:00.B.5:15.C.5:30.D.5:45.A.$1.40.B.$4.30.C.$6.40.D.$8.60.A.Forget about the concert.B.Spend some time practicing.C.Find a new place to live.D.Go to another concert.A.New Y
27、ork.B.Denver.C.Phoenix.D.Chicago.A.Mr. Longs briefing was unnecessarily long.B.The woman should have been more attentive.C.Mr. Longs briefing was not relevant to the mission.D.The woman neednt have attended the briefing.A.He needs to find a new job.B.He cant get to his keys.C.His car needs to be rep
28、aired.D.He doesnt know where his keys are.A.At home.B.At the riverside.C.At the health center.D.At his office.A.Look for a more expensive hotel.B.Go to another hotel by bus.C.Try to find a quiet place.D.Take a walk around the city.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Because she feels unwell.B.Because she f
29、eels worried.C.Because she feels stressed.D.Because she feels angry.A.Because she was interested in it.B.Because she felt it was useful.C.Because she was advised to.D.Because she was forced to.A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.A.He agrees to help her by giving her extra teaching.B.He agrees to help her by
30、phoning Dr Brown.C.He agrees to help her by giving her a reference.D.He agrees to help her by giving her some reference books.A.Always try to make it across.B.Always try to brake and stop.C.Always try to accelerate.D.Always try to turn left.A.Be ready to speed up.B.Be ready to slow down.C.Be ready t
31、o move to a slower lane.D.Be ready to move to a faster lane.A.Otherwise you will drive too fast.B.Otherwise people will dislike you.C.Otherwise you will drive too slow.D.Otherwise driving will be dangerous.A.Christians all over the world.B.People of the world.C.Only American people.D.Great people in
32、 the world.A.Monday.B.First of May.C.Sunday.D.Saturday.A.In 1918.B.In 1880.C.In the 1980s.D.In the 1890s.A.Thanksgiving and Christmas.B.Labor Day and New Years Day.C.Easter and Fourth of July.D.Easter and Christmas.A.An account of a school for blind boys.B.A description of a French village.C.A story
33、 about a clever blind little boy.D.The education of the blind boys.A.By smelling them.B.By touching them.C.By recognizing their voices.D.By remembering the description of them.A.In 1891.B.In 1821.C.In 1819.D.In 1812.A.The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B.The exhaustion of energy resou
34、rces.C.The destruction of oil wells.D.The spread of the black powder from the fires.A.The underground oil resources have not been affected.B.Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C.The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D.The underground water resources have not
35、been polluted.A.To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B.To estimate the losses caused by the rims.C.To remove the oil left in the desert.D.To use the oil left in the oil lakes.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sand covers not just sea-shores, but also ocean beds, deserts and mountains. It is on
36、e of the most common substances on earth. And it is a (36) 1element in man-made materials too (37) 2is largely sand, while glass is made by melting sand and some other elements. What exactly is sand? In fact, according to the most generally (38) 3scheme of measurement, devised by the Massachusetts I
37、nstitute of Technology, grains qualify as sand if their (39) 4is greater than 0.06 of a millimeter and less than 0.6 of a millimeter. Depending on its age and (40) 5, particular sand can consist of tiny pebbles or porous granules. Its grains may have the shape of (41) 6or spirals, their edges jagged
38、 or smooth. They have come from the (42) 7of rocks, or from the skeletons of marine organisms, which accumulate on the (43) 8of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions. Usually, the older the granule, (44) 9. The fine, white beaches of northern Scotland, for instance, are recycled from sandstone
39、 several hundred million years old. (45) 10. Sand is an irreplaceable industrial factor, which has many uses; but it has one vital function you might never even notice. Sand cushions our land from the seas impact, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
40、1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)The word “brick“ did not appear in the English Language before the fifteenth century. Bricks may have been known in Britain before then, but they were no common enough to be mentioned by any writer. We know that they were used in ancient Egypt, in Ind
41、ia, and in the Roman Empire; they were used again in parts of Europe; but there is a strange gap in the history of brick making which left Britain, at least, without bricks for building for several hundred years. When they did arrive in Britain, it was in a very strange way. In the fifteenth century
42、 Britains wool trade was still flourishing and shiploads of wool were exported to other countries, among them Germany and Holland. These ships would have had to return empty, unless their captains were able to pick up a return cargo, and no captain likes an empty ship. For another thing, it is a gre
43、at waste of space. Rather than return home with an empty ship the captains would fill up with anything, and at about this time somebody had the idea of filling up with bricks. These were already being used extensively in Holland and Germany, where the brick makers were anxious to sell their surplus
44、stocks. These bricks must have been a godsend to the builders of London and southeast England. There was very little building stone in mat part of the country, and stocks of good building timber (especially from oak-trees) were running low. Bricks were first used for town houses and for humble cotta
45、ges. Before me end of the fifteenth century the most enterprising (有魄力的) builders had set up their own brickworks wherever there was a good supply of the right kind of clay, and soon bricks were almost the commonest building material in the country. （分数：177.50）(1).The word “brick“ appeared in Englis
46、h_.（分数：35.50）A.earlier than it did in EuropeB.long before fifteenth centuryC.around fifteenth centuryD.before the British actually used it as building material(2).Why did the author say that the way that brick arrived in Britain was strange?（分数：35.50）A.Because it arrived very late.B.Because it arriv
47、ed as a ship cargo so that the captains wouldnt have a empty ship returned to Britain.C.Because the British people at that time didnt know bricks.D.Because Britain had sufficient stock of building materials and didnt need bricks at all.(3).Where did the bricks early used in London probably come from?（分数：35.50）A.Europe.B.Ancient Egypt, in India, and in the Roman Empire.C.The brickworks in southeast England.D.It was not mentioned in the passage.(4).How did the British builders like the bricks brought back by the ships?（分数：35.50）A.They didnt know how to use them.B.T
