1、大学英语四级 287及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an Application for Admittance. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: Your role: Li Jin Your application should include: (1) 写明申请学校和所学专业。 (
2、2) 提供申请人的个人资历。 (3) 索取申请学校相关的申请表等。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Tourism Tourism holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most commentators have considered. On the face of it there could not be a more trivial subject for a book. And indeed sinc
3、e social scientists have had considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics, such as work or politics, it might be thought that they would have great difficulties in accounting for more trivial phenomena such as holidaymaking. However, there are interesting parallels with the study of deviance
4、(偏差). This involves the investigation of bizarre and idiosyncratic (异常) social practices which happen to be defined as deviant in some societies but not necessarily in others. The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of “normal“ societies. I
5、t could be said that a similar analysis can be applied to tourism. Tourism is a leisure activity which presupposes its opposite, namely regulated and organized work. It is one manifestation of how work and leisure are organized as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in “modern“ societi
6、es. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and wo
7、rk and are of a short-term and temporary nature and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time. A substantial proportion of the population of modern societies engages in such tourist practices; new socialized forms of provision have developed in order to cope
8、with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation, especially through daydreaming and fantasy, of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different
9、 senses from those customarily encountered. Such anticipation is constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming. Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townsca
10、pe which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are taken to be in some sense out of the ordinary. People linger over these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photograph
11、s, postcards, films and so on which enable the memory to the endlessly reproduced and recaptured. One of the earliest studies on the subject of tourism is Boorstins analysis of the “pseudo-event“ (1964) where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience reality directly but thrive on “pse
12、udo-events.“ Isolated from the host environment and the local people, the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in man-made attractions, stupidly enjoying the pseudo-events and disregarding the real world outside. Over time the images generated by different tourist sights come to
13、constitute a close self-perpetuating system of illusions which provide the tourist with the basis for selecting and evaluating potential places to visit. Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the “environmental bubble“ of the familiar American-style hotel which insulates the tourist from the s
14、trangeness of the host environment. To service the burgeoning tourist industry, an array of professionals has developed who attempt to reproduce ever-new objects for the tourist to look at. These objects or places are located in a complex and changing hierarchy. This depends upon the interplay (相互影响
15、) between, on the one hand, competition between interests involved in the provision of such objects and, on the other hand, changing class, gender, and generational distinctions of taste within the potential population of visitors. It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics
16、of the “modern experience“. Not to “go away“ is like not possessing a car or a nice house, travel is a marker of status in modem societies and is also thought to be necessary for good health. The role of the professional, therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance
17、with their class and overall expectations. （分数：71.00）(1).Tourism is a trivial subject.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).An analysis of deviance can act as a model for the analysis of tourism.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Tourists usually choose to travel overseas.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Tourists focus more on places t
18、hey visit than those at home.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Tour operators try to cheat tourists.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the modern experience.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).To service the burgeoning tourist industry, an array of professionals ha
19、s developed who attempt to reproduce ever-new objects for the tourist to look at.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The role of the 1, therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance with their class and overall expectations.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Tourists tend to visit features of la
20、ndscape and townscape which 1 them off from everyday experience.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be 1 for good health.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.They are twins.B.They are classmates.C.They are friends.D.They are
21、 colleagues.A.The man is planning a trip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man doesnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.A.The size of the room.B.Long working hours.C.The hot weather.D.The fan in the room.A.The man has changed his destination.B.The man is returning
22、 his ticket.C.The man is flying to New York tomorrow morning.D.The man cant manage to go to New York as planned.A.It is difficult to identify.B.It has been misplaced.C.It is missing.D.It has been borrowed by someone.A.Looking for a timetable.B.Buying some furniture.C.Reserving a table.D.Window shopp
23、ingA.Cold and windy.B.Snow will be replaced by strong winds.C.It will get better.D.Rainy and cold.A.It is no longer available.B.It has been reprinted four times.C.The store doesnt have it now, but will have it soon.D.The information in the book is out of date.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Droughts.B.
24、Floods.C.Fossil fuels.D.Global warming.A.Oil.B.Wood.C.Natural gas.D.Coal.A.To stop using fossil fuels.B.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions.C.To move to colder places.D.None of the above.A.She didnt make the presentation.B.She just got out of a history class.C.She made a fool of herself.D.She didnt d
25、o a good job in the presentation.A.She got embarrassed and nervous.B.She had to speak in front of a group of people.C.It helps her to forget about the people.D.Its the best way to make a presentation.A.Children were born with shyness.B.Children never blush when speaking.C.Children are very brave.D.C
26、hildren like to speak in public.A.To show that high school students can be very shy.B.To explain that blushing is a learned behavior.C.To prove that blushing is not easily controlled.D.To say that his shyness is more serious than hers.A.They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while dri
27、ving.B.They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.C.They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.D.They are pleased because it saves them much time.A.They dont have their own cars to drive to work.B.Many of them are romantic by temperature.C.Most of them enjoy the drinks
28、 on the boat.D.They tend to be more friendly to each other.A.Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.B.Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.C.Some suggest improving the design of the deck.D.Some object to using larger luxury boats.A.A person whose parents are clever.B.A per
29、son who often thinks about difficult problems.C.A person who is often helped by his parents and teachers.D.A person who is born with a good brain and putting it into active use.A.To praise and encourage their children more often.B.To be hard on their children.C.To leave their children alone with not
30、hing to do.D.To give their children as much help as possible.A.Parents play an important part in their childrens growth.B.The less you use your mind, the duller you may become.C.Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live.D.What makes a person bright or stupid is still under discu
31、ssion.A.The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B.The exhaustion of energy resources.C.The destruction of oil wells.D.The spread of the black powder from the fires.A.The underground oil resources have not been affected.B.Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C.The o
32、il lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D.The underground water resources have not been polluted.A.To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B.To estimate the losses caused by the rims.C.To remove the oil left in the desert.D.To use the oil left in the oil lakes.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：1
33、0.00)When young people get their first real jobs, they face a lot of new, (36) 1 situations. They may find that everything is different from the way things were at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable and (37) 2 in both professional and social situations. (38) 3, they realiz
34、e that university classes cant be the only preparation for all of the different situations that (39) 4 in the working world. Perhaps the best way to learn how to behave in the working world is to (40) 5 a worker you admire and observe his (41) 6. (42) 7 doing so, you will be able to see what it is t
35、hat you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he can act in a (43) 8. Perhaps even more important, (44) 9. While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his is like yours and how you can (45) 10. (46) 11, you will probably begin to and adopt good wo
36、rking habits. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)When the leaders of the new economy say theyre not in it for the money, thats not just bad for business. Its bad for everyone. Some of the pioneers of the new e
37、conomy are saying very strange things. These moguls of modern-day capitalism solemnly deny that they are engaged in business for the purpose of making money. Whats going on here? Adam Smith, the founding father of capital ism, presumed that people engage in commercial activity for the purpose of eco
38、nomic gain. Have capitalisms most successful practitioners evolved beyond such base intentions? Are we to infer that the worlds largest wealth-creation scheme is being driven largely by non profit motives? Not really. New-economy tycoons still like to make money. They simply want to make clear that
39、they are also driven by higher motives. And this trend in pursuit of higher things is spreading through the business world. A recent editorial in the Red Herring posited business as an expression of the highest human capacities: “Money comes to those who do it for love.“ Such talk has become so comm
40、on that we have to remind ourselves that it is a fairly recent innovation. You probably dont have the time to review the immense socio logical literature on the attitudes of workers in the early and middle part of the 20th century. A single book, Studs Terkels Working, should be enough to make the p
41、oint, or per haps just a brief talk with some old guys about their work philosophy. You wont hear a lot of mush about saving the world or finding nirvana in the workplace. To these people, todays rhetoric about meaning in the workplace must sound absurd. The attempt to find higher purpose and meanin
42、g in work is likely to fail. In the few cases where it does not, it will probably all short of our expectations. Modern technological capitalism, for all its vitality and efficiency, cannot supply on its own a meaning to life. This isnt just a philosophical matter. When we seek meaning in work at th
43、e expense of the institutions society has built specifically to contain meaning - the arts, our families, the church and so on - we risk a great deal. We may not merely disappoint ourselves; we could disrupt the very prosperity the free market has provided us. （分数：177.50）(1).The traditional capitali
44、st view is that people.（分数：35.50）A.engage in commercial activity for the purpose of economic gainB.are driven largely by non-profit motivesC.do the things that they do for loveD.tend to search or meaning in their lives(2).The word “mogul“ (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means.（分数：35.50）A.money made
45、by the new economyB.people who made a fortune in this new eraC.new rules of modern-day capitalismD.Adam Smith and his peers(3).Why does the author suggest that some leaders of the new economy say they are not in business for the purpose of making money?（分数：35.50）A.Because they want to show that they
46、 are driven by higher motives.B.Because they want to lower their expectations.C.Because its bad business.D.Because they have evolved beyond such base intentions.(4).It can be inferred from the text that work.（分数：35.50）A.was at its peak in the middle part of the 20th centuryB.is the heart of American
47、 societyC.has always been a nirvanaD.is not a great place to seek meaning(5).The author suggests that seeking meaning in the workplace may.（分数：35.50）A.disrupt important social institutionsB.damage the free marketC.kill the American economyD.lead to nirvanaThank-you cardsheartfelt expressions of grat
48、itude for gifts, services and general kindness seem to be rare in an age when the Internet continues to reduce human interaction. Although our society has changed greatly over the past century, the etiquette(礼节) of thank-you notes has not. While most people would agree that thank-you notes under these circumstances are a necessity, there are still those who forever postpone or are forgetful for unknown reasons. And at no time of the year are thank-you notes more visible than June, the month of brides and gra
