1、大学英语四级 285及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a message for one of your parents on the occasion of his/her birthday using no more than 120 words. Base your writing on the following outline: 1. 向父亲或母亲祝贺节日； 2. 从一件难忘的事情记
2、述父亲或或母亲的无私奉献； 3. 如何回报父亲或母亲。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)In the United States, the items on a typical dinner plate have traveled between 1,500 and 2,500 miles to get there. That distance has increased by as much as 25 percent over the last 20 years an increase that comes with a s
3、eries of consequences for food, farmers, consumers, local economies and even the global climate. Starting last fall on Tufts Medford/ Somerville campus, students had the chance to lower the overall mileage(里程)of their lunches when the dining hall offered apples grown in nearby Topsfield, Mass. Part
4、of the Harvest Food Festival, the “make-your-own-caramel (饴糖) -apple“ display featured (特出展示) six different locally grown apple varieties. The popular Tufts Dining Services program was part of ongoing efforts to increase the amount of local produce (农产品) available on Tufts campuses. Friedman School
5、Ph.D. student Melissa Bailey is one of those devoted to the cause. Combining her interests in sustainable agriculture and public policy, Bailey took it upon herself to breathe new life into the Tufts Food Awareness Project, a group launched by Tufts graduate students in the 1990s to raise awareness
6、about the environmental, social and health issues connected to food production. “It was a great start, and there had been a lot of student backing and interest,“ Bailey says. “But when the students graduate, the idea sort of graduates with them if its not institutionalized as part of the community.“
7、 So Bailey joined forces with Julie Lampie, nutrition marketing specialist for Dining Services, in whom she found an enthusiastic ally, and secured a grant from the Tufts Institute for the Environment to pay graduate students Bryanna Millis and Georgia Kayser to work on the project. Together, the te
8、am works to raise awareness, solve problems and forge partnerships among the primary players: Tufts chefs, major food distributors and local farmers. Bailey and Lampie who work on the project mainly as a labor of love also seek to raise awareness among the student body to the point where student dem
9、and drives the addition of local produce to Tufts menus. On caramel apple night, their outreach (达到的范围) took the form of informational posters about the Connemara House Apple Farm and Guinee family who plant and tend the apple trees. They also described the personal and global benefits of eating loc
10、ally grown produce. “Of course the students loved making caramel apples, but it also gave them an education,“ Bailey says. “Its not up to me to make an ethical appeal to them, but they need to have the information to be able to make an informed choice.“ From farm to fork What are the benefits of buy
11、ing local? Obviously, produce making the trip from Topsfield to Medford requires less sossil (化石) fuel to get it from farm to dining hall than apples grown in Washington State. Using less gasoline means reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Shorter trips also require
12、less energy-consuming refrigeration and waste-producing packaging. Some experts estimate that globe-travelling produce can require up to four times as much energy as an equivalent amount of local food and account for four times the greenhouse gas emissions (释放) . Then theres the amount of energy, wa
13、ter, pesticides and fertilizers that go into raising produce. “If you grow things that are suited to your climate locally,“ Bailey explains, “you might not need as many of these inputs on the front end to grow things.“ Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001, homeland security experts have
14、even noted that food is more vulnerable to sabotage (破坏) the longer the distance from farm to fork. Recent decades have witnessed the rise of centralized, corporate agriculture; just 10 multinational companies produce more than half of the products available in the average supermarket. That puts the
15、 nations food supply at greater risk for contamination (污染) whether intentional or unintentional, as with mad cow disease or E.coli outbreaks. Similarly, if the nations transportation systems were ever disabled, many cities and towns would run out of food within a day or two. But as the interest in
16、consuming locally grown produce blossoms, the number of farmers markets in the United States has doubled in the last decade. That means a safer and more constant food supply for people lucky enough to live near these 3,100 markets. The Worldwatch Institute estimates consumers are spending some $1 bi
17、llion annually at local fanners markets, pouring that money into their regional economies. A large institution like Tufts buying locally grown produce is a boom to the Massachusetts economy. “The local farms will increasingly benefit, given the volume that we use,“ Bailey says. “The Guinees love far
18、ming apples, and they just saw this as a great community partnership.“ But even those of us who dont always think quite so globally still have reason to choose locally grown foods. Many varieties of fruits and veggies have actually been bred for features that will help them survive the trip, not nec
19、essarily enhance their flavor. Double-blind taste tests show people simply find local foods fresher, tastier and more appealing. Bailey says that Tufts dining staff have been enthusiastic partners, too, rising to the creative challenge of creating menus based solely on whats locally available. “The
20、chefs Julie Lampie works with were great,“ she says. “They came up with new recipes (食谱) using local butternut squash to make soups.“ Winter of our discontent With all the attractive reasons to serve local foods in Tufts dining halls, there is one, long, cold problem. “The limitation is the winter,
21、basically,“ Lampie laments. “There is so little available for the majority of the school year, which is really frustrating. The California schools have a huge advantage.“ In New England, the growing season is short. From June through September, Massachusetts farmers produce everything from apples to
22、 watermelons. But after September, only Octobers apples, cranberries, cabbages, potatoes and squashes remain for chefs to work with until early veggies like asparagus come up in the spring. “The next step would be twofold: One, to find out what the earliest produce would be and when we could get the
23、m, and, two, give the chefs time to prepare,“ Bailey says. “Its up to them to integrate the information into their menus, but we need to provide it first.“ Another issue is food preparation. When foods like potatoes or butternut squash come from national vendors, they arrive in cans pre-peeled (预先削皮
24、的) and cubed (切成方块的) . Lettuce often arrives washed, chopped or shredded. Industry insiders call these prepped and ready-to-go bulk foods “value-added.“ But neither the local farms nor Tufts has the labor and facilities to process, say, Maine potatoes this way. “For Tufts, the labor costs of having
25、the staff peel hundreds of potatoes,“ Bailey says, “its just not feasible (可行的) .“ “Thats something were investigating. Maybe it should be a student job to pick up the produce once a week and bring it to the dining facility,“ says Bailey. “There are obstacles, but I think there are lots of opportuni
26、ties to overcome those obstacles when you consider the resources we have at Tufts.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The article is about how people in the United States have to travel about 1,500 to 2,500 miles to get the typical dinner plates.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Bailey has secured a grant to encourage the Tufts c
27、hefs to increase the amount of local produce on Tufts campuses.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Buying local food means the consumption of less energy and less green house gas emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Americas food supply is exposed to great danger.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Consumers spending on the loca
28、l food can help to boost the local economy.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).If you dont care about the connection between food production and global environment, you dont have enough reason to buy locally grown food.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Tufts school will get the staff in the cafeteria to give the added-valu
29、e to the local produce.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Tufts Food Awareness Project was launched to raise awareness about_ connected to food production.（分数：7.10）_(9).Bailey thinks the posters they give can provide students with the necessary information for them to make a sensible food choice, and she doesnt
30、 want to make_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The chefs in the Tufts cafeteria have put forward new recipes based_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.9:30.B.11:30.C.10:00.D.10:30.A.Betty hasnt heard about Bills new job.B.Betty wont be pleased by the news.C.He doesnt think Bill got the job.D.Betty has
31、 also got a promotion.A.Every day.B.Frequently.C.Occasionally.D.Very rarely.A.At the bank.B.In the elevator.C.At the hospital.D.In the classroom.A.Sandy.B.Jack.C.Her husband.D.Her mother.A.He is her husband.B.He is a boss.C.He is a shop assistant.D.He is a doctor.A.Scotland.B.Spain.C.Swiss.D.Switzer
32、land.A.Gloves.B.Slippers.C.Glasses.D.T-shirt.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.To get the best of your lifecontinuing education.B.Continuing education for a better job and better salary.C.To learn what we enjoy in continuing education.D.Continuing education for people with initiative.A.Marie has fulfille
33、d herself in life and work after continuing education.B.Marie has guts to take the continuing education and succeeded.C.By taking continuing education, Marie became the Chief Nurse.D.Continuing education makes Marie make good use of her full potential.A.Education.B.Medicine.C.Handicraft.D.Literature
34、.A.20.B.25.C.35.D.45A.$35.B.$50.C.$100.D.$250.A.To secure a two-bedroom apartment.B.To renew a six-month lease.C.To pay for a dishwasher.D.To cover property damage.A.For a week.B.For two weeks.C.For three weeks.D.For a month.A.Some pessimistic experts.B.Environmentalists.C.Some optimistic experts.D.
35、All of the above.A.It will become smaller.B.It will become safer.C.It will become more economical.D.It will become faster.A.The driver.B.The central computer.C.The car itself.D.The authority.A.Courses in British history.B.Language courses.C.Courses in sports.D.Teacher training courses.A.To attract m
36、ore students.B.To make the courses suitable for students of all levels.C.To let the students have a good rest.D.To make the summer school more like a holiday.A.Because they all work very hard.B.Because their teachers are all native speakers of English.C.Because they learn not only in but also out of
37、 class.D.Because they are all advanced students.A.Humans.B.Poultry.C.Fish.D.Monkeys.A.5.B.10.C.15.D.20.A.Out of the 15 confirmed human cases of bird flu in China last year, there were 8 deaths.B.Out of the 15 confirmed human cases of bird flu in China last year, there were 10 deaths.C.Out of the 34
38、confirmed human cases of bird flu in China last year, there were 15 deaths.D.Out of the 34 confirmed human cases of bird flu in China last year, there were 10 deaths.A.Europe.B.Africa.C.America.D.Asia.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Cats are (36) 1 of habit. They like to go to sleep about the same time e
39、very day and for a certain (37) 2 of time. They seem to have a (38) 3 clock inside them that tells them when to sleep. Cats (39) 4 their regular sleep with (40) 5 catnaps. Some experts feel that human could also (41) 6 from this habit. Catnaps help to build up (42) 7 in the body. They are also a goo
40、d way to overcome (43) 8. Since cats have moods similar to those of humans, some experts believe that (44) 9. (45) 10. The naps would usually last from fifteen to thirty minutes. Winston Churchill took catnaps. So did Presidents Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson. (46) 11. Perhaps
41、more people could learn from cats and take naps to feel better and live longer! （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)While traveling abroad, Mr. Jackson Frank ran short of money. So he wrote to his brother, aski
42、ng for $ 500. “Send the money by telegram, “he wrote, “to the Fisher Bank in P.“ After a week he began calling at the Fisher Bank. He showed his passport. “Nothing has come for you, “he was told. This went on for two weeks and Mr. Frank got very worried. He sent a telegram to his brother, asking whe
43、re the money was. There was no reply, and no money arrived for him. In the fourth week Mr. Frank was .arrested for failing to pay his hotel hill. His passport was taken from him. He tried to explain the problem, but no one believed him. He was sent to prison for six days. When he came out, he went i
44、mmediately to the Fisher bank. The clerk he spoke to was a nevi man. “Have you received $ 500 for me? “he ask, “My name is Jackson Frank.“ The clerk checked his books. “Yes, Jackson, its here. It came by telegram. -let me see-oh, more than two months ago. We wondered where you were. “He showed Mr. F
45、rank the order. The order read: “Pay Mr. Frank Jackson the sum of $ 500.“ “But my name is Jackson Frank, not Frank Jackson.“ “Oh, that s all right, sir. It was in our books under the letter J , but its your money. “The clerk laughed, “A human mistake, sir! We re all human beings, arent we? And so we
46、 all make mistakes. A family name like Frank sounds strange to me.“ Mr. Frank was silent. He really wanted to hit somebody. At last he said, “A human mistakeis that what you call it? I think some humans need kicking.“ （分数：177.50）(1).Jackson didnt just go to his brother and get some money because_.（分
47、数：35.50）A.he was afraid to see his brotherB.he was in prison and was not allowed to go anywhereC.he was traveling in a foreign country and was far from his brotherD.he knew that his brother had no money(2).A week after he had written to his brother, Jackson began_.（分数：35.50）A.telephoning the bankB.visiting the bankC.shouting at the clerks of the bankD.explaining his problem to the clerks of the bank(3).Jackson was arrested and sent to prison because_.（分数：35.50）A.his brother hadnt sent him any money and he couldnt pay his hotel
