1、大学英语四级-304 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Open or distance learning has had a major impact on higher education through the Open University, the only university to provide education 1 for adult learners studying at a distance. Our 100,000 st
2、udents are currently studying at the Open University. We found limited development of distance learning in the case studies, with the 2 of some postgraduate and professional courses. Even here, however, there 3 to be limits on further growth because of the high costs 4 in setting up new distance lea
3、rning courses, as well as the uncertainties of demand (particularly in terms of the perceived financial returns on study). One of the case study universities provided video facilities and visiting 5 to a rural area for a group of undergraduate students about 50 miles away. This was a new development
4、 which was working well and likely to be expanded to involve other universities. The main reason for general 6 of development of distance learning, especially undergraduate level, may be that other universities have been unable to 7 the 8 set-up costs and student support facilities. As costs of tech
5、nology come down this might change. The Open Learning Foundation is developing greater 9 effort between universities to set open learning approaches within existing programs of study and thus encourage their greater use. This is seen as 10 to develop further in the future. A. considerable B. stuff C
6、. lack D. staff E. likely F. afford G. involved H. joint I. marvelous J. bear K. exclusively L. mixed M. exactly N. seemed O. exception（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：35.00)Four Steps to Tackling Your Student LoansA Any payment is a good debt payment, but a strategy can be useful tooeven if your stra
7、tegy means opening the envelope. Open the envelope B This is the hardest thing to do. The bills come with the “Sallie Mae“ or “Discover“ logo on them and you toss them aside. When faced with heavy debt, many people try to avoid seeing the numbers. This doesn“t work, even psychologically. Anyone who
8、has let credit-card bills or mortgage bills pile up, unopened, knows that avoiding the envelope does not reduce your anxiety; it increases it. As those envelopes multiply, they take over your psychological state: it keeps you scared and immobile. So, open the envelope. C Or, even better, log in onli
9、ne. All student loan providers have a website where you can see what you owe, your interest rates, and your payment schedules. SallieM is no-frills, but still allows you to see your loans on one screen, including your interest rates. D The websites all have one thing in common: they let you see how
10、much you owe, and what your interest is, and they make it easy to paybut they don“t let you see how much your debt load is growing. This is a major motivating factor in paying down your loans. Identify your loans. Are your loans held by the federal governmentusually through Sallie Maeor through “pri
11、vate“ lenders like Citibank or Discover? If you don“t know who holds your loans, you can find out here, at the National Student Loan Data System. E Why do you need to know who holds your loans? This will make a difference to your payment options and your interest rates, if you have a federal loan, f
12、or instance, your interest rate is probably very low, around 32%; if you have private loans, the interest rates are likely to be much higher, around 48%. Federal loans also give you options like requesting forbearance (延期还贷) if you“re out of work or if your income is too lowhandy for the times when
13、you“re down on your luck. Start seeing your debt in new ways F The websites of lenders are often limited and only have basic information. To really tackle your student loans, there are several ways to do that. One really useful new free site is Tuition. io, which gathers information for all your loa
14、ns in one place. You can see your debt in colorful charts, play around with repayment plans, and, once you start paying your loans, you can see the numbers start to fall. That can be very motivating. G For the same effect that you can customize yourself, try a Google Docs spreadsheet. There“s a temp
15、late that already exists for paying down loans; it has the unpromising title of “Loan amortization schedule by Vertex42. Corn“, but it has very handy calculators built in so that you can tweak your monthly payments to see how much progress you can make if you increase or decrease your payments in an
16、y given month. If you don“t like that template, just create a Google Docs spreadsheet with the categories you need: date, loan name/number, loan interest rate, starting loan amount (including how much you owe on that date), payment amount you made on that date, ending loan amount after that payment.
17、 After you have enough entries, you can start creating graphs; there are few things more satisfying titan seeing that graph move downward as you pay off your debt. H If you want to see your loans in a larger context of your whole financial picture, LearnVest is a great mobile app for iPhone. It gath
18、ers all your information (income, loans, credit card debt) by linking to your accounts. It serves up useful graphs on your net worth, comparing your assets to what you oweand there“s nothing more motivating than seeing a “minus“ sign next to your financial picture. LearnVest also lets you track your
19、 spending, which may make it easier to see where to cut down on expenses so that you can put more into your loan payments. LearnVest also has a good website full of useful advice. Don“t be afraid to scare yourself. I It can also be tempting to believe that your student debt is so big that nothing yo
20、u do can ever make a dent in it. That“s completely untrue. Only paying your loans will shrink them. It will take years, true. It will take even longer if you don“t pay, or pay the minimum. There“s only one outcome of shirking your loans: ending up with bigger loans. Then you“re in an even bigger bin
21、d. No one is going to save you from student loans. Action counts. Choose a strategy J Any payment is a good payment, but a strategy can be very useful too. So make sure you know the rank of your loans, in order from smallest to largest, and from lowest interest to highest interest. Do whatever is po
22、ssible to reduce the interest; as our columnist Helaine Olen points out, Sallie Mae offers you a 0.25% reduction in your loan interest if you sign up for an automatic debit (借方) planjust make sure the money is always going to be in your account. If you don“t want to do that, follow Helaine“s other p
23、iece of advice: you“re smarter to pay off the loans with the higher interest rate. This will create the biggest impact. K If your income isn“t enough, consider other methods of producing money: side projects, odd jobs, or selling things you don“t need on eBay or Craigslist. For those whose parents c
24、an afford it, working out a joint payment plan can make sense. One graduate we know struck a savvy (精明的) deal with his parents: if he made the minimum student loan payment every month, they would contribute $100 toward his student loan. That“s $100 he doesn“t have to cut from his own budget. As a be
25、nefit, making bigger payments will help you pay down the principal of the loan, since the minimum payments often only end up reducing your interest, which balloons back later. Even $50 more a month can help. Take it in stride L Most Americans owe some form of debt; learning how to handle it is a lif
26、elong process. Most of all, don“t beat yourself up if you“re not perfect at paying down your loans. Some of the savviest financial players struggled for years with their own finances. We all learn in our own time and we find what works for us and what doesn“t. Accept your own progress.（分数：35.00）(1).
27、If you have a federal loan, you are allowed to pay back the loan later when you are fired.（分数：3.50）(2).Learn Vest informs you about your spending so that you can see where to save money to pay off your debt.（分数：3.50）(3).Even for financial experts, financial problems may have taken them years to deal
28、 with.（分数：3.50）(4).You are advised to start with the loans with the higher interest rate.（分数：3.50）(5).Tuition. io can make you learn your student loans better rather than fundamental information.（分数：3.50）(6).With Google Docs spreadsheet, you can create your own personalized debt graphs.（分数：3.50）(7).
29、If you don“t have enough income, you are advised to try other ways of making money.（分数：3.50）(8).Those student loan providers“ websites don“t present the growth of your debt load.（分数：3.50）(9).The result of inaction to your loans is to bring about bigger loans.（分数：3.50）(10).When you toss away envelope
30、s containing your bills, you actually feel more anxious about it.（分数：3.50）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：17.50)The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the partic
31、ular job you want. Therefore, it is important to remember that your objective during the interview may differ from the objective of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well qualified, and should be considered the fight person f
32、or the job. It is encouraging to know that the, interview“s task is not to embarrass you or to trip you up, but to hire the fight person for the job. Remember, job hunting is very competitive. Anything you can do to enhance your interview techniques will be to your advantage. The following suggestio
33、ns may help you land the most important job. Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer won“t know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner. Do not make slighting references to former employers or professors. If y
34、ou have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be frank in your answer. Show the interviewer that you are interested in the company by asking relevant questions. Ask about responsibilities, working conditions, promotion opportunities and fringe benefits (附加福利) of the job you are in
35、terviewing for. If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you may have much to gain. It may be real, or it may be a test to see bow you react to adverse conditions. Some interview
36、ers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary. This politely passes the question back to the interviewer. If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offere
37、d a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.（分数：17.50）(1).If you did not get along with your former employer, you _.（分数：3.50）A.should tell the interviewer franklyB.should not speak ill of himC.should refer to him in a factual mannerD.should never mention it(2).When you find the intervie
38、w is not going well, you should _.（分数：3.50）A.keep up your confidenceB.bring it to an end as soon as possibleC.tell your interviewer how you react to adverse conditionsD.tell yourself you have much to gain and nothing to lose(3).The best time to discuss your salary is _.（分数：3.50）A.when you have been
39、offered the jobB.at the end of the interviewC.after you have completed the paperworkD.when the interviewer brings this matter up(4).What can we infer from the passage?（分数：3.50）A.Interviewers will ask some questions that are designed to trip you up during an interview.B.Interviewees should make sure
40、they share the same objective with the potential employer.C.Interviewees should make themselves stand out as the right person for the job.D.Interviewees should always keep in mind that it determines whether or not you get the particular job you want.(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：3.50）
41、A.How to make your advantages understood during an interview.B.How to show your intense interest in the job you are applying for.C.How to be frank and sincere during an interview.D.How to deal with an interview.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：17.50)Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like
42、 giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind“s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The lesson from dam
43、s is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn“t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt“s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey“s bid for First World status includes the
44、giant Ataturk Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods leftall in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the my
45、th of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for ind
46、ependence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. T
47、he benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.
48、But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don“t need a dam to be saved.（分数：17.50）(1).What does the third sentence of the first paragraph imply?（分数：3.50）A.It implies that people would be happy if the
49、y shut their eyes to reality.B.It implies that the blind could be happier than the sighted.C.It implies that over-excited people tend to neglect vital things.D.It implies that fascination makes people lose their eyesight.(2).What does “the powerless“ probably refer to in the fifth paragraph?（分数：3.50）A.Areas short of electricity.B.Dams without power stations.C.Poor countries around India.D.Common people in the Narmada Dam area.(3).What is the myth concerning giant dams?（分数：3.50）A.They bring in more fertile soil.B.They help defend the country.
