1、大学英语四级-301 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. The fact that ordinary citi
2、zens are now starting to think 1 about the nation“s moral 2 , says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to 3 it. But the challenge is not to be 4 . Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest 5 . “The thoug
3、ht that “I“ m in it for me“ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,“ Ms. Elshtain says. Some of this can be 6 to the disintegration of 7 communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today“s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds h
4、ave been weakened, replaced by a greater 8 on self. In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems 9 of in the 1950s, such as classroom
5、violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers. The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some 10 “golden age“, Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of
6、prejudice. Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can“t be bought.“ A. influence B. seriously C. underestimated D. attributed E. traditional F. strictly G. contribute
7、d H. obstacles I. emphasis J. modern K. unreal L. unheard M. improve N. nonexistent O. climate（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：35.00)How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint PresentationsA Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way is in which academic and business presentations are
8、made. This article outlines a few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations. The Text B Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary wordsa good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down into sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases
9、into key words. Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the rule of Fivefive words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol
10、is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu. C Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24. Use only two font styles per slideone for the title and the
11、 other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact is good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body. D Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation a
12、re present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As; (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select embed characters in use only. E Use colors sparingly, two to thr
13、ee at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background. F Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than h
14、aving just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letter
15、s means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between all caps, lower case, and initial capital styles. G Use bold or italic typeface for emphasi
16、s. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation. Don“t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check“ on your show when finished. The Background H Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work
17、 well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light colors for text. Minimize the use of “bells
18、and whistles“ such as sound effects, “flying words“ and multiple transitions. Don“t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read. The Clips I Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. D
19、o not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific wo
20、rds. J When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a. jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up
21、the relationships. The Presentation K If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. in the Save As type list, click PowerPoint Sho
22、w. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you“re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can alw
23、ays open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu. L Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don“t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (us
24、e “B“ on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation. M You can use the shortcut command Ctrl+P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. T
25、o erase everything you“ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press Esc once. Miscellaneous N Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide“ will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers a
26、t the “master slide“ level. First, go to the View menu. Pull down the Master menu. Select the Slide Master menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.（分数：35.00）(1).The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerP
27、oint.（分数：3.50）(2).A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of each word.（分数：3.50）(3).In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.（分数：3.50）(4).When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.（分数：3.50）(5).Cente
28、ring bulleted lists or text can not help to read.（分数：3.50）(6).Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you“ve drawn.（分数：3.50）(7).When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.（分数：3.50）(8).When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possib
29、le as you can.（分数：3.50）(9).Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.（分数：3.50）(10).In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master“ level.（分数：3.50）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：17.50)One of the chief functions of education is t
30、o equip future citizens with all they require to take their places in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.
31、 A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature (缩影). Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each othe
32、r in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extracurricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls. But perhaps the greatest con
33、tribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don“t grow up believing that women are mysterious creaturesairy goddesses, more like book illustrations to a fairy tale, than human beings. Girls don“t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living togeth
34、er at school dismiss such illusions. The awkward stage of adolescence (青春期) brings into sharp focus on some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully
35、prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.（分数：17.50）(1).According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?（分数：3.50）A.It is for students to acquire knowledge.B.It is to eq
36、uip future citizens with scientific technology.C.It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.D.It is for students to get academic achievements.(2).What does the word “segregated“ (Para. 1) probably mean?（分数：3.50）A.Closed.B.Separated.C.All boys or all girls.D
37、.Isolated.(3).What does co-education offer to children?（分数：3.50）A.A society.B.A true small model of society.C.A real life.D.A true version of social condition.(4).Why don“t boys and girls in co-education have illusions about each other?（分数：3.50）A.They live together and know each other too well.B.Yea
38、rs of living together at school dismiss such illusions.C.Co-education encourages them to have a healthy attitude toward life.D.They are familiar with each other“s problems.(5).What is the best title for the passage?（分数：3.50）A.Only co-education Can Be in Harmony with Society.B.People Are in Great Nee
39、d of Co-education.C.Any Form of Education Other Than Co-education Is Simply Unthinkable.D.Co-education Has Many Features.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：17.50)Romantic love is a culture trait found primarily in industrialized societies. Elsewhere in the world, practical considerations rather than flights of
40、fancy are often used to make a choice of partner, and romantic love is seen as an unfortunate inconvenience that gets in the way of the ordinary, rational process of mate selection. Traces of this attitude persist in the American upper classes, where daughters are expected to marry “well“that is, to
41、 a male who is eligible by reason of family background and earning potential. Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance (轻蔑地) at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part. The phenomenon of romantic lo
42、ve occurs when two young people meet and find one another personally and physically attractive. They become mutually absorbed, start to behave in what appears to be a flighty (充满幻想的), even irrational manner, decide that they are right for one another, and may then enter a marriage whose success is e
43、xpected to be guaranteed by their enduring love. Behavior of this kind is portrayed and warmly endorsed (赞同) throughout American popular culture, by books, magazines, comics, records, popular songs, movies, and TV. Romantic love is a noble ideal, and it can certainly provide a basis for the spouses
44、to live happily ever after. But a marriage can equally well be founded on much more practical considerationsas indeed they have been in most societies throughout most of history. Why is romantic love of such importance in the modem world? The reason seems to be that it has some basic functions in ma
45、intaining the institution of the nuclear family.（分数：17.50）(1).Romantic love is less frequently found in many non-industrial societies because people in these societies _.（分数：3.50）A.firmly believe that only money can make the world go roundB.fail to bring the imaginative power of the mind into full p
46、layC.fondly think that flights of fancy prevent them from making a correct choice of partnerD.have far more practical considerations to determine who will marry whom(2).The word “eligible“ (Para. 1) could best be replaced by _.（分数：3.50）A.qualifiedB.availableC.chosenD.influential(3).According to the
47、passage, most Americans _.（分数：3.50）A.expect their daughters to fall in love with a male at first sightB.regard romantic love as the basis for a successful marriageC.look up to those who marry for the sake of wealthD.consider romantic love to be the most desirable thing in the world(4).What can we le
48、arn from the second paragraph about romantic love?（分数：3.50）A.It is a common occurrence among the old.B.It is primarily depicted by books.C.It is characterized by mutual attraction.D.It is rejected as flighty and irrational.(5).According to the passage, the author believes that _.（分数：3.50）A.romantic
49、love makes people unable to think clearly in the process of mate selectionB.only romantic love can make a marriage happy ever afterC.much more practical considerations can also be the basis for a successful marriageD.romantic love plays an insignificant role in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family大学英语四级-301 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans. And
