1、大学英语四级-300 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Of course there“s always Thorstein Veblen“s explanation: “conspicuous consumption“. It held that the rich don“t accumulate wealth in order to 1 it. Rather they accumulate wealth in order to 2 it, an
2、d their happiness is 3 by their neighbors“ envy. As a result, the country finds itself in the 4 of “luxury fever“. That is, families with 5 incomes of $50,000 try to emulate the consumption of those with $70,000, who in 6 try to emulate those with $140,000, and so on. Simply put, when we see somethi
3、ng we like that someone else has, we want it, too. “It“s just plain common 7 to the average American. It“s 8 impossible for a piece of paper like money to make you happy. Instead, what makes people happy is the feeling of security or power money brings. Anybody with half a brain can figure this 9 ,“
4、 said Catherine Enright, an executive vice president at the Coastal Group, a marketing and advertising company in New York City. “A recent survey indicates that those from the Forbes list of the 400 richest Americans and the Maasai of East Africa are almost equally satisfied. The Maasai are a 10 her
5、ding people who have no electricity or running water and live in huts made of mud.“ A. display B. consume C. fueled D. saying E. annual F. whatever G. somewhat H. turn I. out J. modern K. says L. sense M. traditional N. grips O. physically（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：35.00)The History of Pizza Hut
6、A Pizza Hut was started in 1958, by two brothers in Wichita, Kansas. Frank and Dan Carney had the idea to open a pizza parlor. They borrowed $ 600 from their mother, and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959, the first franchise unit was opened in Topeka, Kansas. Almost a decade later, Pizza Hut
7、would he serving one million customers a week in their 310 locations. In 1970, Pizza Hut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ. B In 1986, Pizza Hut introduced delivery service, something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990“s, Pizza Hut sales had reached $4 billio
8、n worldwide. In 1996, Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $5 million. Out of all the existing pizza chains, Pizza Hut had the largest market share, 46.4%. However, Pizza Hut“s market share has slowly eroded because of intense competition from their rivals Domino“s, Little Caesar“s and new
9、comer Papa John“s. C Home delivery was a driving force for success, especially for Pizza Hut and Domino“s. However, this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as buffalo wings and Itali
10、an cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. D In the
11、past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to r
12、each new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn“t necessarily want pizza. E Another strategy they used in the past and which is still using is the diversification of t
13、heir pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative ways to make a pizza into something slightly differentdifferent enough that customers will think it“s a whole new product. For example, let“s look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut intr
14、oduced their “Pan Pizza“, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in five minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the “BigFoot“, which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced “Stuffed Crust Pizza“, where the crust would be filled w
15、ith cheese. In 1997, they marketed “The Edge“, which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing “The Big NewYorker“, trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country. F Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ordering o
16、nline system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and get it delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. G Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a 1-800 number customer h
17、otline, and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In the plan, Pizza Hut will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect the plan. Next, it will give a brief analysi
18、s of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future. H However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don“t have to deal with. Another resul
19、t of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality of pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. I An indirect weakness that Pizza Hut has is that they have lost a lot of their customers and
20、 market share due to such intense competition with competitors. Pizza Hut“s opportunities are almost endless. They can increase revenue with their new innovative pizzas, and increase brand loyalty with good customer service. J Pizza Hut“s number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, the
21、ir closest competitor is Domino“s Pizza. Domino“s main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their price. It is generally lower than Pizza Hut. Also, Domino“s was very profitable when they ran the promotional deal of delivering a pizza within 30 minutes. However, many lawsuits have been filed agai
22、nst Domino“s in the past for reckless driving by their drivers, so Domino“s withdrew the promotion. Little Caesar“s is another one of Pizza Hut“s competitors, right behind Domino“s in market share. Little Caesar“s is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. Other competitors inc
23、lude Papa John“s, Sbarro, and Pizza Inn. K A problem facing all of the pizza chains is that each of their individual competitive advantages are pretty much everyone“s competitive advantages. Most if not all the top pizza chains offer free delivery, and always have some sort of promotional deal offer
24、ing large pizzas at reduced prices. Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas and make-it-yourself pizzas that are purchased in grocery stores. Some examples of these are Tombstone pizzas, Boboli, and Di“ Gornio pizzas.（分数：35.00）(1).The diversification strategy is to be the firs
25、t mover.（分数：3.50）(2).Major pizza makers have to face the problem that their competitive advantages are the same.（分数：3.50）(3).In Pizza Hut, a “Pan Pizza“ was guaranteed to serve in five minutes.（分数：3.50）(4).Pizza Hut expanded its business into many parts of the country by the time of 1969.（分数：3.50）(5
26、).Buffalo wings and Italian cheese bread are now commonly served at pizza restaurants.（分数：3.50）(6).The reason why Domino“s withdrew their promotion was that they suffered legally from reckless driving by their drivers.（分数：3.50）(7).In order to make sure their customers were happy, Pica Hut introduced
27、 two customer satisfaction programs.（分数：3.50）(8).The higher overhead costs of Pizza Hut obviously accounted for higher prices of their pizzas.（分数：3.50）(9).If you want a pizza from Pizza Hut delivered directly to your house, you have to have Internet access in the first place.（分数：3.50）(10).Pizza Hut
28、has not always dominated the market.（分数：3.50）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：17.50)In the United States during 1992, any family of four with an annual cash income of less than $14, 335 (before taxes) was considered poor. The dollar amount was called the poverty line, an economic mea
29、suring rod devised in 1964. The line was set at three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest nutritionally balanced diet. The poverty line is adjusted annually for inflation. While the poverty line in the United States was more than $14,000, the average annual per-person income in Banglades
30、h was $200, in Ethiopia $130, and in Haiti $340. Anyone in those nations with an income of $14,000 would be considered wealthy. During the Great Depression in the United States, when half the population was considered poor, a family with an income at the 1992 poverty line could afford to buy a house
31、, a car, clothing and food. The reality of poverty varies with location and social and political conditions. Poverty basically means a lack of, or an insufficient amount of, the three primary physical needsfood, clothing and shelter. But for poverty to be recognized, it must exist alongside prosperi
32、ty. Before the discovery of the New World, the American Indians would not have considered themselves poor, though they lived with only the bare necessities and a few handmade artifacts (人工制品). The severity of poverty varies, depending on the economic vitality of the nation in which it occurs. In the
33、 modern industrialized societies of Western Europe, North America and Japan, there are many government services provided to ease povertyincluding free medical care and subsidized housing. The homeless of New York City and Los Angeles can usually find some shelters and a mission offering free meals.（
34、分数：17.50）(1).In what condition would you be considered poor in America?（分数：3.50）A.You are out of a job.B.You earn less than three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest diet.C.You earn less than $14,335 (before taxes) per year.D.The amount of money you earn is below the current poverty line
35、.(2).What is the average annual per-person cash income before taxes in the USA in 1992?（分数：3.50）A.More than $14,000.B.$200.C.$14,335.D.About $3,580.(3).The purpose of the example of the American Indians given in the third paragraph is to show that poverty is _.（分数：3.50）A.absoluteB.non-existentC.rela
36、tiveD.never recognized(4).Which of the following countries provides free medical care and subsidized housing most probably to relieve the poor and the needy?（分数：3.50）A.Bangladesh.B.Haiti.C.Canada.D.India.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：3.50）A.From 1929
37、to 1933, 50% of the American population lived in poverty.B.Where there is prosperity, there is poverty.C.Poverty basically refers to a lack of clothing, housing and food.D.Anyone with an annual income around the 1992 American poverty line would be considered wealthy.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：17.50)Abou
38、t ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way; women are luckier, only about one in 200 is affected in this manner. There are different forms of color blindness. A man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a
39、person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of greena strange world indeed. In certain occupations color blindness can be dangerous and candidates are tested most carefully. For example, when fighting at night, soldiers use ligh
40、ts of flares to signal to each other. A green light may mean “Advance!“ and a red light may mean “Danger! Keep back!“ You can see what will happen if somebody thinks that red is green! Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small thi
41、ngs called “cones“. These help to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colors. There are also millions of “rods“, but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but not color. Wait until it is dark tonight, and then go outside. Look round you and try to
42、see what colors you can recognize. Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all, so they cannot see colors. As far as we know, bats and adult owls cannot see colors at all, only light and dark shapes. Similarly cats and dogs cannot see colors as well as we can
43、. Insects can see ultra-violet rays which are invisible to us, and some of them can even see X-rays. The wings of a moth may seem grey and dull to us, but to insects they may appear beautiful, showing colors which we cannot see. Scientists know that there are other colors around us which insects can
44、 see but which we cannot see. Some insects have favorite colours. Mosquitoes like blue, but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects but a blue lamp will.（分数：17.50）(1).Among people who suffer from color blindness, _.（分数：3.50）A.some may see everything in shades of greenB.few can tell
45、the difference between blue and greenC.few may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of greenD.very few may think that everything in the world is in green(2).What can we see when millions of rods in our eyes are at work in darkness?（分数：3.50）A.Colors only.B.Shapes and colors.C.Shapes only.
46、D.Darkness only.(3).Why cannot bats and adult owls see colors according to the passage?（分数：3.50）A.Because they hunt at night.B.Because they cannot see light.C.Because they have no cones and rods.D.Because they have no cones.(4).Which of the following is true about dogs and cats according to the pass
47、age?（分数：3.50）A.Dogs and cats as well as human beings cannot see some colors.B.Dogs and cats have fewer cones than human beings.C.Dogs and cats have less rods than human beings.D.Dogs and cats can see colors as well as human beings.(5).Which of the following is NOT true about insects?（分数：3.50）A.Insec
48、ts can see more colors than human beings.B.Insects can see ultra-violet rays which are invisible to men.C.All insects have their favorite colors.D.The world is more colorful to insects than to human beings.大学英语四级-300 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数
49、：30.00)Of course there“s always Thorstein Veblen“s explanation: “conspicuous consumption“. It held that the rich don“t accumulate wealth in order to 1 it. Rather they accumulate wealth in order to 2 it, and their happiness is 3 by their neighbors“ envy. As a result, the country finds itself in the 4 of “luxury fever“. That is, families with 5 incomes of $50,000 try to emulate the consumption of those with $70,000, who in 6 try to emulate those with $140,000, and so on. Simply put, when we see something we like that someone else has, we want it, too. “It“s ju
