1、大学英语四级-299 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)When my father died of a heart attack in 1991, Jimmy was a wreck, beneath his careful 1 . He was simply in disbelief. Usually very 2 , he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words could pe
2、netrate the 3 expression he wore on his face. I hired someone to live with him and drive him to work, but no matter how much I tried to make things stay the same, even Jimmy 4 that the world he“d known was gone. One day I asked, “You miss Dad, don“t you?“ His lips quivered and then he asked, “What d
3、o you think, Margaret? He was my best friend.“ Our 5 began to flow. He didn“t 6 to going to work without my father right away, so he came and lived with me in New York City for a while. He went wherever I went and seemed to adjust pretty well. Still, Jimmy longed to live in my parents“ house and wor
4、k at his old job and I pledged to help him return. 7 , I was able to work it out. He has lived there for 11 years now with many different caretakers and blossomed on his own. He has become 8 to the neighborhood. When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needs walking, he is your man. My mot
5、her was right, of course: It was possible to have a home with room for both his limitations and my 9 . In fact, caring for someone who loves as deeply and 10 my efforts as much as Jimmy does have enriched my life more than anything else ever could have. A. consequently B. adjust C. pleasant D. Event
6、ually E. agreeable F. grasped G. disguise H. ambitions I. essential J. vacant K. appreciates L. tears M. abandon N. ceremony O. indispensable（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：35.00)How Private Universities Could Help to Improve Public OnesA There are many rich Germans. In 2003 private assets are estima
7、ted to have been worth trillion, half of which belongs to the richest tenth of the population. But with money comes stinginess, especially when it comes to giving to higher education. America devotes twice as much of its income to universities and colleges as Germany (2.6% of GDP, against 1.2%) main
8、ly because of higher private spending and bigger donations. B Next year“s figures should be less embarrassing. In November Klaus Jacobs, a German-born billionaire living abroad, announced that he would donate million to the International University Bremen (IUB)the biggest such gift ever. It saved th
9、e IUB, Germany“s only fully fledged private and international university (with 30 programmes and 1,000 students from 86 countries) from bankruptcy. It may also soften the country“s still rigid approach to higher education. C German higher education has long been almost entirely a state-run affair, n
10、ot least because universities were meant to produce top civil servants. After 1945 the German state were put in charge, deciding on such details as examination and admission rules. Reforms in the 1970s made things worse by strengthening, in the name of democracy, a layer of bureaucracy in the form o
11、f committees of self-governance. D Tuition fees were scrapped in the name of access for all. But ever-rising student numbers then met ever-shrinking budgets, so the reforms backfired. Today the number of college drop-outs is among the highest in the rich world, making tertiary education an elite act
12、ivity: only 22% of young Germans obtain a degree, compared with 31% in Britain and 39% in America. German universities come low in world rankings, so good students often go abroad. E In the 1980s it was hoped that private universities might make a difference. Witten-Herdecke University, founded in 1
13、980, was the first. Teaching at IUB, which will change its name to Jacobs University soon, began in 2001. Today, there are 69 (non-faith-based) private institutions of higher learning, up from 24 a decade ago. There is growing competition, particularly among business schools. F At the same time the
14、states have been introducing private enterprise into higher education. In 2003 Lower Saxony turned 5 universities into foundations, with more autonomy. Others have won more control over their own budgets. Some states have also started to charge tuition fees. And in October a jury announced the winne
15、rs of the first round of the excellence initiativea national competition among universities for extra cash. G Yet all this has led to only small improvements. Private universities educate only 3% of Germany 2 million odd students, which may be why they find it hard to raise money. It also explains w
16、hy many focus on lucrative subjects, such as the Bucerius Law School in Hamburg. Others have come to depend on public money. Only recently have rich individuals“ foundations made big investments, as at IUB or at the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin. H Public universities, meanwhile, still have
17、not been granted much autonomy. There is less direct control, but far more “administered competition“: a new bureaucracy to check the achievement of certain goals. This might all be avoided through price competition, but tuition fees, now a year on average, are fixed centrally by each state. The exc
18、ellence initiative is a mere drop in the bucket. I That is why Mr. Jacobs“ donation matters. For the first time, Germany will have a private university worth the name and with a solid financial footing (if it keeps up its academic performance, that is: Mr. Jacobs has promised to donate million annua
19、lly over the next five years and another （分数：35.00）(1).Mr. Jacobs“ donation to the IUB is more likely to soften the country“s approach to German higher education.（分数：3.50）(2).German higher education is a mainly state-run affair primarily because universities were intended to train top civil servants
20、.（分数：3.50）(3).By introducing private enterprise into higher education, the states allow universities to run with more autonomy.（分数：3.50）(4).Mr. Jacobs“ donation set a precedent for other rich Germans in higher education investment.（分数：3.50）(5).Mr. Jacobs would like to donate 15 million annually over
21、 the next five years on the condition that things go well.（分数：3.50）(6).Private universities will continue to play a small role in German higher education for quite a long period of time in the future.（分数：3.50）(7).German government spends 1.1% of its GDP on higher education.（分数：3.50）(8).17% less of y
22、oung people obtain a degree in Germany than in America.（分数：3.50）(9).There are 45 more private institutions of higher learning now than a decade ago.（分数：3.50）(10).Currently, there are over 2 million German students studying in universities.（分数：3.50）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：17.
23、50)Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of on
24、e culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began a
25、s a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer
26、 of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. However, two things are to be noted: First,
27、 all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward“ languages, w
28、hile different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. An accidental language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this“ and “that“); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or remove
29、d from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.（分数：17.50）(1).What is recognized by professional linguists
30、according to the author?（分数：3.50）A.Western languages are superior to Eastern languages.B.All languages came from grunts and groans.C.The hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand.D.There is no hierarchy of languages.(2).The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found _.（分数：
31、3.50）A.nowhere todayB.among the Australian aboriginesC.among Eastern culturesD.among people speaking “backward“ languages(3).The language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in _.（分数：3.50）A.Sound patterns.B.Vocabularies.C.Grammatical structures.D.Both A and B.(4).Accor
32、ding to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have _.（分数：3.50）A.an ability to transfer ideasB.their own sound patternsC.the potential for expanding vocabularyD.grammatical structures(5).Which of the following is implied in the passage?（分数：3.50）A.The study of languages has discredited anth
33、ropological studies.B.The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures.C.The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.D.The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：1
34、7.50)Social networking has managed to make its way into nearly every aspect of life. It affects the way we fall in love, the way we work, the way we have fun and the way we communicate. Social networking has also affected friendships. Time and distance no longer play a role when we want to communica
35、te with our friends. All we need is access to our Facebook accounts. Social networking has made it easy for people to maintain connections, even if they have moved to another countries. Factors that previously got in the way of friendships are no longer as omnipotent (全能的) as they used to be. Virtua
36、l communications facilitate the maintenance of relations between people in conditions that previously used to bring an end to relations, regardless of their intensity. Social media have also changed the very essence of the term friend. Someone who is listed in a Facebook friends list is not necessar
37、ily a real life friend. Online communications have managed to affect our perception of the term friendship. It now encompasses broader relations that do not necessarily include intimate sharing and deep knowledge of each other. Social networks allow individuals to connect effortlessly. This ease of
38、communication has turned friendship into something more casual than it is in real life. In the meantime, social media friendships are more artificial than the ones that happen in real life. Much remains hidden when two people get to know each other without meeting by social media communication. It h
39、as made friendships more artificial and somehow shallow. These features are not necessarily negative. Artificiality and the ease of communication make it easier for people to enjoy each other“s friendship. However, they may fail to go through real-life situations that can make a friendship stronger
40、and deeper. Social media friendships increase the chance of deception (欺骗). In real life, if the person is not a good actor, the rule what you see is what you remains valid. The online realm world grants a degree of comfortable anonymity, which increases the chance of deception. Though social media
41、have facilitated communications, they have made people more cautious. In the web, people can be whoever they dream to be. Online friendships can often turn out to be pure manipulations. This is probably the most dangerous aspect of virtual communication.（分数：17.50）(1).Which of the following statement
42、s is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：3.50）A.Time and distance might put an end to close friendship.B.Social network makes it convenient for people to communicate with their friends.C.Social network is not helpful for the relations between people who used to bring an end to relations.D.The arti
43、ficiality of online relationship is not always negative.(2).Social media have also changed the very essence of the term friend in that _.（分数：3.50）A.it has made friendship more casual than it is in real lifeB.it can turn the friendship into romanceC.it increases the chances of cheating when making fr
44、iends onlineD.an online friend is not very different from friends in real life(3).What is the effect of the ease of communication?（分数：3.50）A.It can make people go through real-life situations.B.It can not make a friendship stronger and deeper.C.It can decrease the possibility of deception.D.It can m
45、ake people more trustful.(4).What is the possible meaning of the word “anonymity“ in the last paragraph?（分数：3.50）A.Anger.B.Pleasure.C.Connection.D.Without showing the real identity.(5).Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?（分数：3.50）A.Social network has affected the way we fall in lo
46、ve.B.Social network has affected the way we work.C.Social network has affected the way we have fun.D.Social network has affected the way we make friends.大学英语四级-299 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)When my father died of a heart attack in 1991,
47、 Jimmy was a wreck, beneath his careful 1 . He was simply in disbelief. Usually very 2 , he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words could penetrate the 3 expression he wore on his face. I hired someone to live with him and drive him to work, but no matter how much I tried to make things
48、stay the same, even Jimmy 4 that the world he“d known was gone. One day I asked, “You miss Dad, don“t you?“ His lips quivered and then he asked, “What do you think, Margaret? He was my best friend.“ Our 5 began to flow. He didn“t 6 to going to work without my father right away, so he came and lived
49、with me in New York City for a while. He went wherever I went and seemed to adjust pretty well. Still, Jimmy longed to live in my parents“ house and work at his old job and I pledged to help him return. 7 , I was able to work it out. He has lived there for 11 years now with many different caretakers and blossomed on his own. He has become 8 to the neighborhood. When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needs walking, he is your man. My mother was right, of course: It was possible to have a home with room for both his limitations and my 9 . In
