1、大学英语四级-295 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Most of us finally have the insight that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. Sure, everyone wants to be 1 comfortable, but we also want to feel we have a 2 on the world be
2、yond the 3 of our occupation; we want to be able to 4 service to our fellow men and to our God. If it is a fact that the meaning of life does not dawn until middle age, is it then not the duty of educational institutions to prepare the way for that revelation? Most people, in their youth, 5 the Soci
3、al Security deductions from their pay, yet a seemingly few short years later find themselves standing anxiously by the mailbox. While it is true that all of us need a career, preferably a 6 one, it is equally true that our civilization has collected an 7 amount of knowledge in fields far 8 from our
4、own. And we are better for our understanding of these other contributionsbe they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see
5、beyond our 9 needs. But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated 10 of the ages, we improve our moral sense. In the long run that“s what education really ought to be about. A. confines B. perspective C. financially D. wisdom E. inevitable F. render G. res
6、ent H. educate I. removed J. immediate K. prosperous L. surprisingly M. complain N. specialization O. incredible（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：35.00)Deborah Kenny“s Born to Rise Tells Story of Harlem Village AcademiesA Deborah Kenny, CEO of the Harlem Village Academies, is frustrated with the Nation
7、“s current education system. Unlike most, though, she decided to do something about it. Part declaration part record, her book Born to Rise writes clown her journey toward creating and running her own system of progressive charter schools in Harlem in New York City. What is your educational philosop
8、hy? B We want our students to receive the same high-quality education as students who are privileged to attend the best private schools in the country. Personally, I believe a progressive education is superior as long as it“s delivered by really smart, talented teachers who know how to execute well.
9、 It“s a sophisticated approach that really only works well in the hands of a really sophisticated educator. C We“re dealing with a little bit of a challenge because students enter this school from the regular public system. And when they enter in fifth grade, they“re not yet well-trained in the basi
10、c reading, writing, and mathwhich means that we have to catch them up on basic math skills, on the basics of writing. And many of them come in at a kindergarten, first-grade or second-grade level in reading. So we have to accelerate their mastery of the basics, but we reject the idea that if you do
11、that you can“t teach that at a high level. D We push ourselves constantly to think about how we can make sure that our students will catch up while we teach at the highest possible level. It means asking difficult, delicate questions, not accepting an answer that is not backed up by evidence, the ki
12、nds of things that you would expect to see in the best private schools. We aim for a high level in rich discussions where the students are asked to analyze a challenging text and where the teacher does not accept just any answer simply because the student is behaving. What makes the Harlem Village A
13、cademies different? E First of all, I have to say what we have in common with other charter schools because we have learned so much from them: creating an expectation that all students will attend college, naming classrooms after colleges, the longer school day, the longer school year. I feel it“s i
14、mportant to give credit where credit is due because I learned from them. In those early years when I opened the school, most of these other schools had been around for seven years, ten years, some of them even longer. F As far as what makes us different, I“ll tell you what the teachers say: teachers
15、 tell us that the level of professionalism and passion for teaching at a high level and teaching above the test, not to the test, and working in an environment, where everybody is trusted to do their job and continually learningthere“s this incredible culture of learning. There“s this incredible wor
16、kplace culture where the adults are continually becoming better and learning more about how to become a better leader. G The teachers get to make all of the decisions about their own professional development rather than being enforced to attend the training. They are treated like professional-grade
17、doctors and lawyers at the highest level. They actually make the decisions not only about what books to use and what teaching method to use, but even about what their own professional development looks like. H There“s a very clear set of standards for what the students need to know and be able to do
18、 at the end of each year and quarter, and we hold teachers accountable for that end goal. But we give them complete freedom to decide how they“re going to achieve it, which is how all professionals are treated. Unfortunately, it“s not how most teachers are treated in this country. Most teachers are
19、treated like factory workers, where there“s a set of rules on how they have to do everything. What does the curriculum look like at Harlem Village Academy schools? I It looks like a classic liberal-arts curriculum, where math, reading and writing are not the only subjects taught. Even if the state f
20、ocuses its testing on those things, we do not let the state dictate our curriculum. We are interested in a rich curriculum that includes art, music, science and social studies and a wide variety of electives. And character education is integrated throughout. How do you address the criticisms people
21、have regarding charter schools? J I“d say that the main criticisms are stemming from the fact that in a charter system the teachers are not unionized, and they“re treated as professionals instead of as manual laborers. The charter movement is challenging the current situation, it“s coming along and
22、saying we used to completely change the underlying premiere (前提) of how we go about public education. We should give power to all parents, regardless of socioeconomic level, to choose where they send their child, and that creates market competition: if you have an amazing school with caring teachers
23、 and great results, parents are going to choose that school. The charter movement is putting the needs of children first. It challenges the notion of tenure (终身教职), where there“s no accountability at all. What“s next for you and the Harlem Village Academies? K We are going to triple (增至三倍) in size i
24、n the next two years. We will have a full K-12 system. We“re starting two new elementary schools, we will be serving 2,000 children, but we are not eager to grow super big. We want to use the platform of what we“re learned and the results that we“ve produced. And building a team where teachers are t
25、rusted, happy and cooperative is really the foundation for an excellent school. So we want to find a way to get our message out nationally and continue to be part of the movement.（分数：35.00）(1).In the Harlem Village Academies, teachers are responsible for how they are going to help students achieve t
26、heir objectives.（分数：3.50）(2).The charter movement challenges the tenure system in making children“s needs a priority and holding teachers responsible.（分数：3.50）(3).The Harlem Village Academies will be able to enroll 2,000 children in the next two years.（分数：3.50）(4).Deborah Kenny admits that she learn
27、s a lot from other charter schools.（分数：3.50）(5).The curriculum at Harlem Village Academies not only includes the subjects frequently tested.（分数：3.50）(6).In the Harlem Village Academies, students are required to make a close-reading of difficult texts.（分数：3.50）(7).Students entering the Harlem Village
28、 Academies are from the regular public system.（分数：3.50）(8).Deborah Kenny decides to create and run the Harlem Village Academies because she is disappointed about the current education system.（分数：3.50）(9).Harlem Village Academies offer high-quality education just as the first-class private schools do
29、.（分数：3.50）(10).One of the features of the Harlem Village Academies is that teachers can experience a unique work-place atmosphere in it.（分数：3.50）五、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：17.50)The frightening rise in crimes of violence throughout the country has caused more and more people to
30、 arm themselves. They buy guns to protect their homes and carry with them for personal safety when travelling. Unfortunately, instead of safety, what the new handgun owner too often gets is personal tragedy. As I found out in my reading, a handgun does not protect the American home very well. The ho
31、me handgun is far more likely to kill or injure family members and friends than anyone who breaks in, and is especially harmful to young adults and children. Because 90 percent of break-ins take place when no one is home, the handgun bought for defense is very often stolen. According to some statist
32、ics, each year about 100,000 handguns are stolen from ordinary citizens. These guns then enter the criminal underworld and are used in more crimes. Thus, the citizens who lost guns are helping to arm the criminal class. As a New York City police officer recently pointed out to a homeowner who asked
33、if he should buy a handgun to protect his home, too often it is the homeowner himself who ends up getting shot and killed, because he often warns the robber by saying something like “Stop!“ or “What do you think you are doing?“ Possibly, the thief turns and fires. In street crime, the use of a handg
34、un for defense is very risky, with the defender often losing the gun and having it used against him. The handgun owner seldom even gets the chance to use his or her gun because the moment of surprise is always with the attacker. In fact, trying to use a handgun to keep someone off makes the risk of
35、death quite a bit higher. For the ordinary citizen, using a handgun is seldom helpful for defense on the street. And, in the home, the only way to get real defense from a personal handgun would be to have it always at the ready, perhaps in hand loaded and ready to fire every time there is a knock on
36、 the door. That is not exactly the American way or my idea of a civilized society.（分数：17.50）(1).Why do people want to arm themselves according to the passage?（分数：3.50）A.Because they want to use the guns to protect their personal goods.B.Because killing animals with guns is their favorite sport.C.Bec
37、ause the number of crimes of violence is increasing.D.Because people intend to attack others with guns in crimes.(2).More often than not, what the handgun brings its owner is _.（分数：3.50）A.safetyB.tragedyC.luckD.happiness(3).What is the author“s attitude towards home handguns?（分数：3.50）A.Home handguns
38、 do more good than harm to ordinary people.B.Home handguns do more harm than good to ordinary people.C.Stolen handguns are usually thrown away instead of being used.D.Handguns are no longer needed in a civilized society.(4).What will happen if a citizen uses a handgun to protect himself in street cr
39、ime?（分数：3.50）A.He will probably be safe and sound.B.He will probably kill the attacker.C.He will probably risk his life.D.He will probably surprise the attacker.(5).What is the passage mainly talking about?（分数：3.50）A.How criminals get handguns from ordinary citizens.B.Why the handgun is not essentia
40、l for home defense.C.How the criminals use the handgun against ordinary citizens.D.Why America is not a civilized society.七、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：17.50)Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the sc
41、arcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes. If the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less availa
42、ble for other uses. The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of society“s available
43、resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account. In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depen
44、d on the cost of making it, and that cost ultimately is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in t
45、urn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.（分数：17.50）(1).According to the passage, what are the opportunity costs of an item?（分数：3.50）A.The amount of time and
46、 money spent in producing it.B.The opportunities a person has to buy it.C.The value of what could have been produced instead.D.The value of the resources used in its production.(2).According to the passage, what is the relationship between production and resources?（分数：3.50）A.Available resources stim
47、ulate production.B.Resources are totally independent of production.C.Production increases as resources increase.D.Production lessens the amount of available resources.(3).What determines the price of a good in a market economy?（分数：3.50）A.The cost of all elements in production.B.The cost of making ot
48、her goods.C.The efficiency of the manufacturing process.D.The quantity of materials supplied.(4).Which of the following examples best reflects a cost to society as defined in the passage（分数：3.50）A.A family buying a dog.B.Eating in a restaurant instead of at home.C.Using land for a house instead of a
49、 park.D.Staying at home instead of going to school.(5).What does the passage mainly talk about?（分数：3.50）A.The scarcity of manufactured goods.B.The value of scarce materials.C.The manufacturing of scarce goods.D.The cost of producing shoes.大学英语四级-295 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Most of us finally have the insight that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. Sure, everyone wants to be 1 comfortable, but we also want to feel we have a 2 on the world beyond the 3 of our occupation; we
