1、大学英语四级 97 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Advantages of Part-time Jobs. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1目前很多大学生都在做兼职工作。 2做兼职工作的好处。
2、3结论。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Two Words Is a Minute Description of a Human Need Famous for citing website design mistakes, Jakob Nielsen, the webs original usability guru (指导者) , explains why search has taken over, why adverts arent working, and how to make browsing better. T
3、echnology Guardian: The hype is everywhere about Web 2. 0. How do things like Ajax fit into the guidelines youve been espousing (支持) ? Jakob Nielsen: Its always been good usability to make interfaces reactive, to have as fast response times as possible. Many of these Web 2. 0 things are tricks to pr
4、ovide it in a faster way. In that sense it works well, its just a programming technique for achieving these goals. I used to say that I dont like a lot of functionality inside a web browser, but now you can view the browser more like a programming system or a programming language almost, and therefo
5、re your browser can become a support platform. The question then becomes “is that the best way of doing these applications“ , or is it still best to download them and use them as a full-featured application which sucks in small amounts of data. But its all a continuum (统一体): at one end you have pure
6、 data and information on the web, and on the other the full applications. Most things exist in the middle. Information-only websites have are still useful, and then something like Microsoft Office has rich interaction styles that are still easier to do on the desktop. TG: Are there problems with the
7、 way people approach web businesses? JN: There is a misunderstanding of internet advertising. There is some advertising that is working and funneling money back to the search engines. But because most advertisements work so poorly on the web, the advertisers are yelling more and more loudly and they
8、 are getting more garish(俗气的) and being deceptive. Those are really big problems, and they cause users to feel like the internet is a less welcoming place. Its like being in the bad part of town, with people insulting you. It backfires because it damages credibility; they assign the blame partly to
9、the advertiser and partly to the website. TG: How irritating is it that people still arent getting your message? JN: Its very annoying. There are many new and interesting things to talk about, but its baffling that we have to continue talking about these old findings. But we have to. Business-to-bus
10、iness websites still live in the 90s in terms of interacting with customers online. The sites may look good, but theres no clear-cut information just slogans. TG: Have you seen any significant changes in the way people use the web? JN: General behavior is very search-dominated. You go to your favori
11、te search engine, type in two words and click on the first few results. Users spend one or two minutes and then decide where to do their business. That has been a big change. Search has changed from being something thats somewhat useful to being something that works surprisingly well. People do tend
12、 to only type in two words, and two words is a very minute and impoverished description of a human need. But search engines can most of the timepick four or five sites that you actually want. Because people have experienced that it works, this has become their number one behavior. TG: People either
13、love or hate you. Have your methods helped you? JN: There probably are some people who are beyond reach because they dont want to listen. Its kind of like being an astronomer and youre looking up at the sky and saying that it looks like the earth is revolving around the sun, not the sun revolving ar
14、ound the earth. You can report it and the Pope can like it or not, but it doesnt change whats going on. Its the same here: Im reporting what average people find when they visit a website. If you dont listen your users will suffer and your business will suffer. You have to fight for the people. These
15、 new technologies arent just for the technological elite. Remember that the average user is not there when a company or design team has a meeting about what to do on our website. TG: Theres a perception that you are the guy who comes to the party and tells them to turn the music down. Do you enjoy t
16、hat reaction? JN: I have my own techno-enthusiasm, I like advanced fancy stuff too. If youre only doing something thats targeting a few thousand web designers, then you can make it challenging because those users would find it engaging and fun. But the average user doesnt find it engaging and fun to
17、 struggle against technology. You have to acknowledge the way the real world works. You shouldnt design for designers, or design for your boss. Good design is about problem-solving under constraintsdesign has to have a goal of achieving some purpose. TG: Sites like MySpace are hugely populated by sa
18、vvy younger people still developing a sense of design. Do you feel that sites directed towards young users are failing to teach them best practice? JN: If a teenager is just making a page for their three best friends, then these guidelines arent relevant. You can put a pulsating heart on the page, m
19、ake it play your favorite song these atrocities would be the kiss of death for a mainstream website, but here its a case of personal expression. It is OK for somebodys MySpace pages to contradict everything we know about usability because theyre purely self-expression. We have to get through to them
20、 that the way you communicate among yourselves is different from the way you communicate with other people. This goes back to the school system, which needs to explain the different ways of communicating in different media. If you wrote a job application like your MySpace pages, youd be out of work.
21、 TG: So is there room for talking about these issues in the classroom? JN: There was a study done at the Open University found that in elementary schools, for every 100 spent on books, students grades improved by 1. 5%and for every 100 spent on computers, grades improved by 0. 7%. So books are twice
22、 as good as computers for this, so its not necessarily that I should study history by clicking on some web pages, but that we should teach about these electronic media forms and how to use them. The value of that education would be immense. （分数：71.00）(1).The reactive speed plays a rather important r
23、ole in the usability of web browsers.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Web 2.0 is the best way to function as both a browser and a programming system.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).According to Jakob Nielsen, advertising does work well for both the advertiser and the website.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).According to the int
24、erview, some websites dont serve well as the medium for interacting.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Jakob Nielsen considers there are significant changes in the way people use the web.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).We can infer from the interview that Jakob Nielsen is advising the Pope to believe that the earth is r
25、evolving around the sun.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Jakob Nielsen considers a good design must be recognized by designers and the boss.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Suppose Jakob Nielsen is asked to comment on some MySpace pages designed by younger people, he may consider it as 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Jakob Niels
26、en mentioned that a student should not write a 1 like his MySpace pages.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).We learn from the interview, comparing students grades improved through every 100 spent on books and on computers, the former are 1as good as the latter for this.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，
27、分数：15.00)A.She is not interested in the article.B.She has given the man much trouble.C.She would like to have a copy of the article.D.She doesnt want to take the trouble to read the article.A.He saw the big tower he visited on TV.B.He has visited the TV tower twice.C.He has visited the TV tower once
28、.D.He will visit the TV tower in June.A.The woman has trouble getting along with the professor.B.The woman regrets having taken up much of the professors time.C.The woman knows the professor has been busy.D.The woman knows the professor has run into trouble.A.He doesnt enjoy business trips as much a
29、s he used to.B.He doesnt think he is capable of doing the job.C.He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.D.He wants to spend more time with his family.A.The man thought the essay was easy.B.They both had a hard time writing the essay.C.The woman thought the essay was easy.D.Neither of them
30、 has finished the assignment yet.A.In the park.B.Between two buildings.C.In his apartment.D.Under a huge tree.A.Its awfully dull.B.Its really exciting.C.Its very exhausting.D.Its quite challenging.A.A movie.B.A lecture.C.A play.D.A speech.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.To the Nile River.B.To the Museu
31、m of Natural History.C.To Colorado.D.To Arizona.A.In a boat.B.In a cave.C.In a river.D.In a tree.A.Find some drift wood.B.Take some photographs.C.Solve a mystery.D.See the canyon.A.With a knife.B.On the edge of some metal.C.On some glass.D.On a piece of paper.A.How much the cut hurt.B.How deep the c
32、ut was.C.How easily he was cut.D.How concerned the woman was.A.The amount of skin affected by the cut.B.The cause of the cut.C.The amount of bleeding.D.The number of nerve endings irritated.A.She stopped being a homemaker.B.She became a famous educator.C.She became a public figure.D.She quit driving
33、 altogether.A.A motorists speeding.B.Her running a stop sign.C.Her lack of driving experience.D.A motorists failure to concentrate.A.Nervous and unsure of herself.B.Calm and confident of herself.C.Courageous and forceful.D.Distracted and reluctant.A.More strict training of women drivers.B.Restrictio
34、ns on cell phone use while driving.C.Improved traffic conditions in cities.D.New regulations to ensure childrens safety.A.Its a rich country.B.Its a beautiful country.C.Its a free country.D.Its a welfare country.A.Two-thirds of all Canadian households.B.Three-fourths of all Canadian households.C.Hal
35、f of the Canadian households.D.All of the Canadian households.A.Telephones.B.CD players.C.Video camera recorders.D.Home computers.A.$295,000.B.$59,746.C.$50,171.D.$29,490.A.It limited their supply of food.B.It made their eggshells too fragile.C.It destroyed many of their nests.D.It killed many baby
36、bald eagles.A.They found ways to speed up the reproduction of bald eagles.B.They developed new types of feed for baby bald eagles.C.They explored new ways to hatch baby bald eagles.D.They brought in bald eagles from Canada.A.Pollution of the environment.B.A new generation of pesticides.C.Over-killin
37、g by hunters.D.Destruction of the natural homes of bald eagles.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its never too early to (36) 1your skin-or your childrens-from the sun. The sun produces (37) 2 rays- (38) 3 A (UVA. and (39) 4B (UVB. -that can cause short-and long-term skin damage. The immediate effects of ha
38、rmful (40) 5- (41) 6, photosensitive (42) 7, and cell and (43) 8damage-are bad enough. But medical experts believe that (44) 9.Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 10.Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in
39、 life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the suns rays on the skin. (46) 11. But no sunscreen totally blocks the suns rays. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Evaluating employee performance is a
40、key of management skills. The challenge is to give the employees an accurate picture of chief accomplishments, and of the areas in which they need to prove. Both are important: accomplishments because they give the employee a sense of pride in the work and basis on which to build future achievements
41、, and areas for improvement, because they give the employee some goals to reach for. Often, employees fear that the evaluation will be a negative experience. This fear alone can endanger defensiveness and tension which result in self-fulfilling prophecy. The supervisor must take pains to alleviate (
42、减轻) the employees fear and make the evaluation a participatory event. An employee who contributes ideas to his or her evaluation will be much more likely to agree with the outcome and be willing to follow the recommendations. The employees must always bear in mind that the sole legitimate domain of
43、an employee appraisal system is to improve employees performance. While areas needing improvement must be done reviewed, this should always be done in the spirit of discovering goals that the employee can work toward. This holds true for reviewing success as well. While praise for past achievements
44、may be used as reward, to endanger loyalty, or for other reasons, at the time of evaluation, the primary reason to look at the persons successes is to determine areas in which he or she can continue to excel; perhaps, the most effective way to make the evaluation a participatory event is to ask the
45、employee to come prepared for the meeting. The employer and the employee each should carefully review the job description prior to the evaluation meeting and should make notes on areas in which the employee had difficulty or has made a contribution. At the evaluation meeting, the employer must estab
46、lish a positive and comfortable mood. The employee should be invited to review his or her lists first. Almost always the employees notes will be very similar to what the employer has written. If the employer simply verifies what the employee has said, the employee will be much less anxious about the
47、 procedure, and much more likely to work toward the goals. （分数：177.50）(1).Evaluation is often a negative experience because_.（分数：35.50）A.the employee has to defend himselfB.the employee is tense, and the employer does not alleviate thisC.the employee has done a bad jobD.the employer is going to give
48、 the employee some goals that cannot be reached(2).Evaluation should focus on_.（分数：35.50）A.employees accomplishmentsB.areas that employees need improvementC.employees sense of pride in the workD.employees achievements and areas to be improved(3).One way to alleviate employees anxiety is_.（分数：35.50）A.to set the goals that can be easily attainedB.to ask the employee to contribute ideasC.to praise the e
