1、大学英语四级 94 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled My Best Friend. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 你最好的朋友是个什么样子的人？ 2. 你们如何成为好朋友的？ （分数：30.00）_二、Reading
2、Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Influenza Influenza is caused by a virus transmitted from one person to another in droplets coughed or sneezed into the air. It is characterized by cold like symptoms plus chills, fever, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue. Most people recover completely in about a week.
3、 In addition to humans, influenza occurs in pigs, horses, and several other mammals (哺乳动物) as well as in certain wild and domesticated birds. At least some influenza viruses can jump from one species to another. For example, in late 1997 a strain of the influenza virus in chickens began to infect hu
4、mans in Hong Kong, leading to a massive effect to remove the strain. Many millions of people develop the flu each year. In most years less than 1 percent of those infected die. Nonetheless, this translates into large numbers. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimat
5、es that influenza causes more than 20,000 deaths in the United States each year; combined, influenza and pneumonia (肺炎) are among the nations ten leading causes of death. During epidemics and pandemics, death rates soar. The influenza pandemic that occurred between 1918 and 1919the worse on recordki
6、lled about 500,000 people in the United States and more than 20 million people worldwide. Symptoms and diagnosis Influenza is an acute disease with a rapid onset and obvious symptoms. After the influenza virus invades a persons body, an period of one or two days passes before symptoms appear. Classi
7、c symptoms include sore throat, dry cough, stuffed or runny nose, chills, fever with temperatures as high as 39C , aching muscles and joints, headache, loss of appetite, occasional nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. For most people flu symptoms begin to subside after two to three days and disappear i
8、n seven to ten days. However, coughing and fatigue may persist for two or more weeks. Death from influenza itself is rare. But influenza can worsen underlying medical conditions, such as heart or lung disease. Invading influenza viruses produce inflammation (发炎) in the lining of the respiratory trac
9、t, damage that increases the risk that secondary infections will develop. Common complications include bronchitis, sinusitis, and bacterial pneumonia, occurring most frequently in the elderly, people on chemotherapy (化学疗法), and people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or another disease
10、 that compromises the immune system. If properly treated, these complications seldom are fatal. Because influenza is so common and exhibits standard symptoms, doctors often diagnose the illness based on the season and whether flu cases have recently been reported in the area. To prove a diagnosis of
11、 influenza in a patient, the virus must be isolated from the persons nasal or cough secretions or blood and identified under a microscope. Treatment and prevention There is no specific cure for influenza. Recommended treatment usually consists of bed rest and increased intake of fluids until fever a
12、nd other symptoms lessen in severity. Certain drugs have been found effective in lessening flu symptoms, but medical efforts against the disease focus chiefly on prevention by means of vaccines that create immunity. Vaccines A flu vaccine consists of greatly weakened or killed flu viruses, or fragme
13、nts of dead viruses. Antigens (抗原) in the vaccine stimulate a persons immune system to produce antibodies against the viruses. If the flu viruses invade a vaccinated person at a later time, the immune system recognizes the antigens and quickly responds to help destroy the viruses. About 5 to 10 perc
14、ent of people; who receive a flu vaccine experience mild, temporary side effects, typically soreness at the injection site. Young children who have not previously been exposed to the influenza virus are most likely to have side effects. Flu viruses constantly change so different virus strains must b
15、e incorporated in vaccines from one year to the next. Scientists try to provide a good match between the vaccine and the most serious virus strains circulating at the time. But because it takes months to manufacture and distribute vaccines, decisions on their composition must be made well before the
16、 start of each flu season. Each February experts at the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend the composition of the vaccine for the forthcoming winter in the Northern Hemisphere; a second recommendation is made in September for vaccine to be used in the Southern Hemisphere. Typically vaccines c
17、ontain antigens from three virus strains, usually two type A and one type B. According to the CDC, the success of the flu vaccines varies from one person to another. In healthy young adults, the vaccines are 70 to 90 percent effective in preventing the disease. In the elderly and people with certain
18、 chronic medical conditions, the vaccines are less effective in preventing illness but help reduce the severity of an infection and the risk of major complications or death. Studies show that flu vaccines reduce hospitalization by about 70 percent and death by about 85 percent among elderly people.
19、Historic outbreaks Evidence suggests that all influenza viruses in mammals, including humans, derived from viruses in wild ducks and other birds. Some of these viruses could have been acquired by humans thousands of years ago. But medical historians know of no clearly identifiable influenza epidemic
20、s until large-scale outbreaks occurred in Europe in 1510, 1557, and 1580. The 1580 outbreak also spread into Africa and Asia, making it the first known pandemic (广大地域流行). Pandemics have occurred periodically ever since. Major pandemics took place in 17291730, 17321733, 1781 1782, 18301831, 1833, and
21、 18891890. The last of these, called the Russian flu because it reached Europe from the east, was the first pandemic for which detailed records are available. In the 20th century, major pandemics occurred in 19181919, 19571958, and 19681969. The 19181919 pandemic was the most destructive in recorded
22、 history. It started as World War I (19141918) was ending and caused 20 million deathstwice as many deaths as the war itself. When and where the pandemic began is uncertain, but because Spain experienced the first major outbreak, the disease came to be called the Spanish flu. The virus was exception
23、ally deadly; many of the deaths were among young adults age 20 to 40, a group usually not severely affected by influenza. No additionally pandemics occurred during the 20th century, but public health experts expect that there will be more pandemics in coming years. While scientists do not yet know h
24、ow to accurately predict flu outbreaks, they have established an international network to track and monitor outbreaks so that health officials can take immediate preventive measures to avoid pandemics. The international network, called FluNet, consists of about 110 influenza centers in more than 80
25、countries and several World Health Organization (WHO) centers, all linked electronically. （分数：71.00）(1).The authors primary purpose in this passage is to suggest people receive flu vaccines.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).In the United States influenza is one of the ten principle causes of death.（分数：7.10）A.Y
26、B.NC.NG(3).Being tired is one of the classic flu symptoms.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Generally speaking, the person who catches flu can completely recover for at last 14 days.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).To diagnose influenza, the virus must be identified by using a microscope.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Although
27、there are some drugs effective in relieving flu symptoms today, none can cure flu.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Some of the old people who inject flu vaccines experience serious side effects.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Flu vaccines can reduce death by about 1 percent among old people.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).It is p
28、roved that influenza viruses come from the viruses in 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Scientists have established an international network called 1 to monitor flu in the world.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.In a laboratory.B.In a drugstore.C.In a supermarket.D.In the dining hall.A.St
29、op bothering the woman.B.Take the books to the woman.C.Show the woman where the library is.D.Give her his books.A.The project demands more time.B.The project is only half done.C.She will finish it within four months.D.She has spent less time on the project.A.She didnt like the paintings there.B.She
30、believed the painting course is too abstract.C.She had a good taste for the arts.D.She would like to have one of the paintings on display.A.The weather forecast is usually inaccurate.B.The typhoon is already a real thing.C.The weatherman used to be inaccurate in his forecast.D.The meteorologists are
31、 always correct.A.She is glad to lend her car.B.She refuses to lend her car.C.She will first insure the car before lending it.D.She doesnt know what the man is going to do with her car.A.He only focuses on what he is going to say.B.He is only interested in his own work.C.He has poor hearing.D.He is
32、always lost in thought.A.Two students.B.A student and a parent.C.A teacher and a student.D.A student and a supervisor.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Supply usually outnumbers demand.B.Demand usually outnumbers supply.C.Supply is usually equal to demand.D.When supply exceeds demand, prices rise.A.Manuf
33、acturers advertise their products in newspapers.B.Manufacturers advertise their products through songs.C.Manufacturers advertise their products by sponsoring sporting eventsD.Manufacturers advertise their products through salesgirls.A.The cinema.B.The television.C.The newspaper.D.The radio.A.The imp
34、ortance of advertising.B.Various ways of advertising.C.The successes and failures of advertising.D.The causes, methods and effects of advertising.A.Two.B.Three.C.Five.D.Seventeen.A.A drivers license.B.A permission slip.C.A registration card.D.Nothing.A.Next quarter.B.Friday at nine oclock.C.Friday a
35、fternoon.D.Later the same day.A.That he is majoring in mathematics.B.That he has never taken a chemistry course.C.That he is a freshman.D.That he does not like his advisor.A.They had lost their jobs as a result of the Industrial Revolution.B.They had been suffering from political and religious oppre
36、ssion.C.They wanted to flee from the widespread famine in Northern Europe.D.They wanted to make a fortune there by starting their own business.A.They might lose control of their members because of the increase in immigration.B.Their members might find it difficult to get along with the newcomers.C.T
37、he working condition of their members might deteriorate.D.Their members might lose their jobs to the newcomers.A.To impose restrictions on further immigration.B.To improve the working conditions of immigrants.C.To set a minimum wage level for new immigrants.D.To put requirements on languages for new
38、comers.A.They were looked down upon by European immigrants.B.They had a hard time seeking equal job opportunities.C.They worked very hard to earn a decent living.D.They strongly opposed continued immigration.A.Huge increase in the number of public relations companies.B.Shrinking cultural differences
39、.C.New communications technologies.D.PR efforts in other countries.A.Because British companies are more ambitious than US companies.B.Because British companies place more importance on PR than US companies.C.Because British companies are heavily involved in planning activities.D.Because four of the
40、worlds top PR agencies are British-owned.A.The Wall Street Journal.B.The Financial Times.C.The Economist.D.The Observer.A.To protect persons and property.B.To collect taxes.C.To teach and train citizens.D.To save natural resources for future use.A.By selling services that make life comfortable.B.By
41、selling land containing oil.C.By selling public lands.D.By selling coal and other natural products.A.Environmental pollution and protection.B.Taxes and services for the public.C.Police efforts to protect people.D.Peoples attitude toward taxes.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its never too early to (36) 1
42、your skinor your childrensfrom the sun. The sun produces (37) 2 rays(38) 3 A (UVA) and B (UVB) that can cause short - and longterm skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (39) 4(40) 5, photosensitive (41) 6, and cell and (42) 7 damageare bad enough. But (43) 8 experts believe that (44) 9. Heal
43、th experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 10. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the suns rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor (SP
44、F): (46) 11. But no sunscreen totally blocks the suns rays. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least
45、 to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the comp
46、uters impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case migh
47、t be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different form saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our
48、society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly“. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer“ mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car“, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once ac
