1、大学英语四级 92及答案解析(总分：746.52，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Role of Science and Technology in Mordern Life. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. Human life can not
2、continue without science and technology. 2. The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in peoples life. 3. Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Mobile phones What Are Mobile Ph
3、ones? A mobile phone, also known as a cellphone or cellular phone, is a portable electronic device which behaves as a normal telephone whilst being able to move over a wide area (compare cordless phone which acts as a telephone only within a limited range). Cellphones allow connections to be made to
4、 the telephone network, normally by directly dialing the other partys number on an inbuilt keypad. Most current cellphones use a combination of radio wave transmission and conventional telephone circuit switching, though packet switching is already in use for some parts of the cellphone network, esp
5、ecially for services such as Internet access and WAP. Some of the worlds largest cellphone manufacturers include Alcatel, Audiovox, Kyocera (formerly the handset division of Qualcomm), LG, Motorola, Nokia, Panasonic (Matsushita Electric), Philips, Sagem, Samsung, Sanyo, Siemens, SK Teletech, and Son
6、y Ericsson. There are also specialist communication systems related to, but distinct from cellphones, such as satellite phones and Professional Mobile Radio. Worldwide Deployment Cellphones have a long arid varied history that stretches back to the 1950s, with hand held devices being available since
7、 1983. Due to their low establishment costs and rapid deployment, cellphone networks have since spread rapidly throughout the world, outstrip ping the growth of fixed telephony. In most of Europe, wealthier parts of Asia, Australia, and the US, cellphones are now widely used, with the majority of th
8、e adult, teenage, and even child population owning one. The number of cell phone subscribers in the US has reached over 190 million. The availability of Prepaid or pay as you go services, where the subscriber does not have to commit to a long term contract, has helped fuel this growth. Standardized
9、Technology The cellphone has become ubiquitous because of the interoperability of cellphones across different networks 4nd countries. This is due to the equipment manufacturers all working to the same standard, particularly the GSM standard which was designed for Europe-wide interoperability. All Eu
10、ropean nations and some Asian nations chose it as their sole standard, while in Japan and South Korea another standard, CDMA, was select ed. Cellphone Culture In less than twenty years, mobile phones have gone from being rare and expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to a pervasive low-co
11、st personal item. In many countries, cellphones now outnumber land line telephones, with most adults and many children now owning cellphones. It is not uncommon for young adults to simply own a cell phone instead of a land-line for their residence. In some developing countries, where there is little
12、 existing fixed-line infrastructure, the mobile phone has become widespread. Social Life With high levels of mobile telephone penetration, a mobile culture has evolved, where the phone becomes a key social tool, and people rely on their cellphone addressbook to keep in touch with their friends. Many
13、 people keep in touch using SMS, and a whole culture of “texting“ has developed from this. The commercial market in SMSs is growing. Many phones even offer Instant Messenger services to increase the simplicity and ease of texting on phones. Entertainment The mobile phone itself has also become a tot
14、emic and fashion object, with users deco rating, customizing, and accessorizing their cellphones to reflect their personality. Like wise, customized ringtones have been developed. Etiquette Cellphone etiquette has become an important issue with mobiles ringing at funerals, weddings, movies and plays
15、. Users often speak at increased volume, with little regard for others nearby people. It has become common practice for places like libraries and movie theatres to ban the use of cell phones, sometimes even installing jamming equipment to prevent them. Media Cameraphones and videophones that can cap
16、ture video and take photographs are increasingly being used to cover breaking news. Stories like the London Bombings, the Boxing Day Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina have been reported on by cameraphone users on news sites like NowPublic and photosharing sites like Flickr. Cellphone Features Cellphones
17、 are often packed with features that offer users far more than just the capability to send text messages and make voice calls. These may include internet browsing, music (MP3)playback, personal organizers, email, watch/alarm, built-in cameras, ring tones, security measures (e. g. pin codes), SIM blo
18、cks, games, radio, push to talk, infra red and blue-tooth connectivity, and call registers. Network Features Though cellphones vary significantly from provider to provider, and even nation to nation (most noticeably in North America), all cellphones must generally accomplish tile same tasks regardle
19、ss. Cellphones must be connected to the system of land-line phones. Cellphones must also be able to connect with each other just as easily, even if the two phones are not from the same mobile service provider. Consequently, all cellphone systems are comprised of two components; the handset, and the
20、tower. The handset is the portable, referred to as the mobile phone, cellphone or a smartphone. The tower is a high-yield radio tower that the cellphones direct their radio communications to in order to connect to the network of telecommunications. It could also be a network of satellites. Network W
21、orking Process The Handset Handsets feature a low power transceiver that is typically designed to transmit voice and data, or analog audio only, up to a few kilometers under ideal situations to where the tower is located. The handset listens for an available tower. Once found, the handset in forms t
22、hat tower of its own unique identifier, and alerts the cellphone network that it is ready and standing-by to receive telephone calls. It then periodically repeats this information to the tower, and seeks out new towers over the duration it is powered on. The Tower Towers are large structures that fe
23、ature a series of high power radio transmitters de signed to broadcast their presence and availability, and relay communications to the mobile handsets. The tower features a much higher -powered radio transceiver array that allows it to provide a radio communications dialog with handsets dozens of k
24、ilometers away. The tower is connected to the landline telephone infrastructure by a high-capacity phone line, and may also be connected to a dedicated data line. The tower can then route calls between the mobile handsets its serving, and telephone calls over the landline. Because the tower tracks a
25、nd relays what mobile handsets it is servicing, it can inform the mobile network provider so that at any given time a call to a cellphone can quickly be traced to the :tower that is servicing that handset. The Data Stream Most cellphones dialog between the handset and the tower is comprised of a dat
26、a stream of digitized audio. The technology driving this process can vary, and in nations with no standard or preference (such as the United States), many incompatible technologies exist. Not only do transmission standards potentially differ, but so do the radio frequencies. Some technologies includ
27、e AMPS for analog, and TDMA, CDMA and GSM for digital communications. Though nations like the USA have generally avoided official standardization, most nations of the world have agreed upon the GSM data transmission protocol for cellphones, and a small range of possible frequencies that cellphones m
28、ay operate on. Phones are classified based on the technology they use and the features they have. （分数：71.00）(1).The main difference between cordless phones and cellphones is that cordless phones can only operate in a limited range. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Satellite phones and Professional Mobile Radi
29、os are a kind of cellphone. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Because cellphones are quick to deploy and cheap to establish, they have spread rapidly throughout the world. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Because American cellphone users can choose either the prepaid service or pay as you go, cellphone subscribers have
30、increased in number. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).CDMA and GSM are the two main network services available in Australia. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Texting is uncommon in Asian countries. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Cellphone etiquette has become increasingly more important. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Email, watch/ala
31、rm, built-in cameras, ringtones, and SIM blocks are all 1 of cellphones. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Cellphones must not only be connected to the system of 1 but also must be able to connect with each other just as easily, even if the two phones are not from the same mobile service provider. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:
32、_(10).Although most nations around the world have agreed upon GSM data transmission protocol for cellphones, the US has avoided official 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.They are twins.B.They are classmates.C.They are friends.D.They are colleagues.A.The man is planning a tr
33、ip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man doesnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.A.The size of the room.B.Long working hours.C.The hot weather.D.The fan in the room.A.The man has changed his destination.B.The man is returning his ticket.C.The man is flying to New
34、 York tomorrow morning.D.The man cant manage to go to New York as planned.A.It is difficult to identify.B.It has been misplaced.C.It is missing.D.It has been borrowed by someone.A.Looking for a timetable.B.Buying some furniture.C.Reserving a table.D.Window shopping.A.Cold and windy.B.Snow will be re
35、placed by strong winds.C.It will get better.D.Rainy and cold.A.It is no longer available.B.It has been reprinted four times.C.The store doesnt have it now, but will have it soon.D.The information in the book is out of date.A.Henry doesnt like the color.B.Someone else painted the house.C.There was no
36、 ladder in the house.D.Henry painted the house himself.A.In a cotton field.B.At a railway station.C.On a farm.D.On a train.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The heating is broken.B.The man is fixing the heating.C.The housekeeper is fixing the heating.D.The maid is cleaning the heating.A.Their shouting di
37、sturbs her sleep.B.They show no respect toward her.C.They quarrel with her.D.Their foreign accent is terrible.A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.A.At a restaurant.B.At a shopping mall.C.In a library.D.At a hotel.A.In central London.B.Near a police station.C.By the tube station.D.On a side street.A.Green.B.Red.C.White.
38、D.Black.A.It was stolen.B.It was given a ticket.C.She couldnt find it.D.She found it towed away by the police.A.She went to a police station nearby.B.She talked to a policeman on patrol.C.She took a taxi as a policeman advised her to do.D.She telephoned the police for help.A.The crust.B.The ground.C
39、.The plane.D.The boundary.A.Two.B.Seventy.C.Seven.D.Twelve.A.The east coast of North America.B.The west coast of North America.C.The middle of the Atlantic Ocean.D.The middle of the Pacific Ocean.A.His eyesight was too poor.B.He has to work to support himself.C.Physics was too hard for him.D.He didn
40、t like physics any more.A.He wanted to travel.B.He found his job boring.C.He was not qualified to be an engineer.D.He was not happy with the new director.A.He wanted to go to Spain.B.He wanted to work with his friend.C.He enjoyed traveling around the world.D.He was rejected by the engineering firm.A
41、.The owner of the school promised him a good position.B.He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.C.He wanted to earn more to support his family.D.He enjoyed teaching English.A.To show off their wealth.B.To feel good.C.To regain their memory.D.To be different from others.A.To help solve
42、 their psychological problems.B.To play games with them.C.To send them to the hospital.D.To make them aware of its harmfulness.A.They need care and affection.B.They are fond of round-the-world trips.C.They are mostly from broken families.D.They are likely to commit crimes.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
43、Everybody wants to stay young. But youthful innocence only reflects the (36) 1of the “half adult“ generation. For many young people, adulthood means being ordinary and (37) 2under a load of onerous responsibilities. “Being an adult is no fun,“ said an (38) 3girl. “You are a (39) 4person and a confor
44、mist. You wear normal clothes and have to think a lot.“ (40) 5 speaking, adulthood means no more partying, no easy money, and no (41) 6 glasses. An adult is seen largely as someone able and (42) 7to take over responsibility for his or her life. The anxiety of growing up is (43) 8 to the lack of adul
45、t role models and a break in communications between generations. (44) 9. (45) 10. The adoration of youth is also to blame. (46)“ 11“, a sociologist says. No wonder that getting old causes anxiety. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Compre
46、hensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of Conflict results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing. Indivi
47、duals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial(空间的), vertical, and ideational(概念的)mobility. A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in
48、rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking withi
