1、大学英语四级 88 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chines
2、e. 1、认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席的工作。 2、如果你当选了，你将为本校同学做些什么。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Green Wave Washed Over Mainstream Shopping Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers“ continue to flourish as a significant group amongst shoppers. This suggests that politicians
3、 who claim environ mentalism is yesterdays issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood. A report from Mintel, the market research organization, says that despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave“ has swept
4、through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched by environmental concerns. The recently published report also predicts that the process will repeat itself with “ethical“ concerns, involving issues such as fair trade with the Third World and the social record of businesses. Companies will
5、have to be more honest and open in response to this mood. Mintels survey, based on nearly 1,000 consumers, found that the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 per cent in 1990 to around 60 per cent in 1994. On average, they will pay 13 per
6、cent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44. Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent but the number of green sp
7、enders among older people and manual workers has risen substantially. Regions such as Scotland have also caught up with the south of England in their environmental concerns. According to Mintel, and image of green consumerism as associated in the past with the more eccentric members of society has v
8、irtually disappeared. The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it had become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not gone off the boil. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of co
9、nsumer groups, ages and occupations. Mintels 1994 survey found that 13 per cent of consumers are “very dark green“, nearly always buying environmentally friendly products, 28 per cent are “dark green“, trying “as far as possible“ to buy such products, and 21 per cent are “pale green“tending to buy g
10、reen products if they see them. Another 26 per cent are “armchair greens“; they said they care about environmental issues but their concern does not affect their spending habits. Only 10 per cent say they do not care about green issues. Four in ten people are “ethical spenders“, buying goods which d
11、o Not, for example, involve dealings with oppressive regimes. This figure is the same as in 1990, although the number of armchair ethicals has risen from 28 to 35 per cent and only 22 per cent say they are unconcerned now, against 30 per cent in 1990. Hughes claims that in the twenty-first century,
12、consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers. Among green consumers, animal testing is the top issue 48 per ce
13、nt said they would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animalsfollowed by concerns regarding irresponsible selling, the ozone layer, river and sea pollution, forest destruction, recycling and factory farming. However, concern for specific issues is lower than in 1990, suggesti
14、ng that many consumers feel that Government and business have taken on the environmental agenda. （分数：71.00）(1).The research findings report commercial rather than political trends.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying green.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG
15、(3).The majority of shoppers are prepared to pay more for the benefit of the environment according to the research findings.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Consumers green shopping habits are influenced by Mintels findings.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Mintel have limited their investigation to professional and man
16、agerial groups.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).people will buy any products under the name of green.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Between 1990 and 1994, 1and 2who spend on green food increased much.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).In the past people desc
17、ribed those who take a fancy of green products as 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).The amount of people who concerned about the environmental issues related to products now is 1 those of people in 1990.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Half an hour.B.Longer than half an hour.C.Longer tha
18、n an hour.D.It depends on different people.A.At a nice place.B.In a classroom.C.In an office.D.In a restaurant.A.An office girl.B.A secretary.C.A landladyD.A person living on the 3rd floor.A.In the Finchley Road.B.Outside the tube station.C.On the third street of the left.D.Opposite the cemetery.A.H
19、e must have some money in a bank.B.He must sign a contact.C.He must pay the security deposit.D.He must clean his own room.A.About twelve hours.B.About thirteen hours.C.About one day.D.About one day and a half.A.To her Aunt Mary.B.To her Aunt Agatha.C.To her parents.D.To her uncles.A.In a bank.B.In t
20、he grass.C.In a park.D.At the laboratory.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.To make sure you are standing firmly enough at the shore.B.To make sure you are properly equipped.C.To make sure you are properly grounded at the shore.D.To make sure you are properly grounded off the shore.A.He should at first do
21、 nothing and go with the flow.B.He should paddle hard to move away from the shore.C.He should try to stay where he is.D.He should lean forward.A.Never lean forward.B.Never lean backward.C.Never lean away from the shore.D.Never get out of the canoe.A.He was studying.B.He was making noises.C.He was no
22、dding off.D.He was looking for a book.A.It is interesting.B.It is boring.C.It is exciting.D.It is challenging.A.Because Professor Rivers is interested in womens studies.B.Because Professor Rivers is fond of Professor Anderson.C.Because Professor Rivers knows little in this area.D.Because Professor R
23、ivers has a lot of spare time.A.He was struck by lightning.B.He had a car accident.C.He was very old.D.He fell down in his yard.A.His wife.B.A clock.C.A tree.D.Lightning.A.Hiding under a tree.B.Entering the house.C.Driving a car.D.Lying on the ground.A.A fall from the tree.B.The unexpected return of
24、 his wife.C.Another flash of lightning.D.Another heavy blow.A.His friend gave him the wrong key.B.He didnt know where the back door was.C.He couldnt find the key to his mailbox.D.It was too dark to put the key in the lock.A.It was getting dark.B.He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.C.The bird
25、s might have flown away.D.His friend would arrive any time.A.He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.B.He knew the policeman wouldnt believe him.C.The torch light made him look very foolish.D.He realized that he had made a mistake.A.His friends gave him the wrong key.B.He didnt know wher
26、e the back door was.C.He couldnt find the key to his mailbox.D.It was too dark to put the key in the lock.A.It was getting dark.B.He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.C.The birds might have flown away.D.His friend would arrive any time.A.He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.B.H
27、e knew the policeman wouldnt believe him.C.The torch light made him look very foolish.D.He realised that he had made a mistake.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in (36) 1. They show that he was learning Latin, was very interested in the
28、basics of good behavior in society, and was reading English (37) 2. At school he seemed only to have been interested in (38) 3. In fact his formal education was (39) 4 brief for a gentleman, and incomplete. For unlike other young Virginian gentlemen of that day, he did not go to the College of Willi
29、am and Mary in the Virginian (40) 5 of Williamsburg. In terms of formal (41) 6 then, Washington (42) 7 sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. In later years, Washington probably regretted his lack of (43) 8 . (44) 9, or on any subjec
30、t that had not to do with everyday, practical matters. (45) 10, he did not visit the country he admired so much. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he ha
31、s got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again. The idea goes like this. A control box f
32、itted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro- processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. ff the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted. In the UK,
33、a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more th
34、an 10 years old. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer wont allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But dete
35、rmined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting bold of the owners keys. And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system. If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a s
36、ignal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal. Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicles movements via the cars GPS
37、unit. （分数：177.50）(1).Whats the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?（分数：35.50）A.To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.B.To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen.C.To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.D.To prevent car theft by sending
38、a radio signal to the car owner.(2).By saying The pattern of vehicle crime has changed (Lines 1-2. Para. 3). Martyn Randall suggests that_.（分数：35.50）A.it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealingB.self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theftC.the thief has to make use of com
39、puter technologyD.the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old(3).What is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal?（分数：35.50）A.A coded ignition key.B.A special cellphone signal.C.A unique ID card.D.A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(4).Why does the tracking system set a
40、100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre?（分数：35.50）A.To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm.B.To keep police informed of the cars movements.C.To give the driver time to contact the operations centre.D.To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(5).What
41、 will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm?（分数：35.50）A.Start the tracking system.B.Block the car engine.C.Contact the car owner.D.Locate the missing car.Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of scien
42、ce, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The g0al of basic research is understanding, for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula
43、(旋涡星云) or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human beings come into contact with one another-the scope is staggering, but the commitment to truth is the same. If the
44、commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of th
45、eir usefulness of medicine. Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the pro
46、portions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly. The funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 pe
47、rcent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, “Development will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied
48、science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasize upon pure science, tend to degrade the quality of the nations technology in the long run, rather than to improve it.“ （分数：177.50）(1).The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _.（分数：35.50）A.Foundation FundsB.The importance of Basic ResearchC.The Attractiveness of Applied ResearchD.Basic Research vs
