1、大学英语四级 87 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about the relationship between wealth and happiness. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below : 1. 财富是人们共同的追求; 2. 财富与幸福的关系; 3. 你
2、的结论. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)People and Organizations: the Selection Issue In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionally undertaken by accoun
3、tants and market strategists. Unarguably organizations do fail because of undercapitalization, poor financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen (敏锐) often underperform and fail to meet shareholders expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainment of organizational performance require
4、s an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet and the “paper conversation“ of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more complete explanation of “what went wrong“ must consider the essence of what an organization actually is and that one of the financial inputs. The most important an
5、d often the most expensive, is people. An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruit
6、ing the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition (易患病的体质) to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection. Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a pa
7、rticular organizational setting. The individual has to “fit“ in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organizational climate, style of work, organization and culture of the organization. Different organizations have different culture (Cartwright 1992). Poor selection decision are
8、 expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman are about 20,000 (approx, US $30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-enviro
9、nment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and employee stress, which affect organizational outcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e. physical, psychological and mental well-being. However, de
10、spite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests (心理测量), assessment centers etc., many organizations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 mi
11、nute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial accept or reject decision. Research into t
12、he validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview. Where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better than more controversial methods like graphology (笔迹学) and astrology. In time
13、s of high unemployment, recruitment becomes a “buyers market“ and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s. The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European Community show that Europes populations is falling and getting older. Th
14、e birth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 an
15、d 1988 the Communitys female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51 % of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men. The changing demography will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make it increasingly important for
16、organizations wishing to maintain their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity to work from home or job share, the provision of childcare f
17、acilities etc., with play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future. （分数：71.00）(1).Organizations should recognize that employees are a significant part of their financial assets.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Selecting the right person for the job involves merely identifying the essential
18、 or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Open-structured 45-minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a
19、 positive trend.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Graphology is a good predictor of future job performance.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now.（分数：7.10
20、）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The most important and often the most expensive asset of a company is_.（分数：7.10）_(9).Interviewers tend to make their decisions about the interviewees within_ of the interview.（分数：7.10）_(10).All the aspects of the workforce will be influenced by_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，
21、分数：15.00)A.8 hours.B.2 hours.C.6 hours.D.4 hours.A.He doesnt like the dinner because its very dirty.B.Generally speaking, he likes it.C.He has never had such a nice dinner.D.He has a same feeling with the woman.A.She decided to stay at home.B.She was sick.C.She had to fly out of town.D.She said that
22、 shed come later.A.They havent discussed it casually.B.They have discussed it casually.C.They will discuss it casually.D.They wont discuss it casually.A.Tom and Kate will be away from home tonight.B.They are going to a concert.C.Toms talking on a phone.D.Theyll ask in a baby-sitter.A.$40.B.$14.C.$80
23、.D.$28.A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.A.Cold.B.Cool.C.Warm.D.Raining.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.$35.B.$50.C.$100.D.$250.A.To secure a two-bedroom apartment.B.To renew a six-month lease.C.To pay for a dishwasher.D.To cover property damage.A.For a week.B.For two weeks.C.For three weeks.D.For a month.A.T
24、he handbag is brown.B.The handbag has a flap over the top.C.The handbag is a shoulder bag.D.The handbag is not made of leather.A.Her driving license.B.Her money.C.Her passport.D.Her address book.A.At the reception desk.B.In the brasserie.C.In her room.D.At the hotel bank.A.It smashed into a row of h
25、ouses.B.It was run over by a truck.C.It was too nervous to leave the strip in the middle of the road.D.It hit a truck.A.A passenger.B.The dog.C.The truck-driver.D.A policeman.A.In the street.B.In a family swimming pool.C.In a public swimming pool.D.In a kindergarten.A.A big steak.B.A piece of bread.
26、C.A bottle of milk.D.An extra bone.A.Because the master of the shop told him to do so.B.Because he had enough money for a meal.C.Because the smell of the food attracted him.D.Because he wanted to pay a visit.A.Half the price of a dinner.B.The whole price of a dinner.C.20 dollars.D.Half a dollar.A.Ye
27、s, he had to pay the dinner.B.No, a wise policeman helped him out.C.Yes, he had to pay two pence for it.D.No, many passers-by helped him out.A.Very well.B.Just so-so.C.Excellently.D.Terribly.A.Found a job in a big firm.B.Tried to get a job.C.Gambled all the time.D.Became a manager.A.Just very easy.B
28、.Not so hard.C.Simply a headache.D.Impossible.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the American family the husband and wife usually share important (36) 1. When the children are old enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often (37) 2by the American way of family life. The old rule that children sho
29、uld be seen and not heard is (38) 3followed, and children are often (39) 4to do what they wish without question, and children are (40) 5to be independent at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this (41) 6too far. Others think that a strong father (42) 7would not suit the Am
30、erican values of (43) 8and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, (44) 9 Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence. (45) 10 The average American is expected to live beyond the age of 70. The job retirement age is usually 65. The
31、 children have left home, married, and set up their own households. At present 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement income. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Jan. 6 issue-Th
32、e weather outside was icy, but inside, 250 journalists were gathered in a Manhattan office complex to see the latest schemes for rebuilding the World Trade Center site. Last week was the first hope that something good for the city could emerge from September 11. A year ago New York Governor George P
33、ataki established the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation to be responsible for the rebuilding. The agency has bungled the effort more than once. Last summer the public gave its first set of plans a Bronx cheer (嘘声), urging the LMDC to hold an international competition for new designs. From more
34、 than 400 applicants, it chose six teams of designers (a seventh firm, LMDC consultants Peterson/Littenberg, was added later). The most futuristic aspects of the schemes are in the skyline-several call for the tallest buildings in the world. British architect Norman Foster says his firms two towers
35、“kiss and touch and become one“; Team United offers a cluster of towers that lean into each other; the team of Richard Meier, Peter Eisenman, Charles Gwathmey and Steven Holl proposes five high rises, joined by horizontal connectors. All these links were inspired by the need to give multiple exit op
36、tions. But more critical-and more likely to become reality than any of these specific towers-is how the various schemes treat the street level and underground. Most, by putting rentable office space up high, were generous with parks and cultural facilities. The teams were told to create sites for a
37、memorial-and several couldnt resist designing one. Libeskind was struck by the “great slurry (泥浆) wails“ 70 feet down that survived the attack, a dike (堤防) against landfill and an engineering miracle of its time-and he leaves them as a memorial, adding a waterfall and a museum. Foster suggests two m
38、emorials in the areas of the Twin Towers foot prints, one for families of victims, the other for the public. （分数：177.50）(1).The term “bungled“ in Line 2 of Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by _.（分数：35.50）A.boastedB.combinedC.sparedD.spoiled(2).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according
39、to the passage?（分数：35.50）A.The international competition for new designs won great concerns from designers around the world.B.Altogether seven teams of designers were chosen in the international competition for new designs.C.The public was satisfied with the efforts that LMDC had made in the last su
40、mmer and gave their plans a satisfied cheer.D.The schemes brought the first hope that something good for the city could emerge from September 11.(3).The passage is mainly about _.（分数：35.50）A.LMDC s effort to rebuild the World Trade Center siteB.the schemes for rebuilding the World Trade Center siteC
41、.people s hope of having a rebuilt World Trade CenterD.how to rebuild the World Trade Center in New York(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：35.50）A.the public actually is not in favor of rebuilding high-rises at the World Trade Center siteB.in the schemes, the designers try to offer m
42、ore ways of escaping in case of an emergencyC.nothing survived the attack to the World Trade Center on September 11D.a seventh firm was chosen in the competition because the public wanted it(5).According to the passage, the most decisive factor in the competition lies in _.（分数：35.50）A.how to treat t
43、he street level and undergroundB.how to design the links between the high-risesC.how to create sites for a memorialD.how to build parks and facilitiesTwo hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the worlds largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvanias Pocono
44、 Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife. The streams, lakes, meadows (草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important h
45、abitats (栖息地) are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development. The Nature Conservancy (大自然保护协会) named the area one of Americas “Last Great Places“. Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the c
46、onservancys bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area. A
47、ltemoses family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family s land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson. Cook attributes the Conservancys success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents “The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local
