1、大学英语四级 86 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On Conserving Energy. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 能源短缺问题已非常严重； 2. 可以采取节能措施解决能源短缺问题； 3. 你的看法。 （分数
2、：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Motor Car There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing toofrom 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a da
3、y in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety. Problems While emissions (废气排放) from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets and motorways are becomin
4、g more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis, which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe. Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals suffered form congestion and
5、traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard. Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobili
6、ty to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. Today about 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of transporting
7、people and goods? In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. The fast development of city life means tha
8、t life without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behavior. A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that ca
9、r transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it leads to such as traffic jam, accidents, pollution, loss of crop-land and natural habitats, overuse of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of p
10、ersonal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favor of mass transit. Solution Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customer
11、s and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible. One solution that has
12、been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities and neighborhoods so that car journeys are not necessaryall essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. Not only would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it would als
13、o enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars. Good local government is already bringing this about in some places. But few democratic communities are blessed with the visionand the capitalto make such profound changes in modern lifestyles. A more practical
14、way to solve the problem seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small “low emission“ cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to
15、actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable and made more feasible by modern computers. But there are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate. （分数：71.00）(1).Vehicle pollut
16、ion is worse in European cities than anywhere else.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Transport by horse would be a useful alternative to motor vehicles.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Nowadays freight is not carried by water in the United Kingdom.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Most European cities were not designed for motor v
17、ehicles.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Technology alone cannot solve the problem of vehicle pollution.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Peoples choice of car and attitude to driving is a factor in the pollution problem.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Redesigning cities would be a short-term solution.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).You
18、will feel_ when breathing because of the overwhelming cars in the street.（分数：7.10）_(9).In most cities in Europe, to adapt to the fast development of motor cars would mean to add_, _ and_.（分数：7.10）_(10).According to the author, the most practical way for wealthy countries will be_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listeni
19、ng Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Shed watched the movie a long time ago.B.She left before the movie was half over.C.She saw only half the movie before.D.She realized the film was 4 years old.A.Hes been looking everywhere for the puzzle.B.He hardly looked at the puzzle.C.His comment puzzled the woman.D
20、.He thought the puzzle would be easier to solve.A.Try it on.B.Paint a picture of it.C.Hammer a nail with it.D.Throw it away.A.Anger.B.Surprise.C.Confusion.D.Happiness.A.Go to a lecture.B.Call her sister.C.Attend a planning meeting.D.Go bowling.A.After class today.B.After todays meeting.C.After class
21、 on Friday.D.Before class on Friday.A.She just got a job at a florists shop.B.She needs to go shopping before dinner.C.She got a lot of flowers for the party.D.She has to clean up the dining room.A.They should go to the coffee shop now.B.They needed to change the location of their meeting.C.She want
22、s to buy some more coffee.D.Theyll have to change the location of their meeting.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.In a dentists office.B.In a drugstore.C.In a hospital.D.In a doctors office.A.To tell him that the woman would meet him at his office.B.To ask him for an appointment.C.To ask him what time th
23、e womans appointment was.D.To get a prescription for the woman.A.The woman had a toothache.B.She wanted to buy some aspirin.C.She was a regular patient of Dr. Williams.D.Dr. Williams was very busy.A.The benefits of strong business competition.B.A proposal to lower the cost of production.C.Complaints
24、 about the expense of modernization.D.Suggestions concerning new business strategies.A.It costs much more than its worth.B.It should be brought up-to-date.C.It calls for immediate repairs.D.It can still be used for a long time.A.The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.B.A few engineer
25、s should be employed to modernize the factory.C.The entire staff should be retained.D.Better-educated employees should be promoted.A.Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.B.TV commercials are less expensive.C.Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.D.TV commercials attract mor
26、e investments.A.Beasts.B.Herbivorous.C.Carnivorous.D.Dinosaurs.A.150 years ago.B.60 million years ago.C.16 million years ago.D.150 million years ago.A.By digging site.B.By reconstructing skeletons.C.By observing them closely.D.By living with them.A.Scientists have studied them for centuries.B.They w
27、ere meat eating as well as plant eating.C.They wandered the earth for millions of years.D.They lived on land, in the sea, and in the sky.A.The animals thought Deer ran faster than Rabbit.B.The animals thought Rabbit ran faster than Deer.C.The animals thought neither ran faster enough.D.The animals c
28、ouldnt tell which ran faster.A.The race was not very hard.B.The race was very hard.C.The Deer and the Rabbit would have to run around a large tree.D.They would have to run on one side of the forest.A.It was very clever.B.It was stupid.C.It was dishonest.D.It was brave.A.In about 20 years.B.Within a
29、week.C.In a couple of weeks.D.As early as possible.A.Yes, of course.B.Possibly not.C.Not mentioned.D.Definitely not.A.Her complaint was ignored.B.The store sent her the correct order.C.The store apologized for their mistake.D.The store picked up the wrong items.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Nationa
30、l Health Service in Britain was set up in 1948 (36) 1after the end of the Second World War. Its (37) 2is to provide free medical treatment for all patients who wish to take advantage of the (38) 3. However, it is still possible to (39) 4private medical treatment and in this case the doctor charges a
31、 fee. To say that the National Health Service is free is not (40) 5true. Every employed or self-employed person over 16 years of age must put a stamp on an (41) 6card every week. This card is (42) 7by a government department called the Department of Health and Social Security. The stamp costs money
32、and the (43) 8is constantly changing. (44) 9, and it finances the National Health Service together with many other social security benefits such as retirement pensions, unemployment benefit, sickness benefit and so on. In order to participate in the Health Service, a patient must register with a Gen
33、eral Practitioner, usually known as a GP. (45) 10 If the doctor feels that the case needs more expert help or the use of greater resources than are at his disposal, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)
34、Thank-you cardsheartfelt expressions of gratitude for gifts, services and general kindness seem to be rare in an age when the Internet continues to reduce human interaction. Although our society has changed greatly over the past century, the etiquette(礼节) of thank-you notes has not. While most peopl
35、e would agree that thank-you notes under these circumstances are a necessity, there are still those who forever postpone or are forgetful for unknown reasons. And at no time of the year are thank-you notes more visible than June, the month of brides and graduations, and the beginning of summer parti
36、es. “Its a must-do thing. A real thank you does not come by e-mail. They come in the mail in an envelope. And what comes out of an envelope is a beautiful thing to touch and to handle and to pass around. for everyone to read,“ said etiquette expert Letitia Baldrige. Dont think for a second that Bald
37、rige is old-fashioned. Handwritten thank-you notesany handwritten correspondence, for that matter have taken on an air of extra importance and dignity in this e-hyper world. Baldrige remains hopeful that the art may be enjoying a renaissance(复兴). More than simply obeying rules of etiquette, thank-yo
38、u cards are a sign of caring. “Theyre more important now than ever,“ expert Peter Post says. “Youre building a relationship. And part of building that relationship is that you acknowledge when someone has done something nice for you.“ The payoff(回报), Post says, can be huge. “It will continue indefin
39、itely,“ he says. “The more we do it, the more it comes back to us, and its a benefit to us all. It makes our world a little bit nicer place to live in. “ （分数：177.50）(1).Thank-you cards seem to become rare because_.（分数：35.50）A.interaction between people has been diminished than beforeB.the etiquette
40、of thank-you notes has become out of dateC.people have found better means of expressing their thanksD.people have become forgetful in the new age(2).By saying “at no time of the year are thank-you notes more visible than June“ the writer means_.（分数：35.50）A.thank-you notes can be more easily noticed
41、in the month of JuneB.thank-you notes can be displayed to the brides or at graduation and summer partiesC.June is the month full of interaction, yet we dont write enough thank-you notesD.its better to send thank-you notes in the month of June(3).According to Letitia Baldrige_.（分数：35.50）A.real thank-
42、you notes should be touched and handled and passed around for everyone to readB.real thank-you notes should be handwrittenC.thank you notes will become fashionable again in the new renaissanceD.thank you notes in email do not show importance or dignity(4).According to Peter Post, by writing a thank-
43、you card_.（分数：35.50）A.you express that you are obeying rules of etiquetteB.you show that you are caring for other peopleC.you acknowledge that you have a relationship with othersD.you display your gratitude for what people have done for you(5).Peter Post believes that_.（分数：35.50）A.the etiquette of s
44、ending thank-you cards does good to people and may never die awayB.if we send more thank-you cards, we will receive more in returnC.sending thank-you cards may help people develop a positive attitude toward lifeD.we can be greatly rewarded for sending thank-you cardsNo matter how large or notable th
45、e U. S. travel industry is or may become, it will always be members of a broader world society. The charge facing all of us is to appropriately en gage poverty. Poverty is certainly not new but the means at our disposal to address poverty are improving by the day. Fortunately, the $ 3.3 trillion wor
46、ld travel industry is uniquely suited to address poverty in regions where it is most entrenched. In the course of making a case for harnessing travel and tourism for poverty reduction, the travel and tourism industry already exists in every region of the globe and is a proven job producer and sustai
47、ner of native culture. That travel and tourism creates good jobs is indisputable. In the U. S. , the Industrial Age economy is in transition to a service economy, and travel and tourism is responsible for one in every seven workers in the U. S. civilian workforce, directly or indirectly. But by no means is this phenomenon limited to the U. S. The World Travel and Tourism Council re ports tourism employs almost 200 million people worldwide - 1 in every 13 jobs worldwide today. There are many important differences betwee
