1、大学英语四级 85 及答案解析(总分：746.53，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, suppose you are the Chairperson of the Student Union at your university. Write a welcome speech to the new students at your university. You should write no more than 120 words following the outline given bel
2、ow in Chinese: 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 介绍学校的有关情况(如图书馆、饭厅和体育活动场所等)； 3. 遇到困难该如何解决。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)JOBS A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, a
3、nd distribution of the population, as well as developments in technology. These changes also affect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many
4、jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment. A New Labor Force The United States labor force-the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are active
5、ly seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year 2005, the labor force is expected to reach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979-1992. The slowdown is largely
6、 due to slower population growth in the United States. The U. S. labor force will become more diverse by 2005, White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share, Between 1992 and 2005,
7、 blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的) groups will account for roughly 35% of all people entering the work force. In addition, women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 42% of the labor force. By 2005, their share is expected to be 48%. The age
8、 make-up of the U. S. population will change from 1992 to 2005. There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older people. The decline in the proportion of Children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The lar
9、ge increase in the middle-aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation-people born between 1946 and 1964. The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer.
10、The changing age make-up of the U. S. population will directly affect tomorrows work force, Young people age 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers age 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28
11、% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force, but their share will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 45 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up fr
12、om 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger workers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years. Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件) for Employment The education level of the
13、 labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In 1980, for example, 19% of all workers age 25 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bachelors degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue. From 1992 to 2005, employment gr
14、owth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for those requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are t
15、hose with higher earnings. Office and factory automation, changes in consumer demand, and the movement of factories overseas will continue to affect job opportunities. Employment in jobs requiring little formal education may decline. They may also stagnate, or stay the same, making job opportunities
16、 for people who have not finished high school increasingly limited. In addition, those workers will be more likely to have low paying jobs with little opportunity for advancement. Goods Vs Services Today industries providing services employ more people than those providing goods. Currently, about 21
17、% of the labor force is employed in goods-producing industries, such as mining, manufacturing, and construction. About 79% of United States workers are employed in service-producing industries, such as health care, education, transportation, communications, and banking. Economists forecast a continu
18、ed increase in the number of jobs in service-producing industries. By 2005, service jobs are expected to make up 82% of the job market. Employment Trends in Service Industries Health services will continue to be one of the fastest growing industries in the U. S. economy from 1992 to 2005. For exampl
19、e, home health care is the second most rapidly growing industry today. The increased demand for health services is due to improvements in medical technology, the growing size of the U.S. population, and the increasing proportion of older people in the population. Business services, also will generat
20、e many jobs by 2005. However, this industry will grow more slowly than it did from 1979 to 1992. Business services include one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. economy: computer and data processing services. This industrys rapid growth is due to advances in technology, worldwide trends
21、toward office and factory automation, and increased demand by companies, government agencies, and individuals. Other service industries also will experience growth from 1992 to 2005. Education, for example, is expected to add 2.8 million jobs due to population growth and rising school enrollments. E
22、mployment in social services is expected to increase by 1.7 million, In fact, the most rapidly growing industry in the U. S. economy today is residential care. The economy will also see strong job growth in the passenger transportation industry, including travel agencies. Employment in the communica
23、tions industry, however, is expected to decline by 12%. This decline is due to laborsaving technology and increased competition among companies. Employment Trends in Goods-Producing Industries Overall employment in goods-producing industries is expected to show little change between 1992 and 2005. H
24、owever, growth will vary among industries, with some industries experiencing an increase in jobs and others experiencing a decrease. Employment in the construction industry, for example, is expected to increase 26%, from 4. 5 million in 1992 to 5.6 million in 2005. The need to improve the nations ro
25、ads, bridges, and tunnels will offset (补偿) the declining demand for new homes and office buildings. Also, after declining for many years, overall employment in farming, forestry, and fishing is projected to grow by 14%, from 1.7 million to 2 million jobs. Jobs in other goods-producing industries wil
26、l continue to decline. For example, employment in manufacturing is expected to decrease by 3% from its 1992 level of 18 million jobs. Most of the jobs that will disappear will be production jobs, as machines continue to replace people. However, the number of professional and technical positions in m
27、anufacturing will increase. Mining employment, which includes the petroleum industry, is expected to decline 11% by 2005, from 631,000 to 562,000 jobs. （分数：71.00）(1).The article deals with the employment of the future in the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Slower population increase is largely
28、 responsible for the slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Workers aged 25-34 usually have more employment experience than workers aged 16-24 . （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Although the job applicants have not finished high school, they are highly likely to be promoted.
29、（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).More people are employed in service sections than in manufacturing ones. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The increasing proportion of older people is one of the reasons why home health care grows fastest today. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Loss of the production jobs will occur as robots con
30、tinue to replace people. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Business services experience rapid growth as a result of worldwide automation, growing demand and _. （分数：7.10）_(9).In 1992, employment in the manufacturing section was _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Increased competition among companies and labor-saving technology
31、will contribute to a loss of jobs in _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Get some change from Jane.B.Go look for a pay phone.C.Use the womans phone.D.Pay for the phone call.A.At an art gallery.B.In a department store.C.At a bookstore.D.In a workshop.A.She will help the man to catch
32、up.B.She is worried about the mans health.C.She has bought the man an up-to-date map.D.Shes bought the man a pair of glasses today.A.He is going to give a talk on fishing.B.He is eager to meet Susans parents.C.He has the same hobby as Susans father.D.He thinks fishing is a good way to kill time.A.He
33、 finds the presentation hard to follow.B.He speaks highly of the presentation.C.He considers the presentation very dull.D.He thinks Professor White has chosen an interesting topic.A.A bookshelf.B.A typewriter.C.Some stocks.D.High quality paper.A.They set off early.B.They wait for a fine day.C.They g
34、o sightseeing.D.They go to the seaside.A.He liked to show off in class.B.He was the first person she met at school.C.He had a funny face.D.He was late for school on the first day.A.Her car can stand any crash.B.Her car is kept in good condition.C.Her car is not as good as his.D.Her car is maintained
35、 as well as his.A.She is too busy to go.B.Shes willing to go swimming.C.She doesnt want to wait long.D.She enjoys the wonderful weather.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.To organize activities for children.B.To sell local farm products.C.To bring tourists to the town.D.To make money for the hospital.A.Pl
36、ay in a band.B.Work at the auction.C.Sell refreshments.D.Collect tickets.A.He thinks its mainly for children.B.He feels it would be worthwhile.C.He believes it is too complicated.D.He thinks it may not be very profitable.A.Relaxing at the seashore.B.Visiting her parents.C.Sailing on a boat.D.Prepari
37、ng for a race.A.She was invited only for the weekend.B.The weather was too hot.C.She had an appointment.D.She had schoolwork to do.A.She had to go home.B.She was too tired to continue.C.She had to finish her schoolwork.D.She was thirsty.A.It takes skill.B.It pays well.C.Its a full-time job.D.Its adm
38、ired worldwide.A.A mother with a baby in her arms.B.A woman whose bag is hanging in front.C.A lone female with a handbag at her right side.D.An old lady carrying a handbag on the left.A.The back pocket of his tight trousers.B.The top pocket of his jacket.C.A side pocket of his jacket.D.A side pocket
39、 of his trousers.A.Theater lobbies with uniformed security guards.B.Clothing stores where people are relaxed and off guard.C.Airports where people carry a lot of luggage.D.Hotels and restaurants in southeast London.A.They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “light“ beer.B.They usually ignore
40、the effect of exercise on losing weight.C.They prefer “light“ beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.D.They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.A.They think it is physically exhausting.B.They are discouraged by the fact that exercise can only work off
41、a small amount of calories.C.They dont think it possible to walk three miles every day.D.They find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome.A.Controlling ones calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.B.Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.C.Weight reduction is ultimat
42、ely impossible without exercise.D.One could lose ten pounds in a years time if theres no increase in food intake.A.The combination of exercise and diet is the best way to lose weight.B.Exercise plays the most important role in losing weight.C.Exercise by itself can do well in weight reduction.D.The
43、overweight people have special genes in their bodies.A.Bacteria can make both cooked foods and fresh goods go bad.B.The best way to protect food is to keep it in a cool place.C.Several ways to keep food cool without the need for electricity.D.How to make a common evaporative cooler.A.An ice box is a
44、 simple device which is made only of wood.B.An ice box will keep food from spoiling for several days.C.A big piece of ice is placed in the bottom.D.An ice box is less costly way than refrigeration to keep food cool.A.It is the best method to keep food cool without electricity.B.All four sides of the
45、 box are covered with thick cloth.C.The top and bottom of each piece of cloth is placed in the water.D.The shelves are made from pieces of wood with many small holes.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Very few people can get a college degree before 11, but Michael was an (36) 1. He started high school when
46、he was 5, finishing in just nine months. He became the (37) 2youngest college graduate when he was 10 years and 4 months old, earning an (38) 3degree. Now at 11 Michaels working on a masters degree in (39) 4intelligence. But Michaels (40) 5hasnt always come easy. (41) 6his intelligence, he still lac
47、ks important life (42) 7. In one class, he had to struggle to understand (43) 8novels, because, he says, “Im 11. Ive never been in love before.“ Another challenge was his size.(44) 9. He likes computers so much (45) 10. He wants to make robots do all the heavy tasks. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind.
