1、大学英语四级 83 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on how to reduce stress. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1、现代社会人们的压力与日俱增； 2、压力产生的原因； 3、减少压力的办法。 （分数：30.00）_
2、二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Influenza Influenza is caused by a virus transmitted from one person to another in droplets coughed or sneezed into the air. It is characterized by cold like symptoms plus chills, fever, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue. Most people recover completely in abo
3、ut a week. In addition to humans, influenza occurs in pigs, horses, and several other mammals (哺乳动物) as well as in certain wild and domesticated birds. At least some influenza viruses can jump from one species to another. For example, in late 1997 a strain of the influenza virus in chickens began to
4、 infect humans in Hong Kong, leading to a massive effect to remove the strain. Many millions of people develop the flu each year. In most years less than 1 percent of those infected die. Nonetheless, this translates into large numbers. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
5、C) estimates that influenza causes more than 20,000 deaths in the United States each year; combined, influenza and pneumonia (肺炎) are among the nations ten leading causes of death. During epidemics and pandemics, death rates soar. The influenza pandemic that occurred between 1918 and 1919the worse o
6、n recordkilled about 500,000 people in the United States and more than 20 million people worldwide. Symptoms and diagnosis Influenza is an acute disease with a rapid onset and obvious symptoms. After the influenza virus invades a persons body, an period of one or two days passes before symptoms appe
7、ar. Classic symptoms include sore throat, dry cough, stuffed or runny nose, chills, fever with temperatures as high as 39C , aching muscles and joints, headache, loss of appetite, occasional nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. For most people flu symptoms begin to subside after two to three days and d
8、isappear in seven to ten days. However, coughing and fatigue may persist for two or more weeks. Death from influenza itself is rare. But influenza can worsen underlying medical conditions, such as heart or lung disease. Invading influenza viruses produce inflammation (发炎) in the lining of the respir
9、atory tract, damage that increases the risk that secondary infections will develop. Common complications include bronchitis, sinusitis, and bacterial pneumonia, occurring most frequently in the elderly, people on chemotherapy (化学疗法), and people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or anoth
10、er disease that compromises the immune system. If properly treated, these complications seldom are fatal. Because influenza is so common and exhibits standard symptoms, doctors often diagnose the illness based on the season and whether flu cases have recently been reported in the area. To prove a di
11、agnosis of influenza in a patient, the virus must be isolated from the persons nasal or cough secretions or blood and identified under a microscope. Treatment and prevention There is no specific cure for influenza. Recommended treatment usually consists of bed rest and increased intake of fluids unt
12、il fever and other symptoms lessen in severity. Certain drugs have been found effective in lessening flu symptoms, but medical efforts against the disease focus chiefly on prevention by means of vaccines that create immunity. Vaccines A flu vaccine consists of greatly weakened or killed flu viruses,
13、 or fragments of dead viruses. Antigens (抗原) in the vaccine stimulate a persons immune system to produce antibodies against the viruses. If the flu viruses invade a vaccinated person at a later time, the immune system recognizes the antigens and quickly responds to help destroy the viruses. About 5
14、to 10 percent of people; who receive a flu vaccine experience mild, temporary side effects, typically soreness at the injection site. Young children who have not previously been exposed to the influenza virus are most likely to have side effects. Flu viruses constantly change so different virus stra
15、ins must be incorporated in vaccines from one year to the next. Scientists try to provide a good match between the vaccine and the most serious virus strains circulating at the time. But because it takes months to manufacture and distribute vaccines, decisions on their composition must be made well
16、before the start of each flu season. Each February experts at the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend the composition of the vaccine for the forthcoming winter in the Northern Hemisphere; a second recommendation is made in September for vaccine to be used in the Southern Hemisphere. Typically
17、vaccines contain antigens from three virus strains, usually two type A and one type B. According to the CDC, the success of the flu vaccines varies from one person to another. In healthy young adults, the vaccines are 70 to 90 percent effective in preventing the disease. In the elderly and people wi
18、th certain chronic medical conditions, the vaccines are less effective in preventing illness but help reduce the severity of an infection and the risk of major complications or death. Studies show that flu vaccines reduce hospitalization by about 70 percent and death by about 85 percent among elderl
19、y people. Historic outbreaks Evidence suggests that all influenza viruses in mammals, including humans, derived from viruses in wild ducks and other birds. Some of these viruses could have been acquired by humans thousands of years ago. But medical historians know of no clearly identifiable influenz
20、a epidemics until large-scale outbreaks occurred in Europe in 1510, 1557, and 1580. The 1580 outbreak also spread into Africa and Asia, making it the first known pandemic (广大地域流行). Pandemics have occurred periodically ever since. Major pandemics took place in 17291730, 17321733, 1781 1782, 18301831,
21、 1833, and 18891890. The last of these, called the Russian flu because it reached Europe from the east, was the first pandemic for which detailed records are available. In the 20th century, major pandemics occurred in 19181919, 19571958, and 19681969. The 19181919 pandemic was the most destructive i
22、n recorded history. It started as World War I (19141918) was ending and caused 20 million deathstwice as many deaths as the war itself. When and where the pandemic began is uncertain, but because Spain experienced the first major outbreak, the disease came to be called the Spanish flu. The virus was
23、 exceptionally deadly; many of the deaths were among young adults age 20 to 40, a group usually not severely affected by influenza. No additionally pandemics occurred during the 20th century, but public health experts expect that there will be more pandemics in coming years. While scientists do not
24、yet know how to accurately predict flu outbreaks, they have established an international network to track and monitor outbreaks so that health officials can take immediate preventive measures to avoid pandemics. The international network, called FluNet, consists of about 110 influenza centers in mor
25、e than 80 countries and several World Health Organization (WHO) centers, all linked electronically. （分数：71.00）(1).The authors primary purpose in this passage is to suggest people receive flu vaccines.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).In the United States influenza is one of the ten principle causes of death.（分
26、数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Being tired is one of the classic flu symptoms.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Generally speaking, the person who catches flu can completely recover for at last 14 days.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).To diagnose influenza, the virus must be identified by using a microscope.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6)
27、.Although there are some drugs effective in relieving flu symptoms today, none can cure flu.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Some of the old people who inject flu vaccines experience serious side effects.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Flu vaccines can reduce death by about 1 percent among old people.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(
28、9).It is proved that influenza viruses come from the viruses in 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Scientists have established an international network called 1 to monitor flu in the world.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He prefers to stay at home.B.He enjoys listening to music at a bar.
29、C.He would rather see a movie with his friends.D.He prefers restaurant to music bar.A.She sells tickets.B.She is going to a foreign country.C.She has a drivers license.D.She has been accepted at a college.A.He must read a lot of books.B.He doesnt like history.C.He cant get the books he needs.D.He ha
30、s lost his watch.A.The man shouldnt expect her to go along.B.She doesnt think she has enough money.C.Shell go even though the movie is bad.D.The man should count the number of people going.A.Everything is slow in bad weather.B.Neither way is very fast.C.She has to take a train and bus to work.D.He s
31、hould try both of them and compare.A.The man should learn to slow down.B.The man is always tired lately.C.They arent going very fast.D.They arent going to be on time.A.Its a very long one.B.It should take place as planned.C.The arrangements are uncertain so far.D.It was canceled on Friday.A.She pref
32、ers the stadium.B.She agrees with the man.C.The light isnt bright enough.D.The dining room isnt large enough.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A popular TV program.B.A breakthrough in technology.C.A decent purchase.D.A new electronics store.A.Research what television is best for him.B.Ask for a cheaper p
33、rice on the television.C.Try a different store.D.Be satisfied with what he has.A.Watch less television.B.Return the television on the store.C.Pay for the television.D.Show the woman how to use the television.A.He would prefer a more expensive model.B.Hes confused by the remote controls.C.Hes eager t
34、o use it.D.Hes not happy that he bought it.A.Doctor and patient.B.Professor and student.C.Receptionist and guest.D.Boss and worker.A.No-smoking, double bed and quiet.B.No-smoking, single bed and quiet.C.Smoking, single bed and quiet.D.Smoking, double bed and quiet.A.Because he is the friend of the m
35、anager in that hotel.B.Because he is the local officer.C.Because he is a local resident.D.Because he has just lost his job.A.70 dollars.B.49 dollars.C.21 dollars.D.12 dollars.A.It takes skill.B.It pays well.C.Its a full-time job.D.Its admired worldwide.A.A mother with a baby in her arms.B.A woman wh
36、ose bag is hanging in front.C.A lone female with a handbag at her right side.D.An old lady carrying a handbag on the left.A.The back pocket of his tight trousers.B.The top pocket of his jacket.C.A side pocket of his jacket.D.A side pocket of his trousers.A.Theater lobbies with uniformed security gua
37、rds.B.Clothing stores where people are relaxed and off guard.C.Airports where people carry a lot of luggage.D.Hotels and restaurants in southeast London.A.Clean.B.Powerful.C.Cheap.D.Secure.A.31%.B.33%.C.58%.D.24%.A.Advantages of nuclear-generated electricity.B.Nuclear-and-coal-generated electricity.
38、C.Nuclear-generated electricity becoming one of the basic props supporting the U. S. economy.D.U. S. energy independence.A.Posters allow people to eat poorly.B.A bad diet is a symptom of social, cultural, and economic problems.C.Poor people are not aware of the four food groups.D.Alcohol contributes
39、 to a bad diet.A.They are not the solution to dietary problems.B.They do not illustrate all the food groups.C.They are not based on medical research.D.They are only to wealthy people.A.Cultural problems.B.Social problems.C.Economic problems.D.Physical problems.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many people
40、throughout the world are worried about their computers. They fear the machines have been (36) 1by a virus. A virus is a program that could destroy all the information the computers contain. It can remain (37) 2in a computer for a long time and then without warning it can destroy. It is (38) 3to a vi
41、rus in the body that does not immediately cause disease. Nobody knows who created the (39) 4computer program, but it is known that the virus (40) 5from computer to computer through the (41) 6of programs that secretly carry it. If the virus becomes active, it could do a lot of damage. For example, it
42、 could cause companies or hospitals to lose all of their important (42) 7. Some experts have tested the virus and they say it will become active only if the computer is turned on when the computers clock (43) 8March 6th. (44) 9. Computer companies are also selling special programs that can find viru
43、ses and deactivate them. (45) 10. Then no information will be lost if the computer is by a virus. People found guilty of spreading viruses may be forced to pay large amounts of money and they could be sent to prison. (46) 11 （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
44、项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)On 10 September 2001, Charles Ingram, an officer in the British army, became a millionaire but only for a few hours. That night, he appeared on the UKs “Who wants to be a Millionaire“ quiz show. Contestants on this show must answer 15 questions corr
45、ectly, getting larger sums of money each time. If they answer all the questions, they walk away with 1 million. Charles Ingram won his million. But then the program makers decided he had cheated. Contestants have to choose one correct answer from four given to every question. Playing back the tape o
46、f the show, they heard loud coughs coming from the audience whenever the correct answer was mentioned. Charles Ingram would then choose that answer. The coughs came from another contestant, Tecwen Whittock, who was a friend of Charles Ingrams wife, Diana. The three were soon arrested and on April 7
47、this year, they were all found guilty in court by trying to cheat the programme makers of their money. However, Charles Ingram still protests that he is innocent. To the public in the UK, “The millionaire trial“, as it was called, was a major source of public entertainment It was more than just a tr
48、ial. It was a modern morality tale, a story of media, money and greed. TV quiz shows have always been accused of causing corruption. In the early days, producers would give the right answers to contestants who seemed to be popular with the audience to increase viewing figures. For many years, prizes on game shows were limited to discouraging cheating. Viewers are supposed to watch just for the pleasure of seeing people get questions right. But program makers eventually argued successfully that compet
