1、大学英语四级 82及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter oat thanks. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你过生日时收到了 Lucy 让人送来的鲜花，写信向她表示感谢。信的内容应包括： 1. 表达感谢
2、之意； 2. 提出回报对方； 3. 期待对方做客。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Learning a language When Do We Learn a Language? Children begin learning languages at birth (infants pay attention to their parents voices, as opposed to random noises or even other languages), and havent really mastered it s
3、ubtleties before the age of ten years. Indeed. we never really stop learning our language. This isnt exactly the sort of behavior (like foals walking an hour after birth) that we call instinct in animals. Do We learn When We Dont Have to? But at least its effortless, isnt it? Well, no, as we can see
4、 when children have a choice of languages to learn. Whats found is that, to be frank, children dont learn a language if they can get away with not learning it. Many an immigrant family in the U.S. intends to teach their child their native language; and for the first few years it goes swimmingly so m
5、uch so that the parents worry that the child wont learn English. Then the child goes to school, picks up English, and within a few years the worry is reversed: the child still understands his parents, but responds in English. Eventually the parents may give up, and the home language becomes English.
6、 Peoples Influence A child is likely to end up as a fluent speaker of a language only if there are significant people in her life who speak it: a nanny who only speaks Spanish, a relative who doesnt speak English, etc. Once a child discovers that his parents understand English perfectly well, hes li
7、kely to give up on the home language, even in the face of strong disapproval from the parents. Its a myth that children learn to speak mainly from their parents. They dont: they learn mostly from their peers. This is most easily seen among children of immigrants, whether they come from differing lan
8、guage backgrounds or merely different dialect areas: the children invariably come to speak the dialect of their neighborhood and school, not that of their parents. (I found a neat example of this in my colleges alumni magazine: A liberal family in Mississippi sent their daughter to the public school
9、s, which except for her were all black. She grew up speaking fluent African-American Vernacular English. ) Do We Need Grammar? Supporters of the language instinct make much of the fact that children learn to speak without formal instruction - indeed, they notoriously ignore explicit corrections. Ver
10、y little of what we learn is through formal instruction. Children arent schooled in video games, either, yet they pick them up with the same seeming ease. The apparent effortlessness is largely an illusion caused by psychological distance. We just dont remember how hard it was to learn language. (In
11、 fact, theres some studies suggesting that memory is tied to language, so that we cant remember the language learning process. ) The perception of effortlessness should be balanced, anyway, by the universal amusement (which some cartoonists have been mining for nearly half a century) over childrens
12、language mistakes. Do Children Learn Faster? One may fall back on the position that languages may be hard for children to learn, but at least they do it better than adults. This, however, turns out to be surprisingly difficult to prove. Singleton examined hundreds of studies, and found them resoundi
13、ngly ambiguous. Quite a few studies, in fact, find that adult learners progress faster than children. Even in phonetics, sometimes tile last stronghold of the kids-learn-free position, there are studies finding that adults are better at recognizing and producing foreign sounds. Now, I think Singleto
14、n misses a key point in understanding this discrepancy: the studies he reviews compare children vs. adults who are learning languages. Thats quite reasonable, and indeed its hard to imagine an alternative approach, but the two groups are not really comparable! All children have to learn at least one
15、 language; but few adults do. So the studies compare the situation of all children with that of the minority of adults motivated to formally learn other languages. Why? Why do children learn languages well, when even adults who want to learn them have trouble with them? Innate abilities aside, child
16、ren have a number of powerful advantages: They can devote almost their full time to it. Adults consider half an hours study a day to be onerous. Their motivation is intense. Adults rarely have to spend much of their time in the company of people they need to talk to but cant children can get very li
17、ttle of what they want without learning language(s). Their peers are nastier. Embarrassment is a prime motivating factor for human beings (I owe this insight to Marvin Minskys The Society of Mind, but it was most memorably expressed by David Berlinski (in Black Mischief, p. 129), who noted that of a
18、ll emotions, from rage to depression to first love, only embarrassment can recur, decades later, with its full original intensity). Dealing with a French waiter is nothing compared with the vicious reception in store for a child who speaks funny. If adults could be placed in a similar situation, the
19、y might well learn languages as readily as children. The closest such situation is cross-cultural marriage. And indeed, this works quite well. My wife, for instance, a native Spanish speaker who came here in her late 20s, has learned exceptional English, since we speak it at home. By contrast, some
20、of her Spanish-speaking friends of the same age, married to other Spanish speakers, speak English haltingly and with a strong accent. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives a general explanation about the benefits of a cross cultural marriage. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).According to the author, children dont l
21、earn another language if they dont have to. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Unless children have other people in their lives who speak another language, they wont become fluent speakers in that language. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Children dont learn to speak another language from their parents because at times,
22、 children dont get along with their parents. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Nearly everything we learn is through formal instruction. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Few studies find that adult language learners progress faster than children. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Some studies say that adults are better at learning
23、 phonetics than children. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Singletons studies compare the situation of all children with that of the _ of adults motivated to formally learn other languages. （分数：7.10）_(9).Three advantages that children have over adults in language learning include: _ , and _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Th
24、e closest situation to that of a childrens environment for adults is _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman is sick.B.The woman is worried about her interview.C.The woman is confident.D.The woman is feeling better.A.The clerk doesnt like to be bothered.B.The machine was just
25、repaired.C.She can teach the man to work the machine.D.The man shouldnt make any more copies.A.The library no longer had the book on reserve.B.The library closed earlier than hed expected.C.The professor had chosen a mystery book for him instead.D.The homework assignment isnt clear.A.Because she wan
26、ts to meet him on Wednesday.B.Because she has to go out of town.C.Because she is in charge of the project.D.Because she has another meeting.A.He got angry with his boss.B.He always got to work late.C.He was frequently sick and absent from work.D.He prepared a financial report incorrectly.A.Teacher a
27、nd student.B.Secretary and client.C.Interviewer and interviewee.D.Manager and customer.A.The clothes the woman is wearing.B.A present the man has bought.C.Their favorite color.D.The womans mother.A.Both speakers think half of the staff are efficient.B.The man has an unfavorable opinion of the staff,
28、 but the woman doesnt.C.Neither of them has a favorable opinion of the staff.D.The woman is a restaurant manager herself.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.All students pay the same amount per year.B.Students choose how many meals a week they will pay for.C.Students get money back for meals they dont eat.
29、D.Some students get free meals.A.They can invite guests to meals at a reduced price.B.They receive cards that allow them to be served first.C.They can help decide what will be on the menu.D.They pay less per meal than those who eat there only part of the time.A.By paying for meals one at a time.B.By
30、 borrowing a students meal card.C.By ordering their meals in advance.D.By buying a weekend meal card.A.Her husband keeps changing jobs.B.Her husband is neglectful of the family.C.Her whole family live around the poverty line.D.Her husband yells at her.A.Parents can not dress children well.B.They hav
31、e to live in a small apartment.C.They have to drive an old car.D.Parents yell out about the poverty.A.Joint custody.B.Children.C.Visitation rights.D.A large estate.A.The woman will demand all they have.B.The woman will demand a little support payments.C.The woman will demand all estate.D.The woman w
32、ill demand half of all and large support payments.A.He has not forgotten Marks seventeenth birthday.B.He sent Mark something on his seventeenth birthday.C.He always sends a Christmas card on Marks birthday.D.He always sends Mark something on his birthday.A.To ask Mr. Dodd to go and see his uncle.B.T
33、o meet Mr. Dodd, his uncle.C.To ask Mr. Dodd to mark his name on his door.D.To see Mr. Dodd about some trouble at the bank.A.He is very proud of his sisters family.B.He lives comfortably though not luxuriously.C.He is very careful of everything he does.D.He is very glad to see that Mark has grown up
34、.A.A visit to a prison.B.The influence of his father.C.A talk with some miserable slaves.D.His experience in the war between France and Austria.A.He sent surgeons to serve in the army.B.He provided soldiers with medical supplies.C.He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded.D.He helped the priso
35、ners of war to flee.A.All men are created equal.B.The wounded and dying should be treated for free.C.A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical treatment.D.A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of his race, religion or political beliefs. 10.A.To honor Swiss heroes
36、who died in the war.B.To show Switzerland was neutral.C.To pay tribute to Switzerland.D.To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support.A.Sports industry.B.Clothing industry.C.Consumption.D.Domestic tourism industry.A.High-new technology industry.B.Tourism industry.C.Manufacturin
37、g industry.D.Farming industry.A.US$1,000.B.US$1,700.C.US$1,500.D.US$1,200.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Missouri State University and IBM officials announced that the university has joined IBMs Academic Initiative to better prepare students to be (36) 1leaders in technology and business. The partnershi
38、p will (37) 2 students with to a wide range of free IBM software, hardware and services resourcesvalued at $5 million. IBM Academic Initiative is a (38) 3that offers university and students a host of educational (39) 4to encourage the use of open standards technologies. By joining this initiative, u
39、niversities receive free (40) 5to IBM software, free course material, training and curriculum development and (41) 6hardware. IBM is currently working with more than 1,900 universities, 11,000 (42) 7members and 450,000 students around the world to promote open source and open standards. The US Depar
40、tment of Labor reports an (43) 8opportunity exists in all technological fields. (44) 9. And, that one out of every four jobs in this decade will be in IT. It notes, however, that colleges and universities will have to quadruple (使成四倍) their number of graduates by 2008 in order to meet this demand. “
41、With the support of IBMs Academic Initiative, (45) 10,“ said a Professor. “The increased global competition in the technology sector is encouraging national universities to take a more proactive approach to developing technology talent. At Missouri State, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
42、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)A long time ago, both thunder and lightning lived on the earth, among all the people. Thunder was an old mother sheep and Lightning was her son, a handsome ram, but neither animal was very popular. When anybod
43、y offended the ram, Lightning, he would fly into a furious rage and begin burning down huts and corn bins, and even knock down large trees. Sometimes he damaged crops on the farms with his fire and occasionally he killed people who got in his way. As soon as his mother, Thunder, knew he was behaving
44、 in this evil way, she would raise her voice and shout as loudly as she could, and that was very loud indeed. Naturally the neighbours were very upset, first at the damage caused by Lightning and then by the unbearable noise that always followed his outbursts. The villagers complained to the king on
45、 many occasions , until at last he sent the two of them to live at the very edge of the village, and said that they must not come and mix with people any more. However, this did no good, since Lightning could still see people as they walked about the village streets and so found it only too easy to
46、continue picking quarrels with them. At last the king sent for them again. “I have given you many chances to live a better life,“ he said, “but I can see that it is useless. From now on, you must go right away from our village and live in the wild bush. We do not want to see your faces here again. T
47、hunder and Lightning had to obey the king and left the village, angrily cursing its inhabitants. Alas, there was still plenty of trouble in store for the villagers, since Lightning was so angry at being banished that he now set fire to the whole bush, and during the dry seasons this was extremely unfortunate. The flames spread to the little farms which the people had planted, and sometimes to their houses as well, so that they were in despair again. They often heard the mother rams mighty voice calling her son to orde
