1、大学英语四级 78 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed to write a composition according to the picture. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Hist
2、ory of Immigration As we look back at the 20th century we realize that never in the history of mankind have humans migrated so much. Millions of people have left their homes to relocate in other parts of the world in order to change their destiny. People from all over the world have dared to dream o
3、f a better future for themselves and for their children. Others were forced out of their homelands in order to escape atrocities (暴政, 暴行). The two world wars during this century forced large numbers of people to seek refuge in a distant land in order to survive. Australia Since 1945, over six millio
4、n people have come to Australia as new settlers. Their arrival has had a marked influence on all aspects of our society. The trigger for a large-scale migration was the end of World War II. In Europe, millions of people were driven outside their homelands, unable to return. In Australia, there was a
5、 desperate shortage of labour and a belief that substantial population growth was essential for the countrys future. These factors led to the creation of a federal immigration program in 1945. By 1947, a post-war immigration boom was under way, with a large and growing number of arrivals of both gov
6、ernment-assisted and other immigrants. Agreements were reached with the United Kingdom, some European countries and the International Refugee Organization (IRO) to encourage migrants, including displaced persons from war-torn Europe, to come to Australia. Between October 1945 and June 1960, 1.7 mill
7、ion people arrived. A million more migrants arrived in each of the following four decades. Today, nearly one in four of Australias almost 20 million people were born overseas. New Zealand and the United Kingdom are the largest source countries for migrants, but other regions notably Asia have become
8、 more significant. The most ambitious part of Australias migration program followed the end of World War II. Australia negotiated agreements with other governments and international organizations to help achieve high migration targets. These agreements are no longer in force. Canada In 1947, the Can
9、adian government proposed broadening immigration policies as it set its sights on two main objectives: to populate Canada and, is so doing, expand its domestic market and develop the countries resources. But Canada remained opposed to massive immigration from the East a tendency that continued to sh
10、ape immigration policy until 1962. Canada stressed its former selective policies and reasserted its right to accept or refuse particular classes of immigrants. Other political and international forces at the time, however, contributed to making Canada a country of immigration. In fact, the years fol
11、lowing World War II saw the establishment of international bodies and the introduction of human rights legislation and a pressure to welcome “displaced persons“ from Europe. This pressure led to the abolishment of the Chinese Immigration Act in 1947. The Chinese Immigration Act of 1952, however, mai
12、ntained earlier exclusion based on nationality, ethnicity, climate compatibility, lifestyle and values. Contrary to the 1920s, immigration focused primarily on the construction and manufacturing industries as opposed to agriculture and mining. A wave of immigration from southern Europe swept across
13、postwar Canada to fill the need for manual labour. The immigration of a highly skilled worked force was also encouraged in the areas of health, education and technology, mostly from Europe. The United States of America America was built by immigrants. From Plymouth Rock in the seventeenth century to
14、 Ellis Island in the twentieth, people born elsewhere came to America. Some were fleeing religious and political persecution. Most, however, came for economic reasons and were part of extensive migratory systems that responded to changing demands in labor markets. Their experience in the United Stat
15、es was as diverse as their backgrounds and aspirations. Some became farmers and other toiled in factories. Some settled permanently and others returned to their homeland. Collectively, however, they contributed to the building of a nation by providing a constant source of inexpensive labor, by settl
16、ing rural regions and industrial cities, and by bringing their unique forms of political and cultural expression. The volume of immigration before the 1960s was staggering. Figures for the colonial period are imprecise, but by the time of the first census (人口普查) of 1790 nearly 1 million Afro-America
17、ns and 4 million Europeans resided in the United States. The European population originated from three major streams: English and Welsh, Scotch-Irish, and German. Between the end of World War II and the passage of important immigrant reform legislation in 1965, most newcomers to the United States co
18、nsisted of Europeans displaced by war and Mexican agricultural workers. In 1948 Congress Passed the Displaced Persons act that eventually admitted some 400,000 European uprooted by war, although displaced people from Palestine, China, and India were ignored. Congress also responded to the requests o
19、f agricultural interests in the Southwest and allowed temporary workers from Mexico, into the country after 1952. More than 1 million people are entering the U.S. legally every year. From 1983 through 1992, 8.7 million of these newcomers arrived the highest number in any 10-year period sincel910. A
20、record 1.8 million were granted permanent residence in 1991. Because present law stresses family unification, these arrivals can bring over their spouses, sons and daughters: some 3.5 million are now in line to come in. Once here, they can bring in their direct relatives. As a result, there exists n
21、o visible limit to the number of legal entries. Australia today Natural increase has been the main source of population growth over the past hundred years, contributing two-thirds of the increase in population between 1901 and 2001. Immigration has also been a significant contributor to Australias p
22、opulation growth, and immigrations contribution to population growth is likely to increase during the next 30 years as the ageing of Australias population leads to the annual number of the deaths exceeding births. It is possible that sometime in the 2030s, immigration may become the only source of g
23、rowth in population. （分数：71.00）(1).This article is a brief history of immigration for the countries as the major destination of immigrants.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).World War II was a key cause of the immigration boom in the past century.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The Immigration Act of 1952 by Canada abol
24、ished all restraints on immigration.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Most Americans are offspring of immigrants who came to the new continent to flee political or religious persecution.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The Displaced Persons Act passed by American congress in 1948 admitted all immigrants uprooted by war.
25、（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).There is no actual limit to legal entries to the United States for the law protects family unification.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Canada encouraged Asia immigrants with high skills to settle inlands.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The main origination of the early European immigrants to Am
26、erica are 1。（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Since 1910, the highest boom of immigration to the United States occurred in the decade from 1 through 2.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).In Australia, it is predicted that immigration may become the only source of growth in population because the annual number of deaths may 1.（分
27、数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Robert deserves her thanks for his help.B.Robert didnt help much with the project.C.She finished her project before Robert finished his.D.She and Robert hadnt finished planning their project yet.A.How long hell be in Montreal.B.How he plans to tr
28、avel to Montreal.C.What form of transportation hell use there.D.What other cities hes planning to visit.A.Librarian and student.B.Boss and secretary.C.Operator and caller.D.Customer and repairman.A.He finds the presentation hard to follow.B.He considers the presentation very dull.C.He thinks Profess
29、or White has chosen an interesting topic.D.He speaks highly of the presentation.A.That he first have it repaired and then change it with someone.B.That he leave it in the garage to be repaired.C.That he sell his car for a new one.D.That he keep his old car and get a new one.A.In the city.B.Near the
30、train station.C.In the countryside.D.Near her workplace.A.A day course.B.An evening course.C.The choice of courses.D.Their part-time job.A.He wrote a book about great restaurants.B.He always makes reservations for dinner.C.He read a book while he was eating dinner.D.He always finds good places to ea
31、t.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The mans last appointment.B.Professor Irwins office hours.C.Student advisement during registration.D.The mans health problems.A.Tuesday at two oclock.B.Thursday at two oclock.C.This afternoon at three oclock.D.Now.A.He should have made an appointment.B.He should have c
32、alled to cancel his appointment.C.He should have come for his appointment.D.He should have stayed at home until he was well.A.Uninterested.B.Apologetic.C.Sick.D.Annoyed.A.The election for senator.B.The election for treasurer.C.The election for secretary.D.The election for president.A.Theyre competin
33、g against each other in an election.B.The man is writing the womans speech.C.The man is interviewing the woman.D.The woman is planning the mans campaign.A.Make posters.B.Write a speech.C.Answer questions.D.Study chemistry.A.Compare their lecture notes.B.Give a speech at school canteen.C.Prepare ques
34、tions to be asked.D.Vote in the school election.A.All Australians.B.The patient himself.C.The government.D.Medicare.A.More than 30%.B.Less than 30%.C.More than 70%.D.Less than 70%.A.To get quicker treatment and rebates.B.To have a private doctor.C.To go to see a dentist.D.To avoid the charges for pr
35、escription drugs.A.Medicare tax in Australia.B.Private health funds in Australia.C.Health care in Australia.D.Tax deductions in Australia.A.A business corporation.B.A society of legal professionals.C.The universe as a whole.D.An association of teachers and scholars.A.Its largest expansion took place
36、 during that period.B.Its role in society went through a dramatic change.C.Small universities combined to form bigger ones.D.Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.A.Private donations.B.Grants from corporations.C.Government funding.D.Fees paid by students.A.People would not buy m
37、ore food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.People had effective ways to preserve their food.D.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.A.Investors.B.Manufacturers.C.Consumers.D.Traveling salesmen.A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Objective.D.Compromising.六、S
38、ection C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the United States, it is not (36) 1to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires (37) 2attention. The same meaning is
39、(38) 3to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he (39) 4its a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call (40) 5its importance. Time plays a very important part in social life. In the U. S .A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regard
40、ed if the invitation to a dinner party is (41) 6only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world it may be (42) 7foolish to make an appointment too far in (43) 8because plans made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. Th
41、e meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, (44) 9; promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. (45) 10. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business friend waiting for an hour; it would be too impolite (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
42、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span
43、 means that the nations elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunit
44、ies in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, were going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers, “ says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern Californias (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学
45、). Lawyers can specialize in “elder law“, which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (歧视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human
46、history. “Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,“ one professor says. Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria“. So she
47、took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.“ （分数：177.50）(1).“. Old is suddenly in“ (Line 1, Para. 1 ) most probably means “ _”.（分数：35.50）A.America has suddenly become a nation of old peopleB.gerontology
48、 has suddenly become popularC.more elderly professors are found on American campusesD.American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students(2).With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit _.（分数：35.50）A.from the adoption of the “elder law“B.from rendering special services to the elderlyC.by enriching their professional knowledgeD.by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests(3).Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?（分数：35.50）A.Retirees are
