1、大学英语四级 74及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Internet and Our Life. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 因特网使我们的生活进入了一个新时代； 2. 它深刻地影响着我们的生活； 3. 应该如何看待这
2、一现象？ （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Two Words Is a Minute Description of a Human Need Famous for citing website design mistakes, Jakob Nielsen, the webs original usability guru (指导者) , explains why search has taken over, why adverts arent working, and how to make browsing better. T
3、echnology Guardian: The hype is everywhere about Web 2. 0. How do things like Ajax fit into the guidelines youve been espousing (支持) ? Jakob Nielsen: Its always been good usability to make interfaces reactive, to have as fast response times as possible. Many of these Web 2. 0 things are tricks to pr
4、ovide it in a faster way. In that sense it works well, its just a programming technique for achieving these goals. I used to say that I dont like a lot of functionality inside a web browser, but now you can view the browser more like a programming system or a programming language almost, and therefo
5、re your browser can become a support platform. The question then becomes “is that the best way of doing these applications“ , or is it still best to download them and use them as a full-featured application which sucks in small amounts of data. But its all a continuum (统一体): at one end you have pure
6、 data and information on the web, and on the other the full applications. Most things exist in the middle. Information-only websites have are still useful, and then something like Microsoft Office has rich interaction styles that are still easier to do on the desktop. TG: Are there problems with the
7、 way people approach web businesses? JN: There is a misunderstanding of internet advertising. There is some advertising that is working and funneling money back to the search engines. But because most advertisements work so poorly on the web, the advertisers are yelling more and more loudly and they
8、 are getting more garish(俗气的) and being deceptive. Those are really big problems, and they cause users to feel like the internet is a less welcoming place. Its like being in the bad part of town, with people insulting you. It backfires because it damages credibility; they assign the blame partly to
9、the advertiser and partly to the website. TG: How irritating is it that people still arent getting your message? JN: Its very annoying. There are many new and interesting things to talk about, but its baffling that we have to continue talking about these old findings. But we have to. Business-to-bus
10、iness websites still live in the 90s in terms of interacting with customers online. The sites may look good, but theres no clear-cut information just slogans. TG: Have you seen any significant changes in the way people use the web? JN: General behavior is very search-dominated. You go to your favori
11、te search engine, type in two words and click on the first few results. Users spend one or two minutes and then decide where to do their business. That has been a big change. Search has changed from being something thats somewhat useful to being something that works surprisingly well. People do tend
12、 to only type in two words, and two words is a very minute and impoverished description of a human need. But search engines can most of the timepick four or five sites that you actually want. Because people have experienced that it works, this has become their number one behavior. TG: People either
13、love or hate you. Have your methods helped you? JN: There probably are some people who are beyond reach because they dont want to listen. Its kind of like being an astronomer and youre looking up at the sky and saying that it looks like the earth is revolving around the sun, not the sun revolving ar
14、ound the earth. You can report it and the Pope can like it or not, but it doesnt change whats going on. Its the same here: Im reporting what average people find when they visit a website. If you dont listen your users will suffer and your business will suffer. You have to fight for the people. These
15、 new technologies arent just for the technological elite. Remember that the average user is not there when a company or design team has a meeting about what to do on our website. TG: Theres a perception that you are the guy who comes to the party and tells them to turn the music down. Do you enjoy t
16、hat reaction? JN: I have my own techno-enthusiasm, I like advanced fancy stuff too. If youre only doing something thats targeting a few thousand web designers, then you can make it challenging because those users would find it engaging and fun. But the average user doesnt find it engaging and fun to
17、 struggle against technology. You have to acknowledge the way the real world works. You shouldnt design for designers, or design for your boss. Good design is about problem-solving under constraintsdesign has to have a goal of achieving some purpose. TG: Sites like MySpace are hugely populated by sa
18、vvy younger people still developing a sense of design. Do you feel that sites directed towards young users are failing to teach them best practice? JN: If a teenager is just making a page for their three best friends, then these guidelines arent relevant. You can put a pulsating heart on the page, m
19、ake it play your favorite song these atrocities would be the kiss of death for a mainstream website, but here its a case of personal expression. It is OK for somebodys MySpace pages to contradict everything we know about usability because theyre purely self-expression. We have to get through to them
20、 that the way you communicate among yourselves is different from the way you communicate with other people. This goes back to the school system, which needs to explain the different ways of communicating in different media. If you wrote a job application like your MySpace pages, youd be out of work.
21、 TG: So is there room for talking about these issues in the classroom? JN: There was a study done at the Open University found that in elementary schools, for every 100 spent on books, students grades improved by 1. 5%and for every 100 spent on computers, grades improved by 0. 7%. So books are twice
22、 as good as computers for this, so its not necessarily that I should study history by clicking on some web pages, but that we should teach about these electronic media forms and how to use them. The value of that education would be immense. （分数：71.00）(1).The reactive speed plays a rather important r
23、ole in the usability of web browsers.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Web 2.0 is the best way to function as both a browser and a programming system.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).According to Jakob Nielsen, advertising does work well for both the advertiser and the website.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).According to the int
24、erview, some websites dont serve well as the medium for interacting.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Jakob Nielsen considers there are significant changes in the way people use the web.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).We can infer from the interview that Jakob Nielsen is advising the Pope to believe that the earth is r
25、evolving around the sun.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Jakob Nielsen considers a good design must be recognized by designers and the boss.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Suppose Jakob Nielsen is asked to comment on some MySpace pages designed by younger people, he may consider it as 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Jakob Niels
26、en mentioned that a student should not write a 1 like his MySpace pages.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).We learn from the interview, comparing students grades improved through every 100 spent on books and on computers, the former are 1as good as the latter for this.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，
27、分数：15.00)A.They are twins.B.They are classmates.C.They are friends.D.They are colleagues.A.The man is planning a trip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man doesnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.A.The size of the room.B.Long working hours.C.The hot weather.D.The
28、 fan in the room.A.The man has changed his destination.B.The man is returning his ticket.C.The man is flying to New York tomorrow morning.D.The man cant manage to go to New York as planned.A.It is difficult to identify.B.It has been misplaced.C.It is missing.D.It has been borrowed by someone.A.Looki
29、ng for a timetable.B.Buying some furniture.C.Reserving a table.D.Window shoppingA.Cold and windy.B.Snow will be replaced by strong winds.C.It will get better.D.Rainy and cold.A.It is no longer available.B.It has been reprinted four times.C.The store doesnt have it now, but will have it soon.D.The in
30、formation in the book is out of date.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He has got a bad cold.B.He has caught whooping cough.C.He has a fever and a bad appetite.D.He has been coughing for several days.A.Because he is only a 3-year-old child.B.Because others cough may be contagious to him.C.Because he also
31、 has a fever.D.Because he cries all the time.A.Give the child lot of fluid to drink.B.Let him have a hot bath before bedtime.C.Keep an eye on the cough.D.Send him to the clinic if he has a fever.A.The blacks.B.The whites.C.The Chinese.D.The Japanese.A.In China-town.B.In the northern part of the city
32、.C.All over the city.D.In Japan-town.A.12,000.B.700,000.C.50,000.D.20,000.A.He thinks the city is pretty.B.He likes to talk about it.C.He travels a lot in the city.D.He teaches ethnic history at a university.A.An advertisement.B.An address.C.An operator.D.Long distance rates.A.The phone number you n
33、eed to know is not in your phone book.B.You want to make a long distance call.C.You dont know the long distance rates.D.You need to know how to put the money in the slot.A.Call Directory Assistance.B.Know the area code.C.Call the operator.D.Talk to a computer.A.To learn Spanish.B.To tour the city.C.
34、To see the ancient art.D.To visit friends.A.By taxi.B.By subway.C.By bus.D.On foot.A.A taxi was faster.B.He got lost.C.He lost his map.D.The policeman advised him to.A.He was greatly disappointed.B.He was at a loss what to do.C.He was pleased to get there finally.D.He was pleased with his knowledge
35、of Spanish.A.They make decisions by tossing coins.B.They are not physically separated.C.They think exactly the same way.D.They share most of their vital organs.A.Few of them can live long.B.Few of them get along well with each other.C.Most of them live a normal life.D.Most of them differ in their li
36、kes and dislikes.A.They go to a regular school.B.They attend a special school.C.They are taught by their parents.D.They have a private tutor.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On July 16, 1995 a new bookstore opened in the American city of Seattle. No one steps inside to buy anything. Yet the store, if you
37、could call it that, had (36) 1 last year of 7,000 million dollars. Ten years ago, few people bought things over the Internet and they thought it was (37) 2, but Amazon-dot-com changed many peoples minds. Ten years later, an estimated seven out of ten American (38) 3have used a computer to buy someth
38、ing. Market researchers at comScore Networks estimate online (39) 4 last year at 117,000 million dollars. That was for goods and travel services. The person who started Amazon, Jeffrey Bezos, remains its leader. In the 1990s he urged (40) 5to help Amazon “get big fast. “ Yet Amazon invested in many
39、similar businesses that (41) 6. Amazon lost plenty of money and did not make a profit until 2003. Its most recent profit and (42) 7report, released last week, was better than many market watchers had expected. Today people can buy not just books and music but also many other products through Amazon.
40、 It competes with eBay, which celebrates its tenth birthday in (43) 8. EBay calls itself “the worlds online marketplace. “ (44) 9. (45) 10. EBay has grown to include several other businesses, including PayPal, a company that processes online payments. As online sellers grew, traditional stores saw t
41、he future. Today, (46) 11, Wal-Mart. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Lacking a cure for AIDS, society must offer education, not only by public pronouncement but in classrooms. Those with AIDS or those at hi
42、gh risk of AIDS suffer prejudice, they are feared by some people who find living itself unsafe, while others conduct themselves with a “bravado (冒险心理)“ that could be fatal. AIDS has afflicted a society already short on humanism, open-handedness and optimism. Attempts to strike it out with the offend
43、ing microbe are not abetted (教唆) by pre-existing social ills. Such concerns impelled me to offer the first university-level undergraduate AIDS course, with its two important aims: To address the fact that AIDS is caused by a virus, not by moral failure or societal collapse. The proper response to AI
44、DS is compassion coupled with an understanding of the disease itself. We wanted to foster(help the growth of) the idea of a humane society. To describe how AIDS tests the institutions upon which our society rests. The economy, the political system, science, the legal Establishment, the media and our
45、 moral ethical-philosophical attitudes must respond to the disease. Those responses, whispered, or shrieked, easily accepted or highly controversial, must be put in order if the nation is to manage AIDS. Scholars have suggested that how a society deals with the threat of AIDS describes the extent to
46、 which that society has the right to call itself civilized. AIDS, then, is woven into the tapestry (挂毯) of modem society; in the course of explaining that tapestry, a teacher realizes that AIDS may bring about changes of historic proportions. Democracy obliges its educational system to prepare stude
47、nts to become informed citizens, to join their voices to the public debate inspired by AIDS. Who shall direct just what resources of manpower and money to the problem of AIDS? Even more basic, who shall formulate a national policy on AIDS? The educational challenge, then, is to enlighten(启发) the ind
48、ividual and the societal, or public, responses to AIDS. （分数：177.50）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：35.50）A.Why education must be offered about AIDS.B.How to achieve the aims of AIDS courses.C.Risks associated with AIDS.D.Social responses to AIDS.(2).Why did the author offer the AIDS course?（分数：35.50）A.He wanted to teach people about a cure for AIDS.B.People need to be taught how to avoid those with AIDS.C.He wanted to teach the students that AIDS resulted from mo
